Anonymous user
Husayn Quli Hamadani: Difference between revisions
references added
imported>Kadeh m (→References: Replacement of Navbox) |
imported>Nazarzadeh (references added) |
||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
== Birth == | == Birth == | ||
Akhund Mulla Husayn Quli Darguzini Najafi, known as Mulla Husayn Quli Shavandi Hamadani was born in 1239/1824 in the village of Shavand, one of the villages of Razan in [[Hamadan]] Province, [[Iran]]. | Akhund Mulla Husayn Quli Darguzini Najafi, known as Mulla Husayn Quli Shavandi Hamadani was born in 1239/1824 in the village of Shavand, one of the villages of Razan in [[Hamadan]] Province, [[Iran]].<ref>Mudarris Tabrīzī, ‘’Rayḥānat al-adab’’, vol. 6, p. 376. Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ‘’Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa’’, 1373/1954, vol. 1, p. 674.</ref> | ||
== Lineage == | == Lineage == | ||
His lineage reached [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]], one of the [[sahaba|Companions]] of the [[Prophet (s)]]. His father, whose name was Ramadan, was a shepherd and wished that his son continues his educations so he sent him to Tehran to learn religious studies. | His lineage reached [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]], one of the [[sahaba|Companions]] of the [[Prophet (s)]].<ref>Mudarris Tabrīzī, ‘’Rayḥānat al-adab’’, vol. 6, p. 376. Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ‘’Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa’’, 1373/1954, vol. 1, p. 674.</ref> His father, whose name was Ramadan, was a shepherd and wished that his son continues his educations so he sent him to Tehran to learn religious studies.<ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ‘’Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa’’, 1373/1954, vol. 1, p. 674-675. Muʿallim Ḥabībābādī, ‘’Makārim al-āthār’’, 1352 Sh, vol. 4, p. 1087.</ref> | ||
== Education == | == Education == | ||
'''Tehran''' | '''Tehran''' | ||
Husayn Quli learned preliminary lessons, different levels of [[jurisprudence]] and [[principles of jurisprudence]] and then attended the classes of jurisprudence and principles of jurisprudence of different Islamic scholars such as [[Shaykh 'Abd al-Husayn Tihrani]] (d. 1286/1869) known as Shaykh al-'Iraqayn. | Husayn Quli learned preliminary lessons, different levels of [[jurisprudence]] and [[principles of jurisprudence]] and then attended the classes of jurisprudence and principles of jurisprudence of different Islamic scholars such as [[Shaykh 'Abd al-Husayn Tihrani]] (d. 1286/1869) known as Shaykh al-'Iraqayn.<ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ‘’Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa’’, 1373/1954, vol. 1, p. 674-675. Muʿallim Ḥabībābādī, ‘’Makārim al-āthār’’, 1352 Sh, vol. 4, p. 1087.</ref> | ||
'''Sabzevar''' | '''Sabzevar''' | ||
He went to [[Sabzevar]] to participate the philosophy class of [[Mulla Hadi Sabziwari]]. | He went to [[Sabzevar]] to participate the philosophy class of [[Mulla Hadi Sabziwari]].<ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ‘’Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa’’, 1373/1954, vol. 1, p. 674-675. Muʿallim Ḥabībābādī, ‘’Makārim al-āthār’’, 1352 Sh, vol. 4, p. 1087.</ref> | ||
'''Najaf''' | '''Najaf''' | ||
After a while staying in [[Sabzevar]], he left there for [[Najaf]]. In Najaf, he | After a while staying in [[Sabzevar]], he left there for [[Najaf]]. In Najaf, he benefited the jurisprudence and principles of jurisprudence class of [[al-Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari]] and through him, was guided to attend the ethics class of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] and became one of his pupils. | ||
== Teaching == | == Teaching == | ||
After [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] passed away, Mulla Husayn Quli wanted to continue teaching his teacher's class but he refrained from it due to Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari's advice and began educating and teaching [[ethics]] to talented students and after Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari passed away, he taught ethics in his house in addition to jurisprudence and principles of jurisprudence. | After [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] passed away, Mulla Husayn Quli wanted to continue teaching his teacher's class but he refrained from it due to Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari's advice and began educating and teaching [[ethics]] to talented students and after Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari passed away, he taught ethics in his house in addition to jurisprudence and principles of jurisprudence.<ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ‘’Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa’’, 1373/1954, vol. 1, p. 675. Ḥusaynī Ṭihrānī, ‘’Lubb al-lubāb’’, 1389 Sh, p. 122-123.</ref> | ||
== Methodology of Teaching == | == Methodology of Teaching == | ||
His spiritual and teaching conduct was similar to that of Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari and it is said that his spiritual discipleship went back through Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari and from him to [[Sayyid Sadr al-Din Kashif Dizfuli]] and from him to [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and from him reached [[Sayyid Qutb al-Din Nayrizi]]. | His spiritual and teaching conduct was similar to that of Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari and it is said that his spiritual discipleship went back through Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari and from him to [[Sayyid Sadr al-Din Kashif Dizfuli]] and from him to [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and from him reached [[Sayyid Qutb al-Din Nayrizi]].<ref>Ṣadūqī Suhā, ‘’Taḥrīr thānī’’, 1381 Sh, p. 213.</ref> | ||
== Pupils == | == Pupils == | ||
Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani educated many students. Number of his students which in some reports reached 300, in the one hand shows his popularity and on the other hand demonstrates the broad influence of his spiritual conduct in [[Najaf]] of that time. Some of his great pupils are: | Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani educated many students. Number of his students which in some reports reached 300, in the one hand shows his popularity and on the other hand demonstrates the broad influence of his spiritual conduct in [[Najaf]] of that time. Some of his great pupils are:<ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ‘’Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa’’, 1373/1954, vol. 1, p. 677-678. Ṣadūqī Suhā, ‘’Taḥrīr thānī’’, 1381 Sh, p. 219-231</ref> | ||
{{cb|2}} | {{cb|2}} | ||
* Shaykh [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari]] (d. 1325/1907) | * Shaykh [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari]] (d. 1325/1907) | ||
| Line 66: | Line 67: | ||
* Shaykh [[Muhammad Baqir Najmabadi]] (d. 1353/1935) | * Shaykh [[Muhammad Baqir Najmabadi]] (d. 1353/1935) | ||
* [[Sayyid 'Ali Hamadani]] (d. 1379/1960) | * [[Sayyid 'Ali Hamadani]] (d. 1379/1960) | ||
* [[ | * [[Baqir Qadi Tabataba'i]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Javad Maliki Tabrizi]] | ||
* [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] (d. 1371/1952) | * [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] (d. 1371/1952) | ||
* [[ | * [[Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]] (d. 1355/1936) | ||
* [[ | * [[Muhammad Kazim Khurasani]] (d. 1329/1911) | ||
* [[Sayyid Shams al-Din Mahmud Mar'ashi Najafi]] (d. 1338/1920) | * [[Sayyid Shams al-Din Mahmud Mar'ashi Najafi]] (d. 1338/1920) | ||
* [[Sayyid Mahmud Taliqani Najafi]] | * [[Sayyid Mahmud Taliqani Najafi]] | ||
| Line 76: | Line 77: | ||
* Shaykh 'Ali (d. 1359/1940), Mulla Husayn Quli's son | * Shaykh 'Ali (d. 1359/1940), Mulla Husayn Quli's son | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
== Spiritual Conduct == | == Spiritual Conduct == | ||
| Line 88: | Line 86: | ||
* In the fourth step, in order that the wayfarer knows God present and observing him and draws away anything other than God, he needs to clear his mental occupations. | * In the fourth step, in order that the wayfarer knows God present and observing him and draws away anything other than God, he needs to clear his mental occupations. | ||
In the view of Mulla Husayn Quli, some ways of clearing mental occupations are remembering God, reciting the [[Holy Qur'an]], worshiping, invoking the Infallible [[Imams]] (a) and surely the quickest way of clearing mental occupations is to reflect on the self. | In the view of Mulla Husayn Quli, some ways of clearing mental occupations are remembering God, reciting the [[Holy Qur'an]], worshiping, invoking the Infallible [[Imams]] (a) and surely the quickest way of clearing mental occupations is to reflect on the self.<ref>Ḥusaynī Ṭihrānī, ‘’Lubb al-lubāb’’, 1389 Sh, p. 119-123.</ref> | ||
== Demise == | == Demise == | ||
Mulla Husayn Quli passed away in his pilgrimage to [[Karbala]] on [[Sha'ban 28]] [[1311]]/[[March 6]], 1894 and he was buried in the [[Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. | Mulla Husayn Quli passed away in his pilgrimage to [[Karbala]] on [[Sha'ban 28]] [[1311]]/[[March 6]], 1894 and he was buried in the [[Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]].<ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ‘’Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa’’, 1373/1954, vol. 1, p. 677-678.</ref> | ||
== Acts of Wonder == | == Acts of Wonder == | ||
Many [[act of wonder|acts of wonder]] have been reported from him and that he was always watchful about his actions and his soul so much that he is reported to have become silent sometimes in the middle of class fearful of slightest ignorance and saying anything regardless of God's contentment. | Many [[act of wonder|acts of wonder]] have been reported from him and that he was always watchful about his actions and his soul so much that he is reported to have become silent sometimes in the middle of class fearful of slightest ignorance and saying anything regardless of God's contentment.<ref>Qumī, ‘’al-Fawāʾid al-Raḍawīyya’’, p. 148.</ref> | ||
== Grandeur in the Views of Others == | == Grandeur in the Views of Others == | ||
*[[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] who entered [[Iraq]] two years after demise of Mulla Husayn Quli, described him following methodology of [[Sayyid b. Tawus]]. In his opinions, most scholars after Mulla Husayn Quli were indebted to him and his pupils were stars of the sky of knowledge and virtue. He regretted for he did not see him, but he is happy his students could attend Mulla Husayn Quli's classes. He believed that Mulla Husayn Quli's students had combined knowledge with practice. | *[[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] who entered [[Iraq]] two years after demise of Mulla Husayn Quli, described him following methodology of [[al-Sayyid b. Tawus]]. In his opinions, most scholars after Mulla Husayn Quli were indebted to him and his pupils were stars of the sky of knowledge and virtue. He regretted for he did not see him, but he is happy his students could attend Mulla Husayn Quli's classes. He believed that Mulla Husayn Quli's students had combined knowledge with practice.<ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ‘’Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa’’, 1373/1954, vol. 1, p. 677-678.</ref> | ||
*[[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] has written that Mulla Husayn Quli was peerless in [[ethics]] and purification of the soul among his contemporary scholars. | *[[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] has written that Mulla Husayn Quli was peerless in [[ethics]] and purification of the soul among his contemporary scholars.<ref>Amīn, ‘’Aʿyān al-Shīʿa’’, 1403/1983, vol. 6, p. 136.</ref> | ||
== Works == | == Works == | ||
Since most of Mulla Husayn Quli's efforts were for educating pupils, he could not find time to write; thus, most of his works are written by his students, some of which are: | Since most of Mulla Husayn Quli's efforts were for educating pupils, he could not find time to write; thus, most of his works are written by his students, some of which are:<ref>Amīn, ‘’Aʿyān al-Shīʿa’’, 1403/1983, vol. 6, p. 136.</ref> | ||
* Class scripts of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]]'s [[jurisprudence]] and [[principles of jurisprudence]] classes written by Mulla Husayn Quli himself. | * Class scripts of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]]'s [[jurisprudence]] and [[principles of jurisprudence]] classes written by Mulla Husayn Quli himself. | ||
* Class scripts of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]]'s classes | * Class scripts of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]]'s classes | ||
| Line 109: | Line 107: | ||
* His [[amali]] on [[ethics]] compiled by some of his students | * His [[amali]] on [[ethics]] compiled by some of his students | ||
* Correspondences and instructions which [[Mirza Isma'il Tabrizi]] (Ta'ib) compiled them together with some correspondences and instructions of [[Ahmad Karbala'i]], [[Muhammad Bahari Hamadani]] and [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and published them at the end of his ''[[Tadhkirat al-muttaqin]]''. | * Correspondences and instructions which [[Mirza Isma'il Tabrizi]] (Ta'ib) compiled them together with some correspondences and instructions of [[Ahmad Karbala'i]], [[Muhammad Bahari Hamadani]] and [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and published them at the end of his ''[[Tadhkirat al-muttaqin]]''. | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
* | * Amīn, al-Sayyid Muḥsin al-. ‘’Aʿyān al-Shīʿa’’. Beirut, Ḥasan Amīn, 1403/1983. | ||
* Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī. ‘’Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa’’. Najaf, np, 1373/1954. | |||
* Ḥusaynī Ṭihrānī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ‘’Lubb al-lubāb’’. Qom, Sayyid Hādī Khusrushāhī, 1389 Sh. | |||
* Muʿallim Ḥabībābādī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. ‘’Makārim al-āthār’’. Isfahan, np, 1352 Sh. | |||
* Mudarris Tabrīzī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. ‘’Rayḥānat al-adab’’. Tehran, np, 1374 Sh. | |||
* Qumī, ʿAbbās. ‘’Al-Fawāʾid al-Raḍawīyya’’. np, nd. | |||
* Ṣadūqī Suhā, Manūchihr. ‘’Taḥrīr thānī’’. Tehran, Ḥikmat, 1381 Sh. | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{Shia Mystics}} | {{Shia Mystics}} | ||
{{Shia Jurists (14th/20th century)}} | {{Shia Jurists (14th/20th century)}} | ||
<onlyinclude>{{Editorial Box | <onlyinclude>{{Editorial Box | ||
| priority =c | | priority =c | ||
| Line 125: | Line 134: | ||
| navbox =done | | navbox =done | ||
| redirects=done | | redirects=done | ||
| references = | | references =done | ||
| good article = | | good article = 24 August 2020 | ||
| featured article = | | featured article = | ||
}}</onlyinclude> | }}</onlyinclude> | ||