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Muhammad b. Isa b. Ubayd al-Yaqtini: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Muḥammad b. ʿĪsa b. Ubayd al-Yaqtīnī''' (Arabic: {{ia|محمد بن عیسی بن عبید الیقطیني}}) (b. 180/796-7 – was living in 254/868) was a famous [[Shi'a]] [[transmitter of hadith]]s contemporary with some Imams (a). He was a companion of [[Imam al-Rida (a)]], [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]], [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] and [[Imam al-Askari (a)]] and is considered among great Shi'a personalities in [[jurisprudence]], [[theology]] and [[hadith]]s. | ||
Hadiths he transmitted from [[Hasan b. Mahbub]] and [[Yunus b. Abd al-Rahman]] were rejected by some Shi'a hadiths scholars; but, his hadiths are trusted by most Shi'a scholars. It is also reported that Imam al-Rida (a) sent him to [[hajj]] on his behalf. Al-Yaqtini wrote different works, none of which is available now. | |||
== Biography == | == Biography == | ||
Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. Isa b. Ubayd b. Yaqtin b. Musa was among those (non-Arabs) in [[wila' covenant]] (a covenant between Arabs and non-Arabs in order to receive their support) with [[Asad b. Khuzayma]] . He was called Ubaydi because his grandfather was Ubayd. Al-Yaqtini is referring to his another forefather and the title Yunisi is due to the many hadiths he transmitted from Yunus b. Abd al-Rahman. | Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. Isa b. Ubayd b. Yaqtin b. Musa was among those (non-Arabs) in [[wila' covenant]] (a covenant between Arabs and non-Arabs in order to receive their support) with [[Asad b. Khuzayma]] . He was called Ubaydi because his grandfather was Ubayd. Al-Yaqtini is referring to his another forefather and the title Yunisi is due to the many hadiths he transmitted from Yunus b. Abd al-Rahman. | ||
He was from [[Al Yaqtin]] families who had a role in spreading Shi'a in [[Baghdad]]. His great grandfather, Yaqtin b. Musa was among great [[Twelver Shi'a]] preachers who was persecuted by [[Marwan b. al-Hakam|Marwan]], the last [[Umayyad]] [[caliph]] and although he served [[Saffah]] and [[Mansur al-Abbasi]] after [[Abbasids]] took the power, he still believed in the [[imamate]] of the descendants of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. Some considered him among inviters to Abbasids. But, prominent personalities of this family including Ali b. Yaqtin as well as Muhammad b. Isa and his brother Ja'far were among Shi'a and followers of the Imams (a) of the Shi'a. | He was from [[Al Yaqtin]] families who had a role in spreading Shi'a in [[Baghdad]]. His great grandfather, Yaqtin b. Musa was among great [[Twelver Shi'a]] preachers who was persecuted by [[Marwan b. al-Hakam|Marwan]], the last [[Umayyad]] [[caliph]] and although he served [[Saffah]] and [[al-Mansur al-Abbasi]] after [[Abbasids]] took the power, he still believed in the [[imamate]] of the descendants of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. Some considered him among inviters to Abbasids. But, prominent personalities of this family including Ali b. Yaqtin as well as Muhammad b. Isa and his brother Ja'far were among Shi'a and followers of the Imams (a) of the Shi'a. | ||
There is not much information about the details of his life. He lived in Suq al-'Atash locality in Baghdad. Researchers considered him among prominent figures of Twelver Shi'a who was considered among great Shi'a scholars in [[jurisprudence]], hadiths and theology. It is not exactly known when he passed away but it is said that he was alive in 254/868. | There is not much information about the details of his life. He lived in "Suq al-'Atash" locality in [[Baghdad]]. Researchers considered him among prominent figures of Twelver Shi'a who was considered among great Shi'a scholars in [[jurisprudence]], hadiths and theology. It is not exactly known when he passed away but it is said that he was alive in 254/868. | ||
== Contact with Imams (a) == | == Contact with Imams (a) == | ||
Muhammad b. Isa was among the companions of four Imams (a) (Imam al-Rida (a), Imam al-Jawad (a), Imam al-Hadi (a) and Imam al-Askari) and transmitted some hadiths from Imams (a) in the form of correspondences and oral communications. His name is mentioned in the chains of transmission of 203 hadiths from the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. Also, it is reported that Imam al-Rida (a) sent him to [[hajj]] on his own behalf. | Muhammad b. Isa was among the companions of four Imams (a) (Imam al-Rida (a), Imam al-Jawad (a), Imam al-Hadi (a) and Imam al-Askari) and transmitted some hadiths from Imams (a) in the form of correspondences and oral communications. His name is mentioned in the [[chains of transmission]] of 203 hadiths from the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. Also, it is reported that Imam al-Rida (a) sent him to [[hajj]] on his own behalf. | ||
== Sources and Transmitters == | == Sources and Transmitters == | ||
Al-Yaqtini transmitted hadiths from many [[hadith transmitter]]s who are considered among his hadith sources. The names of twenty six of them are mentioned in the sources, some of whom are people of consensus, i.e. a group of Twelver Shi'a transmitters of hadiths whose hadiths are accepted by Shi'a in any condition; including [[Muhammad b. Abi Umayr]], [[Hasan b. Mahbub]], [[Hammad b. Isa]], [[Safwan b. Yahya]] and [[Yunus b. Abd al-Rahman]]. The same way, from among those who transmitted from al-Yaqtini and a list of them is mentioned in sources, some of them whose books remained and were published include: [[Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Khalid al-Barqi]], the author of ''[[al-Mahasin]]''; [[Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Himyari]], the author of ''[[Qurb al-isnad]]''; [[Ali b. Ibrahim al-Qummi]], the author of [[Tafsir al-Qummi|Tafsir]] and [[Sa'd b. Abd Allah al-Ash'ari]], the author of [[al-Maqalat and al-firaq]]. | Al-Yaqtini transmitted hadiths from many [[hadith transmitter]]s who are considered among his hadith sources. The names of twenty six of them are mentioned in the sources, some of whom are [[people of consensus]], i.e. a group of Twelver Shi'a transmitters of hadiths whose hadiths are accepted by Shi'a in any condition; including [[Muhammad b. Abi Umayr]], [[Hasan b. Mahbub]], [[Hammad b. Isa]], [[Safwan b. Yahya]] and [[Yunus b. Abd al-Rahman]]. The same way, from among those who transmitted from al-Yaqtini and a list of them is mentioned in sources, some of them whose books remained and were published include: [[Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Khalid al-Barqi]], the author of ''[[al-Mahasin]]''; [[Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Himyari]], the author of ''[[Qurb al-isnad]]''; [[Ali b. Ibrahim al-Qummi]], the author of [[Tafsir al-Qummi|Tafsir]] and [[Sa'd b. Abd Allah al-Ash'ari]], the author of [[al-Maqalat and al-firaq]]. | ||
== In the Views of Great Scholars == | == In the Views of Great Scholars == | ||
[[Ahmad b. 'Ali al-Najashi|Al-Najashi]] who was among great Shi'a scholars in [[rijal]] referred to al-Yaqtini as "great person among our companions" and "trustworthy" which are considered high praises and suggest his great position among Twelver Shi'a and his prominence. However, he mentioned an attribute of him which is criticized by some Shi'a hadith scholars. | [[Ahmad b. 'Ali al-Najashi|Al-Najashi]] who was among great Shi'a scholars in [[rijal]] referred to al-Yaqtini as "great person among our companions" and "[[trustworthy]]" which are considered high praises and suggest his great position among Twelver Shi'a and his prominence. However, he mentioned an attribute of him which is criticized by some Shi'a hadith scholars. | ||
He said that [[Nasr b. Sabah]] (Shi'a transmitter of hadiths and the author ''Ma'rifat al-naqilin'') believed that al-Yaqtini was too young to be able to transmit any hadith from [[Hasan b. Mahbub]]. Thus, he did not consider hadiths al-Yaqtini transmitted from Ibn Mahbub acceptable. The same way, [[Ibn al-Walid al-Qummi]] (Twelver Shi'a scholar in hadiths and jurisprudence) too did not consider many hadiths al-Yaqtini transmitted from Yunus b. Abd al-Rahman acceptable. Researchers think that this was the reason [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] consider al-Yaqtini's hadiths weak regarding reliability in his ''[[Al-Rijal (al-Tusi)|al-Rijal]]'' and ''[[Al-Fihrist (al-Tusi)|al-Fihrist]]''. Therefore, scholars such as [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli]], [[Sayyid b. Tawus]], [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] and [[al-Muqaddas al-Ardabili]] did not accept all the hadiths al-Yaqtini transmitted even if he did not transmit them from Yunus b. Abd al-Rahman. | He said that [[Nasr b. Sabah]] (Shi'a transmitter of hadiths and the author ''Ma'rifat al-naqilin'') believed that al-Yaqtini was too young to be able to transmit any hadith from [[Hasan b. Mahbub]]. Thus, he did not consider hadiths al-Yaqtini transmitted from Ibn Mahbub acceptable. The same way, [[Ibn al-Walid al-Qummi]] (Twelver Shi'a scholar in hadiths and jurisprudence) too did not consider many hadiths al-Yaqtini transmitted from Yunus b. Abd al-Rahman acceptable. Researchers think that this was the reason [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] consider al-Yaqtini's hadiths weak regarding reliability in his ''[[Al-Rijal (al-Tusi)|al-Rijal]]'' and ''[[Al-Fihrist (al-Tusi)|al-Fihrist]]''. Therefore, scholars such as [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli]], [[Sayyid b. Tawus]], [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] and [[al-Muqaddas al-Ardabili]] did not accept all the hadiths al-Yaqtini transmitted even if he did not transmit them from Yunus b. Abd al-Rahman. | ||
Contrary to this view, it is mentioned in ''[[Tabaqat al-fuqaha]]'' that al-Yaqtini was among trustworthy persons to Imams (a) and Imam al-Rida (a) sent him to [[hajj]] on his own behalf; and since Imam's (a) proxy in hajj should be a person considered just and trustworthy by Imam (a); assigning him as such by Imam (a) ended all doubts about his trustworthiness. Also, a group believe that with regards to the reason he was considered weak, not all the hadiths he transmitted were to be rejected and that weakness was only about some of the hadiths he transmitted. | Contrary to this view, it is mentioned in ''[[Tabaqat al-fuqaha]]'' that al-Yaqtini was among trustworthy persons to Imams (a) and Imam al-Rida (a) sent him to [[hajj]] on his own behalf; and since Imam's (a) proxy in hajj should be a person considered just and trustworthy by Imam (a); assigning him as such by Imam (a) ended all doubts about his [[Thiqa|trustworthiness]]. Also, a group believe that with regards to the reason he was considered weak, not all the hadiths he transmitted were to be rejected and that weakness was only about some of the hadiths he transmitted. | ||
==Works== | ==Works== | ||
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