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Monasticism: Difference between revisions
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==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
According to some hadiths, the [[Prophet (s)]] considers monasticism in Christianity to be originated in the fact that Christian believers were repeatedly defeated by unjust people and thus they had to hide in deserts and mountains. According to some Qur'anic [[exegete]]s, the [[Qur'an 5]]:87 implies that monasticism is an instance of forbidding divine blessings; hence, it is contrary to Islamic laws and rulings. Moreover, the Qur'an makes it explicit that Christian monasticism was a tradition invented by some people and was never legislated by [[God]]. According to some scholars, Christian monasticism emerged in the third century. | According to some hadiths, the [[Prophet (s)]] considers monasticism in Christianity to be originated in the fact that Christian believers were repeatedly defeated by unjust people and thus they had to hide in deserts and mountains. According to some Qur'anic [[exegete]]s, the [[Qur'an 5]]:87<ref>O you who have faith! Do not prohibit the good things that Allah has made lawful to you, and do not transgress. Indeed Allah does not like the transgressors.</ref> implies that monasticism is an instance of forbidding divine blessings; hence, it is contrary to Islamic laws and rulings. Moreover, the Qur'an makes it explicit that Christian monasticism was a tradition invented by some people and was never legislated by [[God]]. According to some scholars, Christian monasticism emerged in the third century. | ||
Christians who first adopted monasticism characterized their lifestyle as being in the manner of [[Jesus the Christ]] who never married. They also appeal to part of the [[Bible]] in which Jesus (a) told his followers that "others live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it." | Christians who first adopted monasticism characterized their lifestyle as being in the manner of [[Jesus the Christ (a)]] who never married. They also appeal to part of the [[Bible]] in which Jesus (a) told his followers that "others live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it." | ||
==Forbiddance of Monasticism in Islam== | ==Forbiddance of Monasticism in Islam== | ||
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In ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'', [[al-Allama al-Majlisi]] cites over ten hadiths from [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]]'s ''[[al-Amali]]'' and ''[[al-Khisal]]'', as well as ''[[Tafsir al-Qummi]]'' and other [[Shiite]] sources, in which monasticism is prohibited. | In ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'', [[al-Allama al-Majlisi]] cites over ten hadiths from [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]]'s ''[[al-Amali]]'' and ''[[al-Khisal]]'', as well as ''[[Tafsir al-Qummi]]'' and other [[Shiite]] sources, in which monasticism is prohibited. | ||
However, [[Muhammad Jawad Mughniya]] considers the [[Qur'an 5]]:86 to be a praise of Christian monks. | However, [[Muhammad Jawad Mughniya]] considers the [[Qur'an 5]]:86<ref>Surely You will find the most hostile of all people towards the faithful to be the Jews and the polytheists, and surely you will find the nearest of them in affection to the faithful to be those who say ‘We are Christians.’ That is because there are priests and monks among them, and because they are not arrogant.</ref> to be a praise of Christian monks. | ||
==Effect of Monasticism on Sufism== | ==Effect of Monasticism on Sufism== | ||
Some Orientalists as well as Muslim scholars are said to believe that Christian monasticism was a source of [[Sufism]] in Islam. According to scholars such as Zaki Mubarak in [[Egypt]], Muslims considered the doctrines of Jesus the Christ as their instructions and guidelines in spiritual practices. They were familiar with the [[Gospel]], and evidence from the Christian scripture can be found in Islamic work such as Ibn Qutayba's '''Uyun al-akhbar'' as well as [[al-Ghazali]]'s ''al-Ihya ulum al-Din | Some Orientalists as well as Muslim scholars are said to believe that Christian monasticism was a source of [[Sufism]] in Islam. According to scholars such as Zaki Mubarak in [[Egypt]], Muslims considered the doctrines of Jesus the Christ as their instructions and guidelines in spiritual practices. They were familiar with the [[Gospel]], and evidence from the Christian scripture can be found in Islamic work such as Ibn Qutayba's '''Uyun al-akhbar'' as well as [[al-Ghazali]]'s ''al-Ihya ulum al-Din''. Also, Christians who enter the church carrying a book of [[supplication]]s are assimilated to Sufis who enter [[mosque]]s carrying books of [[dhikr]]s. | ||
==Notes== | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
*The material for this article is mainly taken from in {{ia|[[:fa:رهبانیت|رهبانیت]]}} Farsi WikiShia. | *The material for this article is mainly taken from in {{ia|[[:fa:رهبانیت|رهبانیت]]}} Farsi WikiShia. | ||
{{Ethics}} | |||
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