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Zuhd: Difference between revisions
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== Significance == | == Significance == | ||
Zuhd is among important concepts in [[ethics]] and [[mysticism]] and has been | Zuhd is among important concepts in [[ethics]] and [[mysticism]] and has been strongly recommended in religious teachings. In mysticism, it is considered among the stages of spiritual journey. It is also discussed in [[jurisprudence]]; and in the views of some [[jurists]], zuhd is recommended. Jurists give priority to needy Zahids in paying [[zakat]]. In some jurisprudential references, being Zahid is mentioned among the required qualifications of a [[judge]]. It is also said that the ruling issued by a jurist who is more knowledgeable and a better Zahid is superior to the ruling of another jurist in case of disagreement between their rulings. | ||
In some hadiths, the most seemly among people is the highest of them in zuhd. Imam Ali (a) considered it among the primary attributes of leaders. Also, the [[Prophet (s)]] mentioned it the cause of happiness and comfort of people. | In some hadiths, the most seemly among people is the highest of them in zuhd. Imam Ali (a) considered it among the primary attributes of leaders. Also, the [[Prophet (s)]] mentioned it the cause of happiness and comfort of people. | ||
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* '''First level:''' Zahid has inclination toward the world but through spiritual struggle, keeps himself away from it. This is the lowest level of zuhd. | * '''First level:''' Zahid has inclination toward the world but through spiritual struggle, keeps himself away from it. This is the lowest level of zuhd. | ||
* '''Second level:''' Zahid gives up the world voluntarily, but his intention of giving up the world is to reach blessings in the hereafter. In his | * '''Second level:''' Zahid gives up the world voluntarily, but his intention of giving up the world is to reach blessings in the hereafter. In his viewpoint, this world is inconsiderable comparing to the hereafter. In this level, Zahid is like a person who loses one [[dirham]] in order to gain two dirhams. | ||
* '''Third level:''' Zahid gives up this world voluntarily and desirably without thinking that he loses anything. This is the highest level of zuhd. | * '''Third level:''' Zahid gives up this world voluntarily and desirably without thinking that he loses anything. This is the highest level of zuhd. | ||
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== Sufi Views == | == Sufi Views == | ||
Zuhd is considered among the principles of [[Sufism]]. However, the interpretation some Sufis present about zuhd has some differences with the views of Muslims, and their views is closer to monastic view in this regard. In their view, zuhd | Zuhd is considered among the principles of [[Sufism]]. However, the interpretation some Sufis present about zuhd has some differences with the views of Muslims, and their views is closer to monastic view in this regard. In their view, zuhd is close to [[monasticism]] and is interpreted as abandoning the world and considering it as an enemy. It is said that zuhd has been influential in the views of Sufis in their early history. In the government of Imam Ali (a), some withdrew from engaging in politics and government with the excuse of practicing zuhd. | ||
But, the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] did not consider caring about the world and providing the living [[sustenance]] in conflict with zuhd; rather, they considered attachment to the world in conflict with zuhd. In the view of Islam, true Zahids even though having wealth, are uninterested in it. Also, the noble Prophet (s) criticized those who had given up normal life and only practiced [[ascesis]] and [[worship]] and he (s) did not approve them. The Ahl al-Bayt (a) too had a simple life while they had wealth. In hadiths sources, different stories are mentioned about the simplistic lives of the [[Infallible Ones (a)]] and also their giving charity to others. | But, the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] did not consider caring about the world and providing the living [[sustenance]] in conflict with zuhd; rather, they considered attachment to the world in conflict with zuhd. In the view of Islam, true Zahids even though having wealth, are uninterested in it. Also, the noble Prophet (s) criticized those who had given up normal life and only practiced [[ascesis]] and [[worship]] and he (s) did not approve them. The Ahl al-Bayt (a) too had a simple life while they had wealth. In hadiths sources, different stories are mentioned about the simplistic lives of the [[Infallible Ones (a)]] and also their giving charity to others. | ||