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Muhammad b. Tahir al-Samawi al-Najafi: Difference between revisions
Muhammad b. Tahir al-Samawi al-Najafi (view source)
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{{Infobox Shia scholar | {{Infobox Shia scholar | ||
| title =<!--default is the page name--> | | title =<!--default is the page name--> | ||
| image = | | image =شیخ محمد سماوی.jpg | ||
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| Well known relatives = | | Well known relatives = | ||
| Birth = [[Dhu l-Hijja 27]], 1292 | | Birth = [[Dhu l-Hijja 27]], 1292/January 24, 1876 | ||
| Place of Birth = Samawa | | Place of Birth = Samawa | ||
| Place of Residence = Samawa, [[Najaf]] | | Place of Residence = Samawa, [[Najaf]] | ||
| Place of study =Najaf | | Place of study =Najaf | ||
| Death =[[Muharram 2]], 1370 | | Death =[[Muharram 2]], 1370/October 14, 1950 | ||
| Burial place = [[Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)]] | | Burial place = [[Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)]] | ||
| Professors =Aqa Rida Hamadani | | Professors =Aqa Rida Hamadani • Sayyid Muhammad Hindi • Muhammad Taha Najaf • [[Muhammad Hasan Mamaqani]] • [[Shaykh al-Shari'a al-Isfahani]] | ||
| Students = | | Students = | ||
| Permission for hadith transmission from = | | Permission for hadith transmission from = | ||
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| Official website = | | Official website = | ||
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'''Shaykh Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir al-Turkī al-Faḍlī''' (Arabic: {{ia|شیخ محمد بن طاهر التركي الفضلي}}), known as '''al-Samāwī''', was a [[Shiite]] [[mujtahid]], scholar, | '''Shaykh Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir al-Turkī al-Faḍlī''' (Arabic: {{ia|شیخ محمد بن طاهر التركي الفضلي}}), known as '''al-Samāwī''' ({{ia|السماوي}}) , was a [[Shiite]] [[mujtahid]], scholar, judge, man of literature, and poet in the fourteenth/[[twentieth century]]. | ||
Al-Samawi was mainly renowned for his enthusiasm transcribing manuscripts and collecting rare books. He had a rich library containing such books. Al-Samawi died in 1370/1950 in [[Najaf]]. His best-known book is ''[[Ibsar al-'ayn fi ansar al-Husayn]]'' in which he introduces the [[Martyrs of Karbala]]. | Al-Samawi was mainly renowned for his enthusiasm transcribing manuscripts and collecting rare books. He had a rich library containing such books. Al-Samawi died in 1370/1950 in [[Najaf]]. His best-known book is ''[[Ibsar al-'ayn fi ansar al-Husayn]]'' in which he introduces the [[Martyrs of Karbala]]. | ||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
Muhammad al-Samawi was born on [[Dhu l-Hijja 27]], 1292 | Muhammad al-Samawi was born on [[Dhu l-Hijja 27]], 1292/January 24, 1876 in Samawah, a city in Iraq. Because of his birth and residence in Samawah, he came to be known as al-Samawi. | ||
He lost his father at the age of ten. He moved to Najaf in order to study. He learned the preliminaries from his teachers, particularly Shaykh Shukr b. Ahmad al-Baghdadi and Shaykh | He lost his father at the age of ten. He moved to Najaf in order to study. He learned the preliminaries from his teachers, particularly Shaykh Shukr b. Ahmad al-Baghdadi and Shaykh Abd al-Din Ma'tuq al-Qatifi. He learned mathematics from Aqa Rida Isfahani and [[principles of jurisprudence]] from Ali b. Shaykh Baqir al-Jawahiri, [[Aqa Rida Hamadani]], [[Sayyid Muhammad Hindi]], [[Muhammad Taha Najaf]], [[Muhammad Hasan Mamaqani]], and [[Shaykh al-Shari'a al-Isfahani]]. He received [[permissions for ijtihad]] from Shaykh Ali b. Shaykh Baqir al-Jawahiri, Sayyid Muhammad al-Hindi, and [[Sayyid Hasan al-Sadr]]. Al-Samawi stayed in Najaf until 1322/1905 when he returned to his hometown and remained there until 1330/1912. | ||
=== | ===Demise=== | ||
Muhammad al-Samawi died on [[Muharram 2]], 1370 | Muhammad al-Samawi died on [[Muharram 2]], 1370/October 14, 1950. He was buried in Najaf in chamber number seven of the [[Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)]]. | ||
==Positions== | ==Positions== | ||
During his life, al-Samawi held a number of positions: | During his life, al-Samawi held a number of positions: | ||
* He was elected as a member of the provincial assembly for five years. | |||
* For several years, he served as a judge and the [[Sharia ruler]] in [[Baghdad]] and Najaf. However, he resigned after a friction with [[Sayyid Muhammad al-Sadr]]. | |||
* Membership in the National Assembly of [[Iraq]]. | |||
==Transcription of Books== | ==Transcription of Books== | ||
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==Al-Samawi's Library== | ==Al-Samawi's Library== | ||
Shaykh Muhammad al-Samawi's personal library contained the rarest and oldest books and manuscripts. He purchased a house in 'Imara neighborhood and devoted its second floor to different books, some of which were in his own handwriting. He employed a group of people to transcribe books he had failed to obtain copies of, and to help him find and transcribe some contents. His books also included books published out of Iraq, such as books published in Leiden <ref>Leiden is a city in the Netherland known for its old university and Brill Publishers.</ref> and Bulaq <ref>Bulaq is a small port city in Cairo with important publishers in early 19th century, which published Arabic, Persian, and Turkish books</ref>. | Shaykh Muhammad al-Samawi's personal library contained the rarest and oldest books and manuscripts. He purchased a house in al-'Imara neighborhood and devoted its second floor to different books, some of which were in his own handwriting. He employed a group of people to transcribe books he had failed to obtain copies of, and to help him find and transcribe some contents. His books also included books published out of Iraq, such as books published in Leiden <ref>Leiden is a city in the Netherland known for its old university and Brill Publishers.</ref> and Bulaq <ref>Bulaq is a small port city in Cairo with important publishers in early 19th century, which published Arabic, Persian, and Turkish books</ref>. | ||
Al-Samawi's personal library was inherited by his daughter after his death. When the books were put on sale, they were purchased by some prominent scholars. About 450 manuscripts and hundreds of published books were bought by [[Ayatollah Hakim's library]]. Most collections or diwans of poems ended up in personal libraries. | Al-Samawi's personal library was inherited by his daughter after his death. When the books were put on sale, they were purchased by some prominent scholars. About 450 manuscripts and hundreds of published books were bought by [[Ayatollah Hakim's library]]. Most collections or diwans of poems ended up in personal libraries. | ||
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*''[[Ibsar al-'ayn fi ansar al-Husayn]]'' is the best-known work by al-Samawi concerning the [[companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)]] before and during the [[Battle of Karbala]], including the martyrs and the injured. | *''[[Ibsar al-'ayn fi ansar al-Husayn]]'' is the best-known work by al-Samawi concerning the [[companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)]] before and during the [[Battle of Karbala]], including the martyrs and the injured. | ||
*''Al-Tali'a fi shu'ara' al-shi'a''. | |||
*''Al-Tali'a fi shu'ara' al-shi'a'' | *''Zarfat al-ahlam fima nuzima fi l-manam''. | ||
*''Al-Kawakib al-samawiyya fi sharh al-qasida al-farazdaqiyya''. | |||
*''Zarfat al-ahlam fima nuzima fi l-manam'' | *''Shajarat al-riyad fi madh al-nabi al-fayyad''. | ||
*''Al-Kawakib al-samawiyya fi sharh al-qasida al-farazdaqiyya'' | |||
*''Shajarat al-riyad fi madh al-nabi al-fayyad'' | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||