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Sa'sa'a b. Sawhan: Difference between revisions
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| Martyrdom = In the reign of Mu'awiya, around 70/689 | | Martyrdom = In the reign of Mu'awiya, around 70/689 | ||
| Cause of Martyrdom = | | Cause of Martyrdom = | ||
| Burial place = In the city of Askar in Bahrain, there is a grave attributed to him | | Burial place = In the city of Askar in [[Bahrain]], there is a grave attributed to him | ||
| Professors = | | Professors = | ||
| Students = | | Students = | ||
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| Activities = | | Activities = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Ṣa'ṣa'a b. Ṣawḥān''' (Arabic:{{ia|صعصة بن صوحان}}) was a [[companion of Imam Ali (a)]] who was present in battles of [[Jamal]], [[Siffin]], and [[Nahrawan]]. Sa'sa'a was a skilled orator. He deployed his skill to defend [[Imam Ali (a)]] and criticize [[Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan]]. Imam Ali (a) has characterized Sa'sa'a as a great companion of his. [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] referred to him as one of the few people who rightfully knew Imam Ali (a). | '''Ṣa'ṣa'a b. Ṣawḥān''' (Arabic:{{ia|صعصة بن صوحان}}) was a [[companion of Imam Ali (a)]] who was present in battles of [[Jamal]], [[Battle of Siffin|Siffin]], and [[Nahrawan]]. Sa'sa'a was a skilled orator. He deployed his skill to defend [[Imam Ali (a)]] and criticize [[Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan]]. Imam Ali (a) has characterized Sa'sa'a as a great companion of his. [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] referred to him as one of the few people who rightfully knew Imam Ali (a). | ||
==Lineage== | ==Lineage== | ||
Sa'sa'a b. Sawhan was from Abd al-Qays tribe. He was born near [[Qatif]] and then he moved to [[Kufa]]. Thus, he came to be known as "Kufi" as well. Sa'sa'a's [[ | Sa'sa'a b. Sawhan was from Abd al-Qays tribe. He was born near [[Qatif]] and then he moved to [[Kufa]]. Thus, he came to be known as "Kufi" as well. Sa'sa'a's [[teknonym]] was Abu Talha. [[Zayd b. Sawhan|Zayd]] and Sayhan were his brothers and both were [[Shi'a]]s of Imam Ali (a). | ||
==In the Period of Caliphs== | ==In the Period of Caliphs== | ||
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===Presence in Jamal, Siffin, and Nahrawan=== | ===Presence in Jamal, Siffin, and Nahrawan=== | ||
Sa'sa'a was present in battles that took place in the period of Imam Ali's (a) government. In the Battle of Jamal, his brother Sayhan was the flag-holder of Abd al-Qays tribe. After [[Sayhan]]'s [[martyrdom]], his other brother, Zayd, became the flag-holder, and after Zayd's death, Sa'sa'a himself held the flag. | Sa'sa'a was present in battles that took place in the period of Imam Ali's (a) government. In the [[Battle of Jamal]], his brother Sayhan was the flag-holder of Abd al-Qays tribe. After [[Sayhan]]'s [[martyrdom]], his other brother, Zayd, became the flag-holder, and after Zayd's death, Sa'sa'a himself held the flag. | ||
In the [[Battle of Siffin]], Sa'sa'a was the commander of Abd al-Qays tribe in Kufa. Prior to the commence of the war, Mu'awiya's army gained dominion over water and blocked Imam Ali's (a) army from any access to it. Imam Ali (a) sent Sa'sa'a to Mu'awiya for negotiations. | In the [[Battle of Siffin]], Sa'sa'a was the commander of Abd al-Qays tribe in Kufa. Prior to the commence of the war, Mu'awiya's army gained dominion over water and blocked Imam Ali's (a) army from any access to it. Imam Ali (a) sent Sa'sa'a to Mu'awiya for negotiations. | ||
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===Intercession for Mundhir b. Jarud=== | ===Intercession for Mundhir b. Jarud=== | ||
According to ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'', [[Mundhir b. Jarud]] was appointed as the head of an area by Imam Ali (a), but he illegally took out money from [[Bayt al-Mal]] (the treasury). So he was imprisoned by Imam Ali, but after Sa'sa'as intercession, he was released. According to ''[[al-Gharat]]'', Sa'sa'a told Imam Ali, "Mundhir b. Jarud's sister cries for him every day. Release him and I will warrant what he has taken from Bayt al-Mal." Imam Ali (a) replied, "There is no need for the warrant. If he takes an [[oath]] to the effect that he did not take the money, I will release him." | According to ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'', [[Mundhir b. Jarud]] was appointed as the head of an area by Imam Ali (a), but he illegally took out money from [[Bayt al-Mal]] (the treasury). So he was imprisoned by Imam Ali (a), but after Sa'sa'as intercession, he was released. According to ''[[al-Gharat]]'', Sa'sa'a told Imam Ali (a), "Mundhir b. Jarud's sister cries for him every day. Release him and I will warrant what he has taken from Bayt al-Mal." Imam Ali (a) replied, "There is no need for the warrant. If he takes an [[oath]] to the effect that he did not take the money, I will release him." | ||
[[file:مسجد صعصعه.jpg|thumbnail|250px|The [[mosque of Sa'sa'a]] in [[Kufa]]]] | [[file:مسجد صعصعه.jpg|thumbnail|250px|The [[mosque of Sa'sa'a]] in [[Kufa]]]] | ||
==Opposition to Mu'awiya== | ==Opposition to Mu'awiya== | ||
According to [[al-Kashshi]] in ''[[Ma'rifat al-rijal]]'', in the story of [[Imam al-Hasan]]'s (a) | According to [[al-Kashshi]] in ''[[Ma'rifat al-rijal]]'', in the story of [[Imam al-Hasan]]'s (a) [[Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)|Peace Treaty]] with [[Mu'awiya]], Sa'sa'a was one of the people for whom the Imam (a) received a safe conduct from Mu'awiya. After the peace treaty, Mu'awiya met Sa'sa'a in Kufa and told him, "I swear to God that I did not like to give you a safe conduct." Sa'sa'a said, "I swear to God that I did not like to call you like this," and then he called Mu'awiya "the Caliph." Mu'awiya said, "If you are honest in my recognition as the caliph, then climb the [[pulpit]] and then [[curse]] Ali." Sa'sa'a climbed the pulpit and after praising God, said the following structurally ambiguous sentence, "O people! I have just met a man (i.e. Mu'awiya) who has commanded me to curse Ali. So, curse him." | ||
According to a report by [[ | According to a report by [[Ibn A'tham al-Kufi]], Mu'awiya told prominent figures of [[Kufa]], "Why do you think I have given you amnesty despite your follies, and despite the fact that you deserved to be punished? May God bless [[Abu Sufyan]] who was tolerant, and if all people were his children, they would become tolerant too." Sa'sa'a said, "O Mu'awiya! I swear to God that these people are children of people better than Abu Sufyan, and the number of foolish people from Abu Sufyan's progeny is greater than the tolerant ones." | ||
==Skillful Orator== | ==Skillful Orator== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/ | * The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/صعصعة_بن_صوحان {{ia|صعصعة بن صوحان}}] in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
{{Companions of Imam 'Ali (a)}} | {{Companions of Imam 'Ali (a)}} | ||
<onlyinclude>{{Editorial Box | <onlyinclude>{{Editorial Box | ||
| priority = | | priority = b | ||
| quality = | | quality = b | ||
| links = done | | links = done | ||
| photo = done | | photo = done | ||