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Al-Mushaf al-'Uthmani: Difference between revisions
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There have allegedly been four manuscripts of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani. Each mushaf was sent to an important city in the Islamic world as a standard for the recitation of the Qur'an. None of these original Uthmani Mushafs is available today. However, many manuscripts were produced as their copies, and printed volumes of the Qur'an today are based on these manuscripts. | There have allegedly been four manuscripts of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani. Each mushaf was sent to an important city in the Islamic world as a standard for the recitation of the Qur'an. None of these original Uthmani Mushafs is available today. However, many manuscripts were produced as their copies, and printed volumes of the Qur'an today are based on these manuscripts. | ||
==Formation of Mushafs== | ==Formation of Mushafs== | ||
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==Time of Compilation== | ==Time of Compilation== | ||
There is a disagreement over when al-Mushaf al-Uthmani was compiled. According to Ibn al-Hajar al-Asqalani, a [[Shafi'i]] [[muhaddith]] of eighth/fourteenth and ninth/fifteenth centuries, the compilation took place in 25/646, but according to Ibn al-Athir, a historian of sixth/twelfth and seventh/thirteenth centuries, it took place in 30/651. Some scholars of [[Quranic sciences]] have cited certain evidence to show that the latter view is inaccurate. One piece of evidence is that [[Sa'id b. al-As]], one of the four compilers of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani, was not present in [[Mecca]] from 30/651 to 34/655. | There is a disagreement over when al-Mushaf al-Uthmani was compiled. According to Ibn al-Hajar al-'Asqalani, a [[Shafi'i]] [[muhaddith]] of eighth/fourteenth and ninth/fifteenth centuries, the compilation took place in 25/646<ref>Maʿrifat, ''Al-Tamhīd'', vol. 1, pp. 343.</ref>, but according to Ibn al-Athir, a historian of sixth/twelfth and seventh/thirteenth centuries, it took place in 30/651<ref>Rāmyār, Maḥmūd. ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''; p. 433; Maʿrifat, ''al-Tamhīd'', vol. 1, pp. 343.</ref>. Some scholars of [[Quranic sciences]] have cited certain evidence to show that the latter view is inaccurate<ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''; p. 433; Maʿrifat, ''al-Tamhīd'', vol. 1, pp. 344-45.</ref>. One piece of evidence is that [[Sa'id b. al-'As]], one of the four compilers of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani, was not present in [[Mecca]] from 30/651 to 34/655. | ||
Thus, in their view, the compilation of the Qur'an began in 25/646 or in late 24/645 and early 25/646, and was finished in 30/655. | Thus, in their view, the compilation of the Qur'an began in 25/646<ref>Maʿrifat, ''al-Tamhīd'', vol. 1, pp. 345.</ref> or in late 24/645 and early 25/646<ref><ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 433, 435.</ref>, and was finished in 30/655<ref><ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 435.</ref>. | ||
==Compilers== | ==Compilers== | ||
There are different accounts of who was in charge of the compilation of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani. On one account, only [[Zayd b. Thabit]] was in charge, but on another account, he and Sa'id b. al-As were involved in the work. On another account, the group consisted of the latter two in addition to [[Ubayy b. Ka'b|Ubayy]]. Yet there are also accounts that take five people or twelve people from the [[Quraysh]] and the [[Helpers]] to be in charge of the compilation. | There are different accounts of who was in charge of the compilation of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani. On one account, only [[Zayd b. Thabit]] was in charge, but on another account, he and Sa'id b. al-As were involved in the work. On another account, the group consisted of the latter two in addition to [[Ubayy b. Ka'b|Ubayy]]<ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 417.</ref>. Yet there are also accounts that take five people or twelve people from the [[Quraysh]] and the [[Helpers]] to be in charge of the compilation<ref><ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 419.</ref>. | ||
Some people take the most reliable account to be the one provided by [[Anas b. Malik]] and Aslam, an emancipated slave of [[Umar b. Khattab]], who cooperated with the compilation group. On this account, four people were in charge of the compilation: Zayd b. Thabit, [[Abd Allah b. Zubayr]], Sa'id b. al-As, and Abd al-Rahman b. Harith. [[Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat]], a scholar of Quranic sciences and the author of ''[[al-Tamhid fi 'ulum al-Qur'an]]'', explains the account on which twelve people were involved as follows: the four people could not accomplish such a heavy task on their own; thus, they asked for the help of other people such as [[Abd Allah b. Abbas]] and Anas b. Malik as well. | Some people take the most reliable account to be the one provided by [[Anas b. Malik]] and Aslam, an emancipated slave of [[Umar b. Khattab]], who cooperated with the compilation group<ref>See: Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 417.</ref>. On this account, four people were in charge of the compilation: Zayd b. Thabit, [[Abd Allah b. Zubayr]], Sa'id b. al-As, and Abd al-Rahman b. Harith<ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 417</ref>.. [[Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat]], a scholar of Quranic sciences and the author of ''[[al-Tamhid fi 'ulum al-Qur'an]]'', explains the account on which twelve people were involved as follows: the four people could not accomplish such a heavy task on their own; thus, they asked for the help of other people such as [[Abd Allah b. Abbas]] and Anas b. Malik as well. | ||
[[Zayd b. Thabit]] was the head and supervisor of the group. He was from the Helpers and was trusted by Uthman and was in charge of the [[Treasury]] (Bayt al-Mal). The other three people were all from the Quraysh and were Uthman's sons in law. [[Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], a prominent companion of the Prophet (s), objected to the choice of people. He objected to the headship of Zayd b. Thabit by saying: "the compilation of the Qur'an is assigned to someone who was not still born when I converted to Islam". | [[Zayd b. Thabit]] was the head and supervisor of the group. He was from the Helpers and was trusted by Uthman and was in charge of the [[Treasury]] (Bayt al-Mal). The other three people were all from the Quraysh and were Uthman's sons in law. [[Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], a prominent companion of the Prophet (s), objected to the choice of people. He objected to the headship of Zayd b. Thabit by saying: "the compilation of the Qur'an is assigned to someone who was not still born when I converted to Islam". | ||