Anonymous user
Madyan (tribe): Difference between revisions
m
references added
imported>E.amini m (part of references added) |
imported>E.amini m (references added) |
||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
== Genealogy == | == Genealogy == | ||
Madyan was a tribe from Arab race. The word "Madyan" is mentioned ten times in the [[Qur'an]], some cases of which refer to Madyan tribe and other cases refer to the [[city of Madyan]]. About the lineage of Madyan tribe, there are different opinions: | Madyan was a tribe from Arab race <ref>Balaghi, ''Hujjat al-tafasir'', p. 267.</ref>. The word "Madyan" is mentioned ten times in the [[Qur'an]]<ref>Qurashi, ''Qamus al-Qur'an'', vol. 6, p. 245.</ref>, some cases of which refer to Madyan tribe<ref>Al-Husayni al-Shirazi, ''Tabyin al-Qur'an'', p. 243.</ref> and other cases refer to the [[city of Madyan]]<ref>For instance: Qur'an 11: 84</ref>. About the lineage of Madyan tribe, there are different opinions: | ||
=== Midian b. Abraham (a) === | === Midian b. Abraham (a) === | ||
According to explicit text of the [[Torah]] and some Islamic sources, after the demise of [[Sarah]], Prophet Abraham (a) married another woman and had children from her. One of his children was Madyan (Midian). Midian married daughter of [[Prophet Lot (a)]] and their progeny continued. Some researchers and historians considered Madyan tribe attributed with this person. | According to explicit text of the [[Torah]]<ref>Genesis 25:1</ref> and some Islamic sources<ref>Burujirdi, ''Tafsir jami'''', vol. 2, p. 432.</ref>, after the demise of [[Sarah]], Prophet Abraham (a) married another woman and had children from her. One of his children was Madyan (Midian). Midian married daughter of [[Prophet Lot (a)]] and their progeny continued<ref>Al-Tabrisi, ''Tafsir jawami', vol. 1, p. 451.</ref>. Some researchers and historians considered Madyan tribe attributed with this person. | ||
=== Prophet Isma'il (a)=== | === Prophet Isma'il (a)=== | ||
Some researchers considered Madyan tribe from the progeny of Prophet Isma'il (a). | Some researchers considered Madyan tribe from the progeny of Prophet Isma'il (a)<ref>Makarim Shirazi, ''Tafsir nimuna'', vol. 9, p. 200.</ref>. | ||
=== Madyan b. Midian b. Abraham (a) === | === Madyan b. Midian b. Abraham (a) === | ||
Ibn Kathir considered Madyan tribe from the progeny of Madyan b. Midian b. Abraham (a). | Ibn Kathir considered Madyan tribe from the progeny of Madyan b. Midian b. Abraham (a)<ref>Ibn al-Kathir, ''al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya'', vol. 1, p. 185.</ref>. | ||
== Place of Living == | == Place of Living == | ||
{{Main|Madyan (city)}} | {{Main|Madyan (city)}} | ||
Madyan tribe lived in the city of Madyan and the name of the city is adopted from the name of the tribe. This city is considered to be located in the east coast of the Gulf of 'Aqaba and was developed and green. This city was near Tabuk region, near the city of [[Lot tribe]]. [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] considered Madyan a village which had no more than forty houses. | Madyan tribe lived in the city of Madyan and the name of the city is adopted from the name of the tribe<ref>Yaqut al-Hamawi, ''Mu'jam al-buldan'', vol. 5, p. 77.</ref>. This city is considered to be located in the east coast of the Gulf of 'Aqaba<ref>Makarim Shirazi, ''Tafsir nimuna'', vol. 9, p. 200.</ref> and was developed and green. This city was near Tabuk region<ref>Yaqut al-Hamawi, ''Mu'jam al-buldan'', vol. 1, p. 291.</ref>, near the city of [[Lot tribe]]<ref>Qurashi, ''Qamus al-Qur'an'', vol. 6, p. 245.</ref>. [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] considered Madyan a village which had no more than forty houses<ref>Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, ''Kamal al-din wa tamam al-ni'ma'', vol. 1, p. 220.</ref>. | ||
Some researchers considered this city among the cities of [[Syria]] and considered it possible that the present city of | Some researchers considered this city among the cities of [[Syria]] <ref>Makarim Shirazi, ''Tafsir nimuna'', vol. 6, p. 249.</ref>and considered it possible that the present city of Ma'an in [[Jordan]]<ref>Qurashi, ''Qamus al-Qur'an'', vol. 6, p. 245.</ref> has been built over it<ref>Balaghi, ''Hujjat al-tafasir'', p. 267.</ref>. Some others believe that Madyan was located in the present [[Saudi Arabia|Arabia]]<ref>Dehkhoda, ''Dehkhoda Dictionary'', under the word Madyan.</ref>. | ||
== The Prophet == | == The Prophet == | ||
For guiding Madyan tribe, God chose [[Prophet Shu'ayb (a)]]. Shu'ayb was a man in Madyan tribe. | For guiding Madyan tribe, [[God]] chose [[Prophet Shu'ayb (a)]]<ref>Qur'an 7: 85</ref>. Shu'ayb was a man in Madyan tribe<ref>Fakhr al-Razi, ''Mafatih al-ghayb'', vol. 14, p. 313.</ref>. | ||
Prophet Shu'ayb (a) preached divine religion among his tribe for years and invited them to [[monotheism]], equity, justness in transaction, avoiding corruption on the earth and fearing the punishment in the [[hereafter]]. | Prophet Shu'ayb (a) preached divine religion among his tribe for years and invited them to [[monotheism]]<ref>Qur'an 7: 85.</ref>, equity, justness in transaction<ref>Qur'an 7: 85.</ref>, avoiding corruption on the earth<ref>Qur'an 29:36.</ref> and fearing the punishment in the [[hereafter]]<ref>Qur'an 11:84.</ref>. | ||
== Presence of Prophet Moses (a) == | == Presence of Prophet Moses (a) == | ||
According to the explicit text of the Qur'an and the [[Torah]], after escaping from [[Egypt]], Prophet Moses (a) went to Madyan. Prophet Moses (a) married Shu'ayb's daughter in Madyan and was occupied in shepherding for years in Madyan tribe. | According to the explicit text of the Qur'an<ref>Qur'an 28:22</ref> and the [[Torah]]<ref>Excile 2:15.</ref>, after escaping from [[Egypt]], Prophet Moses (a) went to Madyan. Prophet Moses (a) married Shu'ayb's daughter in Madyan<ref>Qur'an 28:27-28</ref> and was occupied in shepherding for years in Madyan tribe<ref> Excile 1:1.</ref>. | ||
Madyan tribe fought [[Banu Israel]] in some periods of its history. In the book of Judges from the [[Hebrew Bible]], stories of the fights between Midianites (Madyan tribe) and [[Israelites]] are mentioned, when Israelites defeated Midianites after years of failure and humiliation. | Madyan tribe fought [[Banu Israel]] in some periods of its history. In the book of Judges from the [[Hebrew Bible]], stories of the fights between Midianites (Madyan tribe) and [[Israelites]] are mentioned, when Israelites defeated Midianites after years of failure and humiliation<ref>Book of Judges chapter 6-8.</ref>. | ||
== Divine Punishment == | == Divine Punishment == | ||
In [[Qur'an 7]], God reports the conversation between Prophet Shu'ayb (a) and his dissidents. Many [[polytheists]] refused Shu'ayb's (a) invitation and were finally inflicted with [[divine punishment]]. According to [[verse]]s of the Qur'an, Madyan tribe was destructed by an earthquake and its people fell dead in their houses as if they never lived in that city. | In [[Qur'an 7]], God reports the conversation between Prophet Shu'ayb (a) and his dissidents. Many [[polytheists]] refused Shu'ayb's (a) invitation and were finally inflicted with [[divine punishment]]<ref>Makarim Shirazi, ''Tafsir nimuna'', vol. 12, p. 112.</ref>. According to [[verse]]s of the Qur'an, Madyan tribe was destructed by an earthquake<ref>Qur'an 7:91.</ref> and its people fell dead in their houses as if they never lived in that city<ref>Qur'an 7:91.</ref>. | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||