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Sura Hud: Difference between revisions
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*'''Naming''' | *'''Naming''' | ||
The sura is called "Hud" because it involves a detailed narration of the life story of Hud (a), the prophet of the People of 'Ad in verses | The sura is called "Hud" because it involves a detailed narration of the life story of Prophet Hud (a), the prophet of the People of 'Ad in verses fifty to sixty, it mentions "Hud" five times, and it points to the story of the People of 'Ad. | ||
*'''Order and Place of Revelation''' | *'''Order and Place of Revelation''' | ||
Sura Hud is a [[Makki sura]] of the Qur'an. In the [[order of revelation]], it is the fifty second sura revealed to the [[Prophet (s)]]. In the present order of compilation, it is the eleventh sura in the twelfth [[juz']] of the Qur'an. | Sura Hud is a [[Makki sura]] of the Qur'an. In the [[order of revelation]], it is the fifty second sura [[revealed]] to the [[Prophet (s)]]. In the present order of compilation, it is the eleventh sura in the twelfth [[juz']] of the Qur'an. | ||
*'''Number of Verses and Other Features''' | *'''Number of Verses and Other Features''' | ||
Sura Hud has 123 verses, 1948 words, and 7820 letters. With respect to size, it counts as one of the Mi'un suras, which occupies about two-third of one juz' of the Qur'an. Sura Hud is the fifth sura opening with [[disjoined letters]]. | Sura Hud has 123 verses, 1948 words, and 7820 letters. With respect to size, it counts as one of the Mi'un suras, which occupies about two-third of one [[juz']] of the Qur'an. Sura Hud is the fifth sura opening with [[disjoined letters]]. | ||
==Content== | ==Content== | ||
The first four [[verse]]s of Sura Hud are said to contain all | The first four [[verse]]s of Sura Hud are said to contain all Qur'anic teachings in a nutshell, which are then elaborated throughout the rest of the sura. Sura Hud warns and gives good tidings by reference to God's tradition about His servants and stories of past names, such as [[people of Noah]], [[people of Hud|Hud]], [[people of Salih|Salih]], and the like, and what happened to them as a consequence of their rejection of the divine call. Other themes of the sura include divine teachings such as [[monotheism]], [[prophethood]], [[resurrection]], and God's promises to [[believers]] and righteous people. | ||
Contents of Sura Hud can be summarized as follows: | Contents of Sura Hud can be summarized as follows: | ||
*Stories of prophets ([[Noah (a)]], [[Hud (a)]], [[Salih (a)]], [[Lot (a)]], [[Shu'ayb (a)]], [[Abraham (a)]], and [[Moses (a)]]) | *Stories of prophets ([[Noah (a)]], [[Hud (a)]], [[Salih (a)]], [[Lot (a)]], [[Shu'ayb (a)]], [[Abraham (a)]], and [[Moses (a)]]). | ||
*The battle against corruptions and deviations, and steadfastness on the right path | *The battle against corruptions and deviations, and steadfastness on the right path. | ||
*The truth of the [[Revelation]] and the [[Qur'an]], its greatness, glory, and miracle, and its [[tahaddi]] or challenge | *The truth of the [[Revelation]] and the [[Qur'an]], its greatness, glory, and miracle, and its [[tahaddi]] or challenge. | ||
*God's knowledge of everything, and the test of human beings in the course of their perfection and the selection of the best. | *God's knowledge of everything, and the test of human beings in the course of their perfection and the selection of the best. | ||
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*The story of the [[People of 'Ad]]: Hud's mission, conversations with people, the punishment of the People of 'Ad. (Verses 50-60) | *The story of the [[People of 'Ad]]: Hud's mission, conversations with people, the punishment of the People of 'Ad. (Verses 50-60) | ||
*The story of the [[People of Thamud]]: Salih's mission, conversations with people, the miracle of the [[She-Camel]], the camel being slaughtered, the punishment of the People of Thamud. (Verses 61-68) | *The story of the [[People of Thamud]]: Salih's mission, conversations with people, the miracle of the [[She-Camel of Salih (a)|She-Camel]], the camel being slaughtered, the punishment of the People of Thamud. (Verses 61-68) | ||
*The story of the [[People of Lot]]: [[angel]]s visiting Abraham (a), Abraham's fear and the good tidings of [[Isaac (a)]], Abraham's conversation with angels about the People of Lot, the angels visiting Lot, the requests of the People of Lot about the angels and Lot's response, Lot abandoning his people, Lot leaving his wife with the people, the punishment of the People of Lot with stones falling from the sky. (Verses 69-83) | *The story of the [[People of Lot]]: [[angel]]s visiting Abraham (a), Abraham's fear and the good tidings of [[Isaac (a)]], Abraham's conversation with angels about the People of Lot, the angels visiting Lot, the requests of the People of Lot about the angels and Lot's response, Lot abandoning his people, Lot leaving his wife with the people, the punishment of the People of Lot with stones falling from the sky. (Verses 69-83) | ||
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==The Occasion of the Revelation of Some Verses== | ==The Occasion of the Revelation of Some Verses== | ||
===God's Knowledge of People's Hearts=== | ===God's Knowledge of People's Hearts=== | ||
The [[occasion of the revelation]] of verse five of Sura Hud is said to be as follows: the verse revealed about Akhnas b. Shariq who was friendly and sweet in his encounters with the [[Prophet (s)]], although he concealed an animus towards the Prophet (s) in his heart. | The [[occasion of the revelation]] of verse five of Sura Hud; "Look! They fold up their breasts to hide [their secret feelings] from Him. Look! When they draw their cloaks over their heads, He knows whatever they keep secret and whatever they disclose." is said to be as follows: the verse revealed about Akhnas b. Shariq who was friendly and sweet in his encounters with the [[Prophet (s)]], although he concealed an animus towards the Prophet (s) in his heart. | ||
===Sins Annulled by Good Deeds=== | ===Sins Annulled by Good Deeds=== | ||
The occasion of the revelation of the verse 114 of Sura Hud is said to be as follows: a man went to the Prophet (s) and said, "on the other side of the city I was tempted by [[Satan]] to harass a woman and I sinned, but no sexual penetration took place; now I have come to you so that you enforce the divine punishment (or hadd) on me." The Prophet (s) did not respond, and the man returned. Then, this verse was revealed. The Prophet (s) summoned the man and then told him to perform a [[wudu']] and say [[prayer]]s with him as a [[kaffara]] (or expiation) for his [[sin]]. A person asked the Prophet (s) if the ruling was specific to this person, and the Prophet (s) replied, "no, it generalizes to all Muslims." | The occasion of the revelation of the verse 114 of Sura Hud; "Indeed good deeds efface misdeeds. That is an admonition for the mindful." is said to be as follows: a man went to the Prophet (s) and said, "on the other side of the city I was tempted by [[Satan]] to harass a woman and I sinned, but no sexual penetration took place; now I have come to you so that you enforce the divine punishment (or hadd) on me." The Prophet (s) did not respond, and the man returned. Then, this verse was revealed. The Prophet (s) summoned the man and then told him to perform a [[wudu']] and say [[prayer]]s with him as a [[kaffara]] (or expiation) for his [[sin]]. A person asked the Prophet (s) if the ruling was specific to this person, and the Prophet (s) replied, "no, it generalizes to all Muslims." | ||
==Well-Known Verses== | ==Well-Known Verses== | ||
Well-known verses of Sura Hud consist in the verse thirteen concerning the challenge or tahaddi of the Qur'an, the Verse of Baqiyyat Allah (verse 86), and the verse 114 concerning the [[ | Well-known verses of Sura Hud consist in the verse thirteen concerning the challenge or tahaddi of the Qur'an, the Verse of Baqiyyat Allah (verse 86), and the verse 114 concerning the [[Expiation of Sins|annulment of sins by good deeds]]. | ||
===Al-Tahaddi Verse (13)=== | ===Al-Tahaddi Verse (13)=== | ||
{{Main|Al-Tahaddi Verse}} | |||
{{centered pull quote | |||
|{{center|{{ia|'''أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ ۖ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِعَشْرِ سُوَرٍ مِّثْلِهِ مُفْتَرَيَاتٍ وَادْعُوا مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتُم مِّن دُونِ اللَّـهِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ'''}}}} | |||
'''Do they say, ‘He has fabricated it?’ Say, ‘Then bring ten suras like it, fabricated, and invoke whomever you can, besides Allah, should you be truthful.''' | |||
|source = Qur'an 11:13}} | |||
The verse is said to be a response to [[disbeliever]]s who claimed that the Qur'an was falsely attributed to God. In response, the Qur'an challenges them to bring ten suras like those of the Qur'an and then attribute them to God if they think the attribution is false. | The verse is said to be a response to [[disbeliever]]s who claimed that the Qur'an was falsely attributed to God. In response, the Qur'an challenges them to bring ten suras like those of the Qur'an and then attribute them to God if they think the attribution is false. | ||
===The Verse of Baqiyyat Allah (86)=== | ===The Verse of Baqiyyat Allah (86)=== | ||
{{Main|Baqiyyatullah}} | {{Main|Baqiyyatullah}} | ||
In [[Shiite]] books of [[hadith]]s, " | {{centered pull quote | ||
|{{center|{{ia|'''بَقِيَّتُ اللَّـهِ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۚ وَمَا أَنَا عَلَيْكُم بِحَفِيظٍ'''}}}} | |||
'''What remains of Allah’s provision is better for you, should you be faithful, and I am not a keeper over you.''' | |||
|source = Qur'an 11:86}} | |||
The verse is said to indicate that a healthy economy is the second most important thing after the belief in [[monotheism]]. On this interpretation, the collapse of the economic system is the origin of extensive corruptions in a society. The term, "Baqiyyat Allah" (remains from God), is used to refer to small [[halal]] interests because God commands such interest, or because the divine blessings remain, or because it refers to the spiritual rewards that remain forever. | |||
In [[Shiite]] books of [[hadith]]s, "Baqiyyat Allah" is interpreted as referring to [[Imams of the Shia]]. [[Al-Majlisi]] cites [[Ibn Shahrashub]]'s ''[[Manaqib Al Abi Talib (book)|al-Manaqib]]'' as saying that the Verse of Baqiyyat Allah was revealed about the [[Imams]]. There is another hadith cited in ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' according to which [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] addressed people who closed the gate of their city to him and referred to himself as "Baqiyyat Allah." [[Al-Tabrisi]] cites a hadith from [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] according to which "Baqiyyat Allah" refers to [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]] who will appear. According to Shiite hadiths, when Imam al-Mahdi (a) [[Reappearance of Imam al-Mahdi (a)|reappears]], he will recite the verse of Baqiyyat Allah. | |||
===The Verse of the Annulment of Sins by Good Deeds (114)=== | ===The Verse of the Annulment of Sins by Good Deeds (114)=== | ||
The command to the [[prayer]] and steadfastness in verses 114 and 115 of Sura Hud is taken to be a command to the best | {{Main|Expiation of Sins}} | ||
{{centered pull quote | |||
|{{center|{{ia|'''وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِّنَ اللَّيْلِ ۚ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ذِكْرَىٰ لِلذَّاكِرِينَ'''}}}} | |||
'''Maintain the prayer at the two ends of the day, and during the early hours of the night. Indeed good deeds efface misdeeds. That is an admonition for the mindful.''' | |||
|source = Qur'an 11:114}} | |||
The command to the [[prayer]] and steadfastness in verses 114 and 115 of Sura Hud is taken to be a command to the best [[worship]]s and moral virtues, constituting the core of the [[faith]] and the foundations of Islam. Quranic [[exegete]]s take the phrase, "And establish prayer at the two ends of the day and at the approach of the night," to refer to the obligation of saying all [[obligatory prayers]] in the shortest possible words. | |||
Al-Tabrisi quotes [[Ibn 'Abbas]] as saying that the five prayers annul or do away with sins committed by the person between one prayer and the next, taking the | Al-Tabrisi quotes [[Ibn 'Abbas]] as saying that the five prayers annul or do away with sins committed by the person between one prayer and the next, taking the "al" in "al-hasanat" as a definite article, which refers to the prayer. | ||
[[Muhammad Jawad | [[Muhammad Jawad Mughniya]], the author of [[al-Kashif]], cites the above remark by al-Tabrisi according to which the five prayers annul sins, and then considers it as irrational and implausible, because there is no religious, rational, or legal connection among rulings and obligations. In other words, to comply with a ruling, be it an obligation or a prohibition, has nothing to do with compliance with or disobedience of another ruling. The saying that the prayer annuls sins, he suggests, means that the goodness of the prayer is so tremendous that when one's good deeds and bad deeds are put on a scale, the good deeds will outweigh the bad deeds, provided that the bad deeds do not involve [[Major Sins]] or violations of people's rights. | ||
==Jurisprudential Verses== | ==Jurisprudential Verses== | ||
The verse 114 of Sura Hud is considered as a [[jurisprudential | The verse 114 of Sura Hud is considered as a [[jurisprudential verses]] because it determines the times of obligatory prayers. In this verse, "the two ends of the day" is interpreted as referring to the times of [[Morning prayer|Morning]] and [[Maghrib prayer]]s, and "the approach of the night" as referring to the time of [[Isha' prayer]]. Thus, it determines the times of three out of [[five daily prayers]], and the times of other prayers are specified in other Qur'anic verses. | ||
==Merits and Benefits== | ==Merits and Benefits== | ||
The Prophet (s) is quoted as saying that if one recites Sura Hud, he will be | The Prophet (s) is quoted as saying that if one recites Sura Hud, he will be [[reward]]ed ten times greater than the number of people who believed in Noah (a) or denied him, as well as the number of the believers and deniers of [[Hud (a)]], [[Salih (a)]], [[Shu'ayb (a)]], [[Lot (a)]], [[Abraham (a)]], and [[Moses (a)]], and he will be happy on the [[day of resurrection]]. [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] is also quoted as saying that if one recites the sura on every [[Friday]], he will be resurrected among the [[prophets]] and his [[sin]]s will not be shown to him. | ||
In ''[[al-Burhan]]'', certain effects are attributed to the sura, such as the increase in one's bodily power and the achievement of one's needs. | In ''[[al-Burhan]]'', certain effects are attributed to the sura, such as the increase in one's bodily power and the achievement of one's needs. | ||
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