Abraham (a): Difference between revisions

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 In a number of Quranic verses, Abraham's prophethood and his invitation to monotheism are mentioned.<ref>Qurʾān 19:41-48, Qurʾān 21:51-57, Qurʾān 26:69-82, Qurʾān 37:83-100, Qurʾān 43:26,27, Qurʾān 60:4, Qurʾān 29:16-25</ref> Moreover, verse thirty five of [[Qur'an 46]] talks about [[Ulu l-'Azm prophets]], which according to hadiths, include Abraham (a) as the second such prophet after [[Noah (a)]].<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 18, p. 218.</ref> According to verse 124 of [[Qur'an 2]], God appointed Abraham (a) as an [[Imam]] after a number of tests. According to [['Allama Tabataba'i]], the position of imamate here refers to inner guidance, which requires an existential perfection and a peculiar spiritual status that can be obtained after a lot of struggles.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 1, p. 272.</ref>
-According to Quranic verses, God selected Abraham (a) as His friend (Khalil).<ref>Qurʾān 4:125</ref> Thus, he came to be called “Khalil Allah.” According to hadiths cited in ''[['Ilal al-shara'i']]'', he became God's friend because he prostrated so frequently, he never rejected anyone's request, he never requested anything from anyone except God, he gave food to the poor, and he worshiped at night.<ref>Saduq, ''ʿIlal al-sharāyiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 34-35</ref>
+According to Quranic verses, God selected Abraham (a) as His friend (Khalil).<ref>Qurʾān 4:125</ref> Thus, he came to be called “Khalil Allah.” According to hadiths cited in ''[['Ilal al-shara'i']]'', he became God's friend because he prostrated so frequently, he never rejected anyone's request, he never requested anything from anyone except God, he gave food to the poor, and he worshiped at night.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿIlal al-sharāyiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 34-35</ref>
-According to the Qur'an, Abraham was the ancestor of a number of his subsequent prophets. Thus, he came to be known as Abu l-Anbiya' (the Father of Prophets). His son, [[Isaac (a)]], was the ancestor of the [[Children of Israel]], in whose progeny there were prophets including [[Jacob (a)]], [[Joseph (a)]], [[David (a)]], [[Solomon (a)]], [[Job (a)]], [[Moses (a)]], [[Aaron (a)]], and other prophets. Moreover, Jesus's lineages goes through his mother, [[Mary (a)]], back to Jacob (a) the son of Isaac (a). According to Islamic narratives, the lineage of [[Muhammad (s)]] goes back to Ishmael (a).
+According to the Qur'an, Abraham was the ancestor of a number of his subsequent prophets.<ref>Qurʾān 29:27</ref> Thus, he came to be known as Abu l-Anbiya' (the Father of Prophets). His son, [[Isaac (a)]], was the ancestor of the [[Children of Israel]], in whose progeny there were prophets including [[Jacob (a)]], [[Joseph (a)]], [[David (a)]], [[Solomon (a)]], [[Job (a)]], [[Moses (a)]], [[Aaron (a)]], and other prophets.<ref>Qurʾān 6:84</ref> Moreover, Jesus's lineages goes through his mother, [[Mary (a)]], back to Jacob (a) the son of Isaac (a).<ref>Mughnīya, ''Tafsīr al-kashif'', vol.1, p. 208.</ref> According to Islamic narratives, the lineage of [[Muhammad (s)]] goes back to Ishmael (a).<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 2; Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, ''al-'Aqd al-farīd'', vol. 5, p. 182.</ref>
 ===Miracles===
 According to Quranic verses, [[miracle]]s of Abraham (a) included the cooling of fire and the revival of four birds:
-*'''The cooling of fire:''' according to verses fifty seven to seventy of [[Qur'an 21]], when Abraham saw that his people do not stop worshiping idols, he broke the idols and attributed the act to the great idol, saying that “if the idol talks, then ask him who did this.” Idol worshipers were speechless, but they did not abandon their beliefs, throwing him into fire because of breaking the idols. The fire was, however, cooled at the command of God.
+*'''The cooling of fire:''' according to verses fifty seven to seventy of [[Qur'an 21]], when Abraham saw that his people do not stop worshiping idols, he broke the idols and attributed the act to the great idol, saying that “if the idol talks, then ask him who did this.” Idol worshipers were speechless, but they did not abandon their beliefs, throwing him into fire because of breaking the idols. The fire was, however, cooled at the command of God.<ref>Qurʾān 21:57-70</ref>
 *'''The revival of four birds:''' according to verse 260 of [[Qur'an 2]], in response to Abraham's request of seeing how the dead come back to life, God commanded him to slaughter and then mix four birds, and then put parts of the mixture on top of different mountains. He did so and then called the birds. The birds came back to life and flew towards him.
 ===Immigration===
-Verse seventy one of Qur'an 21 says about Abraham (a): “We delivered him and Lot toward the land, which We have blessed for all nations.” Some Quranic exegeses take the land referred to in this verse to be [[Syria]] or [[Palestine]] and [[Jerusalem]]. In a hadith from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], Jerusalem is said to be the place Abraham (a) immigrated to.
+Verse seventy one of Qur'an 21 says about Abraham (a): “We delivered him and Lot toward the land, which We have blessed for all nations.”<ref>Qurʾān 21:71</ref> Some Quranic exegeses take the land referred to in this verse to be [[Syria]]<ref>Mahalli wa Siyuti, ''Tafsir al-jalalayn'', p.402; Abū l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, ''Rawḍ al-Jinān'', vol. 15, p. 200.</ref> or [[Palestine]] and [[Jerusalem]].<ref>Kāshāni, ''Tafsir manhaj al-ṣādiqīn'', vol. 6, p. 8.</ref> In a hadith from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], Jerusalem is said to be the place Abraham (a) immigrated to.<ref>Quṭb al-Rāwandī, ''Qiṣaṣ al-'anbīyā''', vol. 1, p. 298.</ref>
 ===Construction of the Ka'ba===