Anonymous user
Al-Kafi (book): Difference between revisions
m
revision + wikicheck
imported>Saburi No edit summary |
imported>Mohammad.Kh m (revision + wikicheck) |
||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
| En_fulltext = | | En_fulltext = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''''Al-Kāfī''''' (Arabic:{{ia| الکافي}}, the Sufficient) is one of [[hadith]] collections of [[Imamiyya|Twelver Shi'a]]. It is the most important and authentic collection among the [[Four Books]]. It was compiled by [[thiqat al-Islam]] [[al-Kulayni]] (d. [[329]]/941) in the period of [[Minor Occultation]]. ''Al-Kafi'' consists of three parts: Usul (principles), Furu' (branches), and Rawda (miscellaneous | '''''Al-Kāfī''''' (Arabic:{{ia| الکافي}}, the Sufficient) is one of [[hadith]] collections of [[Imamiyya|Twelver Shi'a]]. It is the most important and authentic collection among the [[Four Books]]. It was compiled by [[thiqat al-Islam]] [[al-Kulayni]] (d. [[329]]/941) in the period of [[Minor Occultation]]. ''Al-Kafi'' consists of three parts: Usul (principles), Furu' (branches), and Rawda (miscellaneous issues); [[Usul al-Kafi|Usul]] is the most important part. Al-Kulayni tries to collect hadiths in such a way that they agree with the [[consensus]] and there is no incompatibility between them and the [[Qur'an]]. | ||
== Title == | == Title == | ||
''Al-Kafi'' may have been entitled as such due to al-Kulayni's own statement in the chapter on ''[[Tahara]]'', which reads, "This book is "Kafi" (i.e. sufficient) for all religious sciences"<ref>'' | ''Al-Kafi'' may have been entitled as such due to al-Kulayni's own statement in the chapter on ''[[Tahara]]'', which reads, "This book is "Kafi" (i.e. sufficient) for all religious sciences"<ref>''al-Kafi''. vol. 1, p. 14 (Introduction)</ref>. | ||
It also could have been named ''Al-Kafi'' due to a report that when it was presented to [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]], he said, "''Al-Kafi'' is Kafi (i.e. sufficient) for our [[Shi'a]]." <ref>Ghaffar, Abd allah al-rasul.''al-Kulayni wa l-kafi''. p. 392.</ref> However, there is no such a report and it is just a claim. | It also could have been named ''Al-Kafi'' due to a report that when it was presented to [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]], he said, "''Al-Kafi'' is Kafi (i.e. sufficient) for our [[Shi'a]]." <ref>Ghaffar, Abd allah al-rasul.''al-Kulayni wa l-kafi''. p. 392.</ref> However, there is no such a report and it is just a claim. | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
[[Muhammad Amin al-Istarabadi|Al-Astarabadi]] quotes from his teachers that, "no book has ever been written similar or close to it in rank".<ref>Astarabadi, Muhammad Amin. ''Al-Fawa'id al-madaniyyah''. p. 520.</ref> | [[Muhammad Amin al-Istarabadi|Al-Astarabadi]] quotes from his teachers that, "no book has ever been written similar or close to it in rank".<ref>Astarabadi, Muhammad Amin. ''Al-Fawa'id al-madaniyyah''. p. 520.</ref> | ||
[[Ayatollah Khoei]] mentions that his teacher, [[Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]], would call doubting the sources of ''al-Kafi'', "the business of the incompetent".<ref>Al-Khoei, Abu | [[Ayatollah Khoei]] mentions that his teacher, [[Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]], would call doubting the sources of ''al-Kafi'', "the business of the incompetent".<ref>Al-Khoei, Abu l-Qasim. ''Mu'jam rijal al-hadith''. vol. 1. p. 99.</ref> | ||
== Purpose of Writing == | == Purpose of Writing == | ||
| Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
==Features and Advantages == | ==Features and Advantages == | ||
At the time of writing ''al-Kafi'', al-Kulayni used 'The four hundred hadith booklets' written by the companions of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], known as ''[[Usul arba'a mi'a]]''. He met with those companions of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) - or those who had seen them - to collect the hadith which had the | At the time of writing ''al-Kafi'', al-Kulayni used 'The four hundred hadith booklets' written by the companions of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], known as ''[[Usul arba'a mi'a]]''. He met with those companions of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) - or those who had seen them - to collect the hadith which had the shortest chain of transmission. Being contemporary with the [[Four Deputies]] paved the way for him to best verify these hadiths. However, about the last part of this statement it should be said that it was not common to present hadith books to Ahl al-Bayt (a) and the number of books presented is very small compared to the number of books which has not been presented. Furthermore, al-Kulayni had no special connection with the Four Deputies. | ||
An important feature of ''al-Kafi'' is its order and comprehensiveness.<ref>Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''Kashf al-Mahajja''. p. 159.</ref> ''Al-Kafi'' is also known for its large number of hadiths, clear classification of hadith, completeness in chains of transmitters, and coverage of various topics in [[theology]], [[fiqh|jurisprudence]], ethics, etc. | An important feature of ''al-Kafi'' is its order and comprehensiveness.<ref>Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''Kashf al-Mahajja''. p. 159.</ref> ''Al-Kafi'' is also known for its large number of hadiths, clear classification of hadith, completeness in chains of transmitters, and coverage of various topics in [[theology]], [[fiqh|jurisprudence]], ethics, etc. | ||
| Line 88: | Line 88: | ||
'''''Furu' al-Kafi''''' contains hadiths regarding [[Fiqh|jurisprudential]] rulings and is comprised of 26 chapters: | '''''Furu' al-Kafi''''' contains hadiths regarding [[Fiqh|jurisprudential]] rulings and is comprised of 26 chapters: | ||
{{col-begin|2}} | {{col-begin|2}} | ||
# ''Kitab al-tahara'' (The Book of | # ''Kitab al-tahara'' (The Book of [[Purity]]) | ||
# ''Kitab al-hayd'' (The Book of Menstruation) | # ''Kitab al-hayd'' (The Book of Menstruation) | ||
# ''Kitab al-jana'iz'' (The Book of Corpses) | # ''Kitab al-jana'iz'' (The Book of Corpses) | ||
| Line 113: | Line 113: | ||
# ''Kitab al-shahadat'' (The Book of Witnesses) | # ''Kitab al-shahadat'' (The Book of Witnesses) | ||
# ''Kitab al-Qada' wa l-ahkam'' (The Book of Judgment and Rulings) | # ''Kitab al-Qada' wa l-ahkam'' (The Book of Judgment and Rulings) | ||
# ''Kitab al-ayman wa l-nudhur wa l-kaffarat'' (The Book of | # ''Kitab al-ayman wa l-nudhur wa l-kaffarat'' (The Book of Oaths and [[Nadhr]]s and Atonements/Reparation) | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
| Line 131: | Line 131: | ||
== Number of Hadiths == | == Number of Hadiths == | ||
[[Yusuf al-Bahrani]], in ''Lu'lu' al-bahrayn'', counts the number of hadiths in ''al-Kafi'' to be 16,199, Dr. Husayn 'Ali Mahfuz, in the preface to ''al-Kafi'', counts 15,176, [[al-Allama al-Majlisi]] counts 16,121 and some contemporary scholars such as al-Shaykh 'Abd al-Rassul al-Ghaffar consider | [[Yusuf al-Bahrani]], in ''Lu'lu' al-bahrayn'', counts the number of hadiths in ''al-Kafi'' to be 16,199, Dr. Husayn 'Ali Mahfuz, in the preface to ''al-Kafi'', counts 15,176, [[al-Allama al-Majlisi]] counts 16,121 and some contemporary scholars such as al-Shaykh 'Abd al-Rassul al-Ghaffar consider them to be 15,503. | ||
The reason for this | The reason for this variance in number is due to different methods of counting. For example, some scholars count a hadith transmitted from two different chains as two hadiths, while others count it as one. Also, some have included ''[[Mursal]]'' hadiths (those hadith which do not have a complete chain of transmitters), while others have not. There are also rare cases where some hadiths are not mentioned in certain manuscripts, and therefore may or may not have been counted.<ref>Ghaffar, Abd allah al-rasul. ''al-Kulayni wa l-kafi''. p. 401-402.</ref> | ||
== Researches Carried Out on ''al-Kafi'' == | == Researches Carried Out on ''al-Kafi'' == | ||
Since ''al-Kafi'' has always been a topic of discussion among scholars of hadith, many researches have been carried out on it. In [[al-Dhari'a]], [[Agha Buzurg Tihrani]] has listed 27 commentaries on ''[[Usul al-kafi]]'' or the whole of ''al-Kafi'', and 10 marginal notes on ''al-Kafi''.<ref>Agha Buzuer, Tihrani .''al-Dhari'ah''. vol. 13. p. 95-99.</ref> | Since ''al-Kafi'' has always been a topic of discussion among scholars of hadith, many researches have been carried out on it. In ''[[al-Dhari'a]]'', [[Agha Buzurg Tihrani]] has listed 27 commentaries on ''[[Usul al-kafi]]'' or the whole of ''al-Kafi'', and 10 marginal notes on ''al-Kafi''.<ref>Agha Buzuer, Tihrani .''al-Dhari'ah''. vol. 13. p. 95-99.</ref> | ||
'''Some Commentaries''' | '''Some Commentaries''' | ||
| Line 145: | Line 145: | ||
* [[Mulla Salih Mazandarani]]'s commentary | * [[Mulla Salih Mazandarani]]'s commentary | ||
* [[Mulla Khalil Qazwini]]'s Persian commentary called ''Safi'', and an Arabic commentary called ''Shafi'' | * [[Mulla Khalil Qazwini]]'s Persian commentary called ''Safi'', and an Arabic commentary called ''Shafi'' | ||
* Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Muhaqqiq Damad's ''al-Rawashih al-samawiyyah fi | * Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Muhaqqiq Damad's ''al-Rawashih al-samawiyyah fi sharh al-Kafi'' | ||
* Amir Isma'il Khatunabadi's commentary | * Amir Isma'il Khatunabadi's commentary | ||
| Line 151: | Line 151: | ||
* ''Al-Ta'liqat 'ala kitab al-Kafi'' written by Muhammad Baqir Hussayni, known as [[Mirdamad]] (d. 1041/1632) | * ''Al-Ta'liqat 'ala kitab al-Kafi'' written by Muhammad Baqir Hussayni, known as [[Mirdamad]] (d. 1041/1632) | ||
* ''Jami' al-ahadith wa l-aqwal'' written by al-Shaykh Qasim b. Muhammad b. Jawad b. al-Wandi (d. 1100/1689) | * ''Jami' al-ahadith wa l-aqwal'' written by al-Shaykh Qasim b. Muhammad b. Jawad b. al-Wandi (d. 1100/1689) | ||
* ''Al-Durr al-manzum min kalam al-ma'sum'' written by al-Shaykh 'Ali b. | * ''Al-Durr al-manzum min kalam al-ma'sum'' written by al-Shaykh 'Ali b. Hasan b. Zayn al-Din [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] (d. 1104/1693) | ||
* ''Al-Hashiyat ala usul al-Kafi'' written by Rafi' al-Din Muhammad b. Haydar al-Na'ini | * ''Al-Hashiyat ala usul al-Kafi'' written by Rafi' al-Din Muhammad b. Haydar al-Na'ini | ||
* Marginal notes written by Abu | * Marginal notes written by Abu l-Hasan Sharif Futuni 'Amili | ||
* Marginal notes written by Sayyid Mir Abu Talib b. Mirza | * Marginal notes written by Sayyid Mir Abu Talib b. Mirza Bayk Findiriski | ||
* Marginal notes written by al-Shaykh Zayn al-Din Abu | * Marginal notes written by al-Shaykh Zayn al-Din Abu l-Hasan 'Ali b. Shaykh Hasan, the author of ''Ma'alim'' | ||
* Marginal notes written by al-Shaykh Muhammad b. | * Marginal notes written by al-Shaykh Muhammad b. Hasan b. Zayn al-Din al-Shahid al-Thani, known as al-Shaykh Muhammad Sibt 'Amili (d. 1030/) | ||
== English Translation == | == English Translation == | ||
[[File:Al-kafi English.jpg|230px|thumbnail|Translation of al-Kafi to English, by Muhammad Sarwar]] | [[File:Al-kafi English.jpg|230px|thumbnail|Translation of al-Kafi to English, by Muhammad Sarwar]] | ||
The first volume of '' | The first volume of ''al-Kafi'' (from the beginning to kitab al-Iman wa l-kufr) has been translated into English in eight volumes by Muhammad Sarwar. | ||
There is also a translation and commentary on the first chapter of ''[[Usul al-Kafi]]'', i.e ''Kitab al-'aql wa l-jahl'' (The Book of Intellect and Ignorance) by Islamic Texts Institute. | There is also a translation and commentary on the first chapter of ''[[Usul al-Kafi]]'', i.e ''Kitab al-'aql wa l-jahl'' (The Book of Intellect and Ignorance) by Islamic Texts Institute. | ||
| Line 175: | Line 175: | ||
* Khoei, Abu l-Qasim al-, ''Mu'jam al-rijal al-hadith wa tafsil tabaqat al-ruwat'', Markaz Nashr al-Thaqafat al-Islamiyyah, Qom, 1994. | * Khoei, Abu l-Qasim al-, ''Mu'jam al-rijal al-hadith wa tafsil tabaqat al-ruwat'', Markaz Nashr al-Thaqafat al-Islamiyyah, Qom, 1994. | ||
* Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa al-, ''Kashf al-mahajjah li thamarat al-mahjah'', Al-Matba'at al-Haydariyyah, Najaf, 1370 SH. | * Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa al-, ''Kashf al-mahajjah li thamarat al-mahjah'', Al-Matba'at al-Haydariyyah, Najaf, 1370 SH. | ||
* Tusi, Muhammad b. | * Tusi, Muhammad b. Hasan al-, ''Al-Fihrist'', researched by Javad Qayyumi, Nashr al-Fiqahah, 1417 AH. | ||
* Ghaffar, Abd Allah al-Rasul, ''Al-Kulayni wa l-kafi'', Mu'assisah Nashr al-Islami, 1416 AH. | * Ghaffar, Abd Allah al-Rasul, ''Al-Kulayni wa l-kafi'', Mu'assisah Nashr al-Islami, 1416 AH. | ||
* Kulayni, Muhammad b. Ya'qub al-, ''Al-Kafi'', Dar al-kutub al-Islamiyyah, 1983. | * Kulayni, Muhammad b. Ya'qub al-, ''Al-Kafi'', Dar al-kutub al-Islamiyyah, 1983. | ||
| Line 188: | Line 188: | ||
{{Shi'a Hadithi Books}} | {{Shi'a Hadithi Books}} | ||
{{Bibliography of 4th/10th Century}} | {{Bibliography of 4th/10th Century}} | ||
[[fa:الکافی (کتاب)]] | [[fa:الکافی (کتاب)]] | ||