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! Table !! Text !! Sura !! Verse !! About | ! Table !! Text !! Sura !! Verse !! About | ||
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| 1||And We gave him Isaac and Jacob and guided each of them. And Noah We had guided before, and from his offspring, David and Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses and Aaron—thus do We reward the virtuous|| [[Sura al-An'am|al-An'am]]||84||From the descendant of Abraham or Noah<ref> | | 1||And We gave him Isaac and Jacob and guided each of them. And Noah We had guided before, and from his offspring, David and Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses and Aaron—thus do We reward the virtuous|| [[Sura al-An'am|al-An'am]]||84||From the descendant of Abraham or Noah<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 7, p. 242.</ref> | ||
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| 2||We have indeed revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him, and [as] We revealed to Abraham and Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, Jesus and Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon—and We gave David the Psalms—|| [[Sura Nisa'|Nisa']]||163 || [[Prophethood]] | | 2||We have indeed revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him, and [as] We revealed to Abraham and Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, Jesus and Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon—and We gave David the Psalms—|| [[Sura Nisa'|Nisa']]||163 || [[Prophethood]] | ||
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According to a [[hadith]] of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], God had blessed Job (a), and Job (a) would always give thanks for his blessings. But [[Satan]] said to [[God]], "If You take away Your blessings from Job (a), he will cease to give thanks." Thus, God allowed Satan to afflict Job (a) in his wealth and children. Job (a) lost his wealth and children, but he continued to give thanks, even more than before. Then, he lost his crops and cattle, but he remained [[Shukr|thankful to God]]. Afterwards, Satan breathed onto Job's body, creating many wounds on it. Worms and infection began to appear on Job's body to the extent that the people banished him from the village because of his repulsive smell. But Job (a) still remained thankful. Then, one day Satan together with some of Job's companions visited him and told him that his affliction must have been because of a sin that he had committed. In response, Job (a) stated that he had never eaten any food except that he shared it with an [[orphan]] or a weak person, and that he had never had the choice between two acts of worship except that he chose the more difficult act. Finally, God sent an [[angel]], who washed Job (a) with the water of a spring that welled up when Job (a) stamped his foot on the ground and thus he was healed.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 2, p. 239-42; Majlisī, ''Ḥayāt al-qulūb'', vol. 1, p. 559-65.</ref> | According to a [[hadith]] of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], God had blessed Job (a), and Job (a) would always give thanks for his blessings. But [[Satan]] said to [[God]], "If You take away Your blessings from Job (a), he will cease to give thanks." Thus, God allowed Satan to afflict Job (a) in his wealth and children. Job (a) lost his wealth and children, but he continued to give thanks, even more than before. Then, he lost his crops and cattle, but he remained [[Shukr|thankful to God]]. Afterwards, Satan breathed onto Job's body, creating many wounds on it. Worms and infection began to appear on Job's body to the extent that the people banished him from the village because of his repulsive smell. But Job (a) still remained thankful. Then, one day Satan together with some of Job's companions visited him and told him that his affliction must have been because of a sin that he had committed. In response, Job (a) stated that he had never eaten any food except that he shared it with an [[orphan]] or a weak person, and that he had never had the choice between two acts of worship except that he chose the more difficult act. Finally, God sent an [[angel]], who washed Job (a) with the water of a spring that welled up when Job (a) stamped his foot on the ground and thus he was healed.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 2, p. 239-42; Majlisī, ''Ḥayāt al-qulūb'', vol. 1, p. 559-65.</ref> | ||
However, [[Allama Tabataba'i]] doubts the authenticity of this hadith, considering its incompatibility with other hadiths,<ref> | However, [[Allama Tabataba'i]] doubts the authenticity of this hadith, considering its incompatibility with other hadiths,<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 17, p. 214-17.</ref> such as the hadith in which [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] is reported to have said that Job (a) did not have any infection, worm, or facial deformity, and the people left him only because of his poverty and apparent weakness. They were not aware of his special place in the eyes of God and did not know that he would be healed soon.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', vol. 2, p. 339-400.</ref> The hadith is also incompatible with the doctrine of [[infallibility]],<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 17, p. 214-217.</ref> according to which [[prophets]] are free from repulsive defects that drive people away from them, as that would make them fail in their [[Bi'tha|mission]].<ref>Abū l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, ''Rawḍ al-Jinān'', vol. 13, p. 213; Subḥānī, ''Manshūr-i ʿaqāʾd -imāmīyya'', p. 114.</ref> | ||
===The Biblical Account=== | ===The Biblical Account=== | ||
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==Wisdom Behind Job's Affliction== | ==Wisdom Behind Job's Affliction== | ||
Job's affliction is considered God's test for him. According to some commentators, Job (a) maintained his gratefulness to God prior to, during,<ref>Qurtubī, ''al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 16, p. 216.</ref> and after the trial. According to a hadith, Job (a) was afflicted so that the people do not consider him divine because of the blessings that were given to him, and also in order not to despise weak, poor, or sick people and to know that it is God who afflicts whomever He wants and heals whomever He wills.<ref> | Job's affliction is considered God's test for him. According to some commentators, Job (a) maintained his gratefulness to God prior to, during,<ref>Qurtubī, ''al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 16, p. 216.</ref> and after the trial. According to a hadith, Job (a) was afflicted so that the people do not consider him divine because of the blessings that were given to him, and also in order not to despise weak, poor, or sick people and to know that it is God who afflicts whomever He wants and heals whomever He wills.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 17, p. 214-217.</ref> | ||
==Job's Oath== | ==Job's Oath== | ||
It is said that Job (a) made an [[oath]] to strike his wife a hundred lashes after his recovery.<ref> | It is said that Job (a) made an [[oath]] to strike his wife a hundred lashes after his recovery.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 210.</ref> However, when he was recovered, he decided to forgive her, but he had made an oath and could not break it.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 19, p. 299.</ref> Thus, it was revealed to him to strike her instead one time with a bundle of one-hundred sticks in order not to break his oath.<ref>Qur'an 38:44; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 210.</ref> | ||
There is disagreement among the commentators as to the story behind Job's oath. [[Ibn Abbas]] is reported to have said that [[Satan]] appeared to Job's wife and told her, "I will heal your husband if you say after his recovery that only I healed him." Having become tired of her husband's illness, Job's wife accepted Satan's offer, and this was why Job (a) made an oat to flog her.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 19, p. 299; Jazāʾrī, ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyāʾ'', p. 198.</ref> Some others have mentioned that Job (a) sent his wife to do something but she delayed, and Job (a) made such an oath to punish her.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 19, p. 299.</ref> It is also said that she used to hurt Job (a) by her words during his illness, and that is why Job (a) made that oath. Yet, according to a report, Job (a) made that oath after he was healed, because during his illness his wife went to the village to bring some bread, and she sold her tresses in exchange for bread. When she came back to Job (a), he was healed and got upset with his wife for selling her tresses and then made that oath, but when he learned about the reason why she had sold her tresses, he regretted making the oath.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 2, p. 239-242; Majlisī, ''Ḥayāt al-qulūb'', vol. 1, p. 559-565.</ref> | There is disagreement among the commentators as to the story behind Job's oath. [[Ibn Abbas]] is reported to have said that [[Satan]] appeared to Job's wife and told her, "I will heal your husband if you say after his recovery that only I healed him." Having become tired of her husband's illness, Job's wife accepted Satan's offer, and this was why Job (a) made an oat to flog her.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 19, p. 299; Jazāʾrī, ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyāʾ'', p. 198.</ref> Some others have mentioned that Job (a) sent his wife to do something but she delayed, and Job (a) made such an oath to punish her.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 19, p. 299.</ref> It is also said that she used to hurt Job (a) by her words during his illness, and that is why Job (a) made that oath. Yet, according to a report, Job (a) made that oath after he was healed, because during his illness his wife went to the village to bring some bread, and she sold her tresses in exchange for bread. When she came back to Job (a), he was healed and got upset with his wife for selling her tresses and then made that oath, but when he learned about the reason why she had sold her tresses, he regretted making the oath.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 2, p. 239-242; Majlisī, ''Ḥayāt al-qulūb'', vol. 1, p. 559-565.</ref> | ||
The authenticity of some of these reports are doubted because they are in contradiction with the doctrine of the [[infallibility]] of [[prophets]]<ref>Abū l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, ''Rawḍ al-Jinān'', vol. 13, p. 213; Subḥānī, ''Manshūr aqa'id imāmīyya'', p. 114.</ref> and also because of the unreliability of their [[chains of transmitters]].<ref> | The authenticity of some of these reports are doubted because they are in contradiction with the doctrine of the [[infallibility]] of [[prophets]]<ref>Abū l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, ''Rawḍ al-Jinān'', vol. 13, p. 213; Subḥānī, ''Manshūr aqa'id imāmīyya'', p. 114.</ref> and also because of the unreliability of their [[chains of transmitters]].<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 17, p. 214-217.</ref> | ||
==Infallibility== | ==Infallibility== | ||
Some commentators have mentioned that the verse "And remember Our servant Job [in the Qur'an]. When he called out to his Lord, 'The devil has visited on me hardship and torment'<ref>Quran 38:41</ref> indicates that Job (a) was not infallible because it states that [[Satan]] was able to affect him. In response, it is said that Satan could only affect Job's body, wealth, and children, not his soul, and this does not negate his infallibility.<ref> | Some commentators have mentioned that the verse "And remember Our servant Job [in the Qur'an]. When he called out to his Lord, 'The devil has visited on me hardship and torment'<ref>Quran 38:41</ref> indicates that Job (a) was not infallible because it states that [[Satan]] was able to affect him. In response, it is said that Satan could only affect Job's body, wealth, and children, not his soul, and this does not negate his infallibility.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 17, p. 209.</ref> | ||
A discussion on Job's infallibility can be found in the book ''[[Tanzih al-anbiya' (book)|Tanzih al-anbiya']]'' by [[al-Sharif al-Murtada]].<ref>Sayyid Murtaḍā al-Hudā, ''Tanzīh al-anbīyā''', p. 59-64.</ref> | A discussion on Job's infallibility can be found in the book ''[[Tanzih al-anbiya' (book)|Tanzih al-anbiya']]'' by [[al-Sharif al-Murtada]].<ref>Sayyid Murtaḍā al-Hudā, ''Tanzīh al-anbīyā''', p. 59-64.</ref> | ||