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Ja'far b. Abi Talib: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox sahaba | |||
'''Jaʿfar b. | | title = Ja'far b. Abi Talib b. 'Abd al-Muttalib | ||
| image = Ja'far b. Abi Talib-1.JPG | |||
| image size = 250 | |||
| caption = | |||
|Kunya = Abu 'Abd Allah, Abu l-Masakin | |||
|Epithet = Ja'far al-Tayyar, Dhu l-janahayn | |||
|Birth = circa 590 C.E. | |||
|Home town = [[Mecca]] | |||
|Muhajir/Ansar = [[Muhajir]] | |||
|Lineage/tribe = [[Quraysh]] | |||
|Well-known relatives = [[Holy Prophet (s)]], [[Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
|Death/Martyrdom = Jumada l-'ula,8/September,629 | |||
|Cause of death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Battle of Muta]] | |||
|Burial place = [[Jordan]] | |||
|Converting to Islam = Converted after Imam Ali (a) | |||
|Cause of converting to Islam = | |||
|Presence at [[ghazwas]] = Battle of Muta | |||
|Migration to = [[Abyssinia]] | |||
|Known for = | |||
|Notable roles = The leader of Muslims who migrated to Abyssinia, Commander of the Army of Islam in the battle of Muta | |||
|Other activities = | |||
|Works = | |||
}} | |||
'''Jaʿfar b. ʾAbī Ṭālib b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib''' (Arabic: جَعفر بن ابي طالب بن عَبدالمُطّلب ), also known as '''Jaʿfar al-Ṭayyār''' (Arabic: جَعفر الطيّار ) (the flying Ja'far) and '''Dhu l-Janāḥayn''' (Arabic: ذو الجَناحَین ) (the one with two wings) was a cousin and a companion to the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and the older brother to [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]. | |||
He led a group of Muslims to refuge in [[Abyssinia]]. After his return, the Prophet (s) taught him a prayer, which is known as the [[Prayer of Ja'far al-Tayyar | He led a group of Muslims to refuge in [[Abyssinia]]. After his return, the Prophet (s) taught him a prayer, which is known as the [[Prayer of Ja'far al-Tayyar]]. | ||
He was appointed as the commander of the Muslim Army in the [[Battle of Muta]], in which war he was later | He was appointed as the commander of the Muslim Army in the [[Battle of Muta]], in which war he was later [[martyr]]ed. His tomb is in [[Jordan]]. | ||
==Birth and Genealogy== | ==Birth and Genealogy== | ||
It is said that Ja'far was born twenty years before the [[Prophet (s)]] started his mission. He belonged to the [[Banu Hashim]] clan in the [[Quraysh]] tribe. His | It is said that Ja'far was born twenty years before the [[Prophet (s)]] started his mission. He belonged to the [[Banu Hashim]] clan in the [[Quraysh]] tribe. His father, [[Abu Talib]], was a notable Qurayshi figure and his mother was [[Fatima bt. Asad]]. His older brothers were [[Talib b. Abi Talib|Talib]] and [['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]] and his younger brother was [[Imam 'Ali (a)|'Ali (a)]]. It is said that these four brothers were 10 years apart. | ||
{{Family tree of the Prophet (s)}} | {{Family tree of the Prophet (s)}} | ||
==Kunyas and Titles== | ==Kunyas and Titles== | ||
Ja'far's kunya was Abu 'Abd Allah, because he had a son called 'Abd Allah. His other Kunya was Abu l-Masakin (the father of the poor), because he supported and helped the poor. After his death by the loss of his two hands, he was called Tayyar (the flying one) and Dhu l-Janahayn (the | Ja'far's kunya was Abu 'Abd Allah, because he had a son called 'Abd Allah. His other Kunya was Abu l-Masakin (the father of the poor), because he supported and helped the poor. After his death by the loss of his two hands, he was called Tayyar (the flying one) and Dhu l-Janahayn (the one with two wings). | ||
It is reported that the Prophet (s) said, "One night I entered the heavens and saw that Ja'far was flying with the angels."<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.22, P. 277</ref> There is a hadith from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] to the effect that God honors Ja'far for four things he avoided during Jahiliyya (the age of ignorance before Islam). It was aked, "What are they?" He answered, "Ja'far avoided drinking wine, lying, fornication, and idolatory." The Prophet (s) prayed for him and said, "May God give you two wings, with which to fly in the company of the angels."<ref>Al-Saduq, Vol.2, P.588</ref> | It is reported that the Prophet (s) said, "One night I entered the heavens and saw that Ja'far was flying with the angels."<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.22, P. 277</ref> There is a hadith from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] to the effect that God honors Ja'far for four things he avoided during Jahiliyya (the age of ignorance before Islam). It was aked, "What are they?" He answered, "Ja'far avoided drinking wine, lying, fornication, and idolatory." The Prophet (s) prayed for him and said, "May God give you two wings, with which to fly in the company of the angels."<ref>Al-Saduq, Vol.2, P.588</ref> | ||
He is also called " | He is also called "Dhu l-Hijratayan" (the one who migrated twice), as he migrated once to [[Abyssinia]] and then to [[Medina]]. | ||
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
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===Characteristics=== | ===Characteristics=== | ||
Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani says, "Ja'far b. Abi Talib was a powerful orator, who was also generous, brave, and mystical." [[Ibn Qudama]] says that he was tolerant and humble.<ref>Ibn Qudama, P.115</ref> | Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani says, "Ja'far b. Abi Talib was a powerful orator, who was also generous, brave, and mystical." [[Ibn Qudama]] says that he was tolerant and humble.<ref>Ibn Qudama, P.115</ref> Al-Dhahabi says that Ja'far b. Abi Talib was high-ranking, the master of the martyrs and soldiers.<ref>Al-Dhahabi, Vol.1, P.206</ref> | ||
===Qur'anic Verses on Ja'far=== | ===Qur'anic Verses on Ja'far=== | ||
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==Immigration to Abyssinia== | ==Immigration to Abyssinia== | ||
Five years after the [[Prophet (s)]] started his mission (614 | Five years after the [[Prophet (s)]] started his mission (614 C.E.), as a consequence of being annoyed by [[pagan]]s of [[Mecca]], and upon a commandment from the Prophet (s), a group of Muslims migrated from Mecca to [[Abyssinia]] to take refuge from persecution. Ja'far led the group, which was composed of 82 men and some women and children. The Prophet (s) said to these people, "Take refuge in Abyssinia. Their king is a righteous man, who does not wrong anyone. Travel there until God makes an opening for Muslims."<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.18, P.412</ref> | ||
Upon learning about the entrance of the Muslim group, [[Negus]] called them to the court. Ja'far b. Abi Talib said to Negus, "I will tell you what I have heard from my leader, the Prophet (s)." Then as a spokesperson of Islam, he said, "A prophet has emerged among us to call us to avoid idolatory, usury, wronging others, unjust bloodshed, adultery, and fornication. He has invited us to prayer, [[zakat]] (charity), justice and kindness to neighbors." Then, Negus asked him, "Do you have anything from what the Prophet (s) has brought you from God?" Ja'far read verses from the Sura 19 ([[Sura Maryam|Maryam]]) which was about the story of [[Mary]] and [[Jesus (a)]]. Negus wept after he heard these verses.<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.18, P.415</ref> Meccan unbelievers had tried to persuade Negus with gifts to reject the Muslim group; but he refused their request. Muslims could live safely in that land. | Upon learning about the entrance of the Muslim group, [[Negus]] called them to the court. Ja'far b. Abi Talib said to Negus, "I will tell you what I have heard from my leader, the Prophet (s)." Then as a spokesperson of Islam, he said, "A prophet has emerged among us to call us to avoid idolatory, usury, wronging others, unjust bloodshed, adultery, and fornication. He has invited us to prayer, [[zakat]] (charity), justice and kindness to neighbors." Then, Negus asked him, "Do you have anything from what the Prophet (s) has brought you from God?" Ja'far read verses from the Sura 19 ([[Sura Maryam|Maryam]]) which was about the story of [[Mary]] and [[Jesus (a)]]. Negus wept after he heard these verses.<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.18, P.415</ref> Meccan unbelievers had tried to persuade Negus with gifts to reject the Muslim group; but he refused their request. Muslims could live safely in that land. | ||
Muslims stayed in Abyssinia until the year 6 | Muslims stayed in Abyssinia until the year 6/628. Just before the [[Battle of Khaybar]], the Prophet (s) asked Negus to return the Muslims. He accepted, accepted Islam, and sent Ja'far and others, including [['Amr b. Umayya al-Damri]], in two ships to [[Medina]]. | ||
==Ja'far as the Commander of the Islamic Army== | ==Ja'far as the Commander of the Islamic Army== | ||
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Ja'far was killed in the [[Battle of Muta]] in Jumada l-'Ula of the year 8 AH/September,629. [[Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani]], believes that Ja'far was the first child of Abu Talib to be martyred for Islam.<ref>al-Isfahani, P.3</ref> [[Al-Tabari]] says, "After Zayd martyred, Ja'far took over the commandment of war. When he saw that he was surrounded by the enemy, he got off from his horse and cut off its legs [so that it would not fall into the hands of the enemy]. Then he fought until his hands were cut off and he died."<ref>Al-Tabari, Vol.2, P.321</ref> It is mostly believed that he was then 41 years old and was the tenth person to die in this battle. | Ja'far was killed in the [[Battle of Muta]] in Jumada l-'Ula of the year 8 AH/September,629. [[Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani]], believes that Ja'far was the first child of Abu Talib to be martyred for Islam.<ref>al-Isfahani, P.3</ref> [[Al-Tabari]] says, "After Zayd martyred, Ja'far took over the commandment of war. When he saw that he was surrounded by the enemy, he got off from his horse and cut off its legs [so that it would not fall into the hands of the enemy]. Then he fought until his hands were cut off and he died."<ref>Al-Tabari, Vol.2, P.321</ref> It is mostly believed that he was then 41 years old and was the tenth person to die in this battle. | ||
[[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] reports that after Ja'far's martyrdom, the Prophet (s) visited his family and wept and hugged Ja'far's children and condoled them.It is reported that [[ | [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] reports that after Ja'far's martyrdom, the Prophet (s) visited his family and wept and hugged Ja'far's children and condoled them.It is reported that [[Asma' bt. 'Umays]] and [[Ka'b b. Malik]] composed dirges for Ja'far. | ||
==Tomb== | ==Tomb== | ||
[[File:Ja'far b. Abi Talib-2.jpg|thumbnail|The grave of Ja'far b. Abi Talib, [[Jordan]]]] | [[File:Ja'far b. Abi Talib-2.jpg|thumbnail|The grave of Ja'far b. Abi Talib, [[Jordan]]]] | ||
Ja'far and other Muslims who were | Ja'far and other Muslims who were martyred in that battle were buried in Mazar, near Mutah, [[Jordan]]. Muslims honor his grave. Ja'far, [['Abd Allah b. Rawaha]] and [[Zayd b. Haritha]] were buried in one tomb, which was then hidden. | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
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* [[Ibn Sa'd|Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad]], ''[[Al-Tabaqat al-kubra]]'', dar sadir, Beirut; | * [[Ibn Sa'd|Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad]], ''[[Al-Tabaqat al-kubra]]'', dar sadir, Beirut; | ||
* [[Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani|Al-Isfahani, Abu l-Faraj]], ''[[Maqatil al-talibiyyin]], Al-maktaba al-haydariyya, [[Najaf]], 1385 AH/1966; | * [[Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani|Al-Isfahani, Abu l-Faraj]], ''[[Maqatil al-talibiyyin]], Al-maktaba al-haydariyya, [[Najaf]], 1385 AH/1966; | ||
* [[Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi|Al-Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir]], ''[[Bihar al-anwar]], | * [[Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi|Al-Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir]], ''[[Bihar al-anwar]], Mu'assisa al-wafa', [[Beirut]]; 1403Ah/1983; | ||
* [['Ali b. Ibrahim al-Qummi|Al-Qummi, 'Ali b. Ibrahim]], ''[[Tafsir al-Qummi]]'', | * [['Ali b. Ibrahim al-Qummi|Al-Qummi, 'Ali b. Ibrahim]], ''[[Tafsir al-Qummi]]'', Mu'assisa dar al-kitab, [[Qum]], 1404AH/1984; | ||
* [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Al-Saduq, Muhammad b. 'Ali]], ''[['Ilal al-sharayi']]'', Al-maktaba al-haydariyya, [[Najaf]], 1385 AH/1966; | * [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Al-Saduq, Muhammad b. 'Ali]], ''[['Ilal al-sharayi']]'', Al-maktaba al-haydariyya, [[Najaf]], 1385 AH/1966; | ||
* [[Al-Tabari|Al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir]], ''[[Tarikh al-Tabari]]'', | * [[Al-Tabari|Al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir]], ''[[Tarikh al-Tabari]]'', Mu'assisa al-a'lami, Beirut, 1403AH/1983; | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Prophet (s)]] | * [[Prophet (s)]] | ||
* [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] | * [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] | ||
* [[Abu Talib]] | * [[Abu Talib]] | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
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[[Category:Banu Hashim]] | [[Category:Banu Hashim]] | ||
[[Category:Sahabas]] | |||
[[Category:Martyrs of the Battle of Muta]] | |||