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Ja'far b. Abi Talib: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox sahaba | {{Infobox sahaba | ||
| name = <!--default is the page name--> | | name = <!--default is the page name--> | ||
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| Well Known As = | | Well Known As = | ||
| Lineage = [[Quraysh]] | | Lineage = [[Quraysh]] | ||
| Well-known relatives = [[Holy Prophet (s)]], [[Imam Ali (a)]] | | Well-known relatives = [[Holy Prophet (s)]], [[Imam Ali (a)]] (brother), [[Abu Talib]] (father) | ||
|Birth = circa 590 C.E. | | Birth = circa 590 C.E. | ||
| Place of Birth = | | Place of Birth = [[Mecca]] | ||
| Muhajir/Ansar = [[Muhajir]] | | Muhajir/Ansar = [[Muhajir]] | ||
| Places of Residence = | | Places of Residence = Mecca, [[Abyssinia]], [[Medina]] | ||
| Place of Residence = | | Place of Residence = | ||
| Death/Martyrdom = [[8]]/629 | | Death/Martyrdom = [[8]]/629 | ||
|Cause of death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Battle of Muta]] | | Cause of death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Battle of Muta]] | ||
| Burial place = [[Jordan]] | | Burial place = [[Jordan]] | ||
|Converting to Islam = Converted after Imam Ali (a) | | Converting to Islam = Converted after Imam Ali (a) | ||
| Cause of converting to Islam = | | Cause of converting to Islam = | ||
| Presence at ghazwas = Battle of Muta | | Presence at ghazwas = Battle of Muta | ||
|Migration to = | |Migration to = Abyssinia and Medina | ||
|Known for = | |Known for = | ||
|Notable roles = The leader of Muslims who migrated to Abyssinia, Commander of the Army of Islam in the Battle of Muta | |Notable roles = The leader of Muslims who migrated to Abyssinia, Commander of the Army of Islam in the Battle of Muta | ||
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| Works = | | Works = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Jaʿfar b. ʾAbī Ṭālib b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|جَعفَر بن اَبي طالِب بن عَبدالمُطَّلِب}}), also known as '''Jaʿfar al-Ṭayyār''' ( | '''Jaʿfar b. ʾAbī Ṭālib b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|جَعفَر بن اَبي طالِب بن عَبدالمُطَّلِب}}), also known as '''Jaʿfar al-Ṭayyār''' ({{iarabic|جَعفَر الطَيّار}}) (the flying Ja'far) and '''Dhu l-Janāḥayn''' ({{iarabic|ذو الجَناحَین}}) (the one with two wings) was a cousin and a [[Companions|companion]] to the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and the older brother to [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]. | ||
He led a group of Muslims to refuge in [[Abyssinia]]. After his return, the Prophet (s) taught him a prayer, which is known as the [[Prayer of Ja'far al-Tayyar]]. | He led a group of Muslims to take refuge in [[Abyssinia]]. After his return, the Prophet (s) taught him a prayer, which is known as the [[Prayer of Ja'far al-Tayyar]]. | ||
He was appointed as the commander of the Muslim Army in the [[Battle of Muta]], in which | He was appointed as the commander of the Muslim Army in the [[Battle of Muta]], in which he was later [[martyr]]ed. His tomb is in [[Jordan]]. | ||
==Birth and Genealogy== | ==Birth and Genealogy== | ||
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==Kunyas and Titles== | ==Kunyas and Titles== | ||
Ja'far's kunya was Abu 'Abd Allah, because he had a son called 'Abd Allah. His other Kunya was Abu l-Masakin (the father of the poor), because he supported and helped the poor. After his death by the loss of his two hands, he was called Tayyar (the flying one) and Dhu l-Janahayn (the one with two wings). | Ja'far's [[kunya]] was Abu 'Abd Allah, because he had a son called 'Abd Allah. His other Kunya was Abu l-Masakin (the father of the poor), because he supported and helped the poor. After his death by the loss of his two hands, he was called Tayyar (the flying one) and Dhu l-Janahayn (the one with two wings). | ||
It is reported that the Prophet (s) said, "One night I entered the heavens and saw that Ja'far was flying with the angels."<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.22, P. 277</ref> There is a hadith from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] to the effect that God honors Ja'far for four things he avoided during Jahiliyya (the age of ignorance before Islam). It was aked, "What are they?" He answered, "Ja'far avoided drinking wine, lying, fornication, and idolatory." The Prophet (s) prayed for him and said, "May God give you two wings, with which to fly in the company of the angels."<ref>Al-Saduq, Vol.2, P.588</ref> | It is reported that the Prophet (s) said, "One night I entered the heavens and saw that Ja'far was flying with the angels."<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.22, P. 277</ref> There is a hadith from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] to the effect that God honors Ja'far for four things he avoided during Jahiliyya (the age of ignorance before Islam). It was aked, "What are they?" He answered, "Ja'far avoided drinking wine, lying, fornication, and idolatory." The Prophet (s) prayed for him and said, "May God give you two wings, with which to fly in the company of the angels."<ref>Al-Saduq, Vol.2, P.588</ref> | ||
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==Family== | ==Family== | ||
Ja'far was married to [[Asma' bt. 'Umays|Asma' bt. 'Umays b. Nu'man]]. [[Ibn 'Inaba]] enumerates eight children for them, including [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far|'Abd Allah]], | Ja'far was married to [[Asma' bt. 'Umays|Asma' bt. 'Umays b. Nu'man]]. [[Ibn 'Inaba]] enumerates eight children for them, including [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far|'Abd Allah]], 'Awn, Muhammad, and Ahmad. | ||
==His Guardianship by His Uncle== | ==His Guardianship by His Uncle== | ||
When [[Abu Talib|his father]] became very destitute, Ja'far was given to the care of his uncle [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]]. | When [[Abu Talib|his father]] became very destitute, Ja'far was given to the care of his uncle [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]]. Ja'far lived with his uncle until he accepted Islam and became independent. | ||
==His Conversion to Islam== | ==His Conversion to Islam== | ||
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It is reported that the [[Prophet (s)]] said, "People are created from different trees. Ja'far and I are created from the same tree, and we have the same substance."<ref>Isfahani, P.10</ref> In another hadith, he said, "Ja'far, you are like me in appearance and behavior."<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.22, P.276</ref> This similarity was so much that sometimes people greeted Ja'far by saying, "Assalamu Alaykum, O the messenger of God!" Ja'far replied,"I am not the messenger of God, but Ja'far."<ref>Al-Amin al-'Amili, Vol.4, P.125</ref> | It is reported that the [[Prophet (s)]] said, "People are created from different trees. Ja'far and I are created from the same tree, and we have the same substance."<ref>Isfahani, P.10</ref> In another hadith, he said, "Ja'far, you are like me in appearance and behavior."<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.22, P.276</ref> This similarity was so much that sometimes people greeted Ja'far by saying, "Assalamu Alaykum, O the messenger of God!" Ja'far replied,"I am not the messenger of God, but Ja'far."<ref>Al-Amin al-'Amili, Vol.4, P.125</ref> | ||
The [[Prophet (s)]] liked him very much. He donated a portion of booty from the [[Battle of Badr]] to Ja'far, although | The [[Prophet (s)]] liked him very much. He donated a portion of booty from the [[Battle of Badr]] to Ja'far, although Ja'far had not attended it. Returning from the [[Battle of Khaybar]], the Prophet (s) met Ja'far, who had just come from [[Abyssinia]], hugged him, and kissed the point between his eyes, saying,"I don't know what to celebrate: meeting Ja'far or our triumph in Khaybar?" Then, he taught him a prayer, which is known as the [[Prayer of Ja'far al-Tayyar]]. | ||
[[Imam 'Ali (a)]] liked him so much that [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far]] said, "Whenever I wanted something from my uncle, I abjured him by the name of my father, Ja'far, and he accepted."<ref>Al-Amin al-'Amili, Vol.4, P.126</ref> | [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] liked him so much that [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far]] said, "Whenever I wanted something from my uncle, I abjured him by the name of my father, Ja'far, and he accepted."<ref>Al-Amin al-'Amili, Vol.4, P.126</ref> | ||
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==Immigration to Abyssinia== | ==Immigration to Abyssinia== | ||
Five years after the [[Prophet (s)]] started his mission (614 C.E.), as a consequence of being annoyed by [[pagan]]s of [[Mecca]], and upon a commandment from the Prophet (s), a group of Muslims migrated from Mecca to [[Abyssinia]] to take refuge from persecution. Ja'far led the group, which was composed of 82 men and some women and children. The Prophet (s) said to these people, "Take refuge in Abyssinia. Their king is a righteous man, who does not wrong anyone. Travel there until God makes an opening for Muslims."<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.18, P.412</ref> | Five years after the [[Prophet (s)]] started his mission ([[614]] C.E.), as a consequence of being annoyed by [[pagan]]s of [[Mecca]], and upon a commandment from the Prophet (s), a group of Muslims migrated from Mecca to [[Abyssinia]] to take refuge from persecution. Ja'far led the group, which was composed of 82 men and some women and children. The Prophet (s) said to these people, "Take refuge in Abyssinia. Their king is a righteous man, who does not wrong anyone. Travel there until God makes an opening for Muslims."<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.18, P.412</ref> | ||
Upon learning about the entrance of the Muslim group, [[Negus]] called them to the court. Ja'far b. Abi Talib said to Negus, "I will tell you what I have heard from my leader, the Prophet (s)." Then as a spokesperson of Islam, he said, "A prophet has emerged among us to call us to avoid idolatory, usury, wronging others, unjust bloodshed, adultery, and fornication. He has invited us to prayer, [[zakat]] (charity), justice and kindness to neighbors." Then, Negus asked him, "Do you have anything from what the Prophet (s) has brought you from God?" Ja'far read verses from the Sura 19 ([[Sura Maryam|Maryam]]) which was about the story of [[Mary]] and [[Jesus (a)]]. Negus wept after he heard these verses.<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.18, P.415</ref> Meccan unbelievers had tried to persuade Negus with gifts to reject the Muslim group; but he refused their request. Muslims could live safely in that land. | Upon learning about the entrance of the Muslim group, [[Negus]] called them to the court. Ja'far b. Abi Talib said to Negus, "I will tell you what I have heard from my leader, the Prophet (s)." Then as a spokesperson of Islam, he said, "A prophet has emerged among us to call us to avoid idolatory, usury, wronging others, unjust bloodshed, adultery, and fornication. He has invited us to prayer, [[zakat]] (charity), justice and kindness to neighbors." Then, Negus asked him, "Do you have anything from what the Prophet (s) has brought you from God?" Ja'far read verses from the Sura 19 ([[Sura Maryam|Maryam]]) which was about the story of [[Mary]] and [[Jesus (a)]]. Negus wept after he heard these verses.<ref>Al-Majlisi, Vol.18, P.415</ref> Meccan unbelievers had tried to persuade Negus with gifts to reject the Muslim group; but he refused their request. Muslims could live safely in that land. | ||
Muslims stayed in Abyssinia until the year 6/628. Just before the [[Battle of Khaybar]], the Prophet (s) asked Negus to return the Muslims. He accepted, | Muslims stayed in Abyssinia until the year [[6]]/628. Just before the [[Battle of Khaybar]], the Prophet (s) asked Negus to return the Muslims. He accepted, embraced Islam, and sent Ja'far and others, including [['Amr b. Umayya al-Damri]], in two ships to [[Medina]]. | ||
==Ja'far as the Commander of the Islamic Army== | ==Ja'far as the Commander of the Islamic Army== | ||
After the [[Battle of Khaybar]] and Ja'far's return from [[Abyssinia]], the [[Prophet (s)]] appointed him as the commander of the Islamic Army in [[Jumada I]] of the year 8 | After the [[Battle of Khaybar]] and Ja'far's return from [[Abyssinia]], the [[Prophet (s)]] appointed him as the commander of the Islamic Army in [[Jumada I]] of the year [[8]]/629. He went to war against the Byzantine Army in Muta. He said, "If Ja'far is killed, [[Zayd b. Haritha]] will take over the commandment; and if he is killed, [['Abd Allah b. Rawaha]] will replace him." Some believe that Zayd b. Haritha was the first commander and Ja'far was the second. | ||
==Martyrdom== | ==Martyrdom== | ||
[[File:Ja'far b. Abi Talib-2.jpg|thumbnail|The grave of Ja'far b. Abi Talib, [[Jordan]]]] | [[File:Ja'far b. Abi Talib-2.jpg|thumbnail|The grave of Ja'far b. Abi Talib, [[Jordan]]]] | ||
Ja'far was killed in the [[Battle of Muta]] in Jumada I of the year 8 | Ja'far was killed in the [[Battle of Muta]] in Jumada I of the year 8/629. [[Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani]], believes that Ja'far was the first child of Abu Talib to be martyred for Islam.<ref>al-Isfahani, P.3</ref> [[Al-Tabari]] says, "After Zayd martyred, Ja'far took over the commandment of war. When he saw that he was surrounded by the enemy, he got off from his horse and cut off its legs [so that it would not fall into the hands of the enemy]. Then he fought until his hands were cut off and he died."<ref>Al-Tabari, Vol.2, P.321</ref> It is mostly believed that he was then 41 years old and was the tenth person to die in this battle. | ||
[[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] reports that after Ja'far's martyrdom, the Prophet (s) visited his family and wept and hugged Ja'far's children and condoled them.It is reported that [[Asma' bt. 'Umays]] and [[Ka'b b. Malik]] composed dirges for Ja'far. | [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] reports that after Ja'far's martyrdom, the Prophet (s) visited his family and wept and hugged Ja'far's children and condoled them. It is reported that [[Asma' bt. 'Umays]] and [[Ka'b b. Malik]] composed dirges for Ja'far. | ||
==Tomb== | ==Tomb== | ||
Ja'far and other Muslims who were martyred in that battle were buried in Mazar, near | Ja'far and other Muslims who were martyred in that battle were buried in Mazar, near Muta, [[Jordan]]. Muslims honor his grave. Ja'far, [['Abd Allah b. Rawaha]] and [[Zayd b. Haritha]] were buried in one tomb, which was then hidden. | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<div style="{{column-count|2}}"> | <div style="{{column-count|2}}"> | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[http://fa.wikishia.net/%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8 جعفر بن أبي طالب]}} in Farsi Wikishia. | |||
* [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Al-Amin al-'Amili, Sayyid Muhsin]], ''[[A'yan al-shi'a]], dar al-ta'aruf, Beirut; | * [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Al-Amin al-'Amili, Sayyid Muhsin]], ''[[A'yan al-shi'a]], dar al-ta'aruf, Beirut; | ||
* Al-Dhahabi, Muhammad, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala''', mua'ssisa al-risala, Beirut, 1413 AH/1993; | * Al-Dhahabi, Muhammad, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala''', mua'ssisa al-risala, Beirut, 1413 AH/1993; | ||
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* [[Abu Talib]] | * [[Abu Talib]] | ||
{{template:the Prophet (s)}} | {{template:the Prophet (s)}} | ||
{{Sahabas}} | {{Sahabas}} | ||