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Abu Talib: Difference between revisions
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'''ʿAbd Manāf b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Ḥāshim''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| عَبد مَناف بن عَبدالمُطَّلِب بن هاشِم}}) known as '''Abū Ṭālib ''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|اَبوطالِب}}), the father of [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and the uncle of [[Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah (s)]], was among the | '''ʿAbd Manāf b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Ḥāshim''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| عَبد مَناف بن عَبدالمُطَّلِب بن هاشِم}}) known as '''Abū Ṭālib ''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|اَبوطالِب}}), the father of [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and the uncle of [[Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah (s)]], was among the nobles of [[Mecca]] and the [[Tribe of Banu Hashim]]. After [['Abd al-Muttalib (a)]], his father, passed away, he took the guardianship of Muhammad (s), his nephew, and greatly supported him during his mission. | ||
The [[faith of Abu Talib]] has been a subject of controversy between Shi'a and some Sunni scholars. There is historical and hadith evidence supporting that Abu Talib was a Muslim. In the [[poems of Abu Talib]], there are many verses which show his belief in [[Islam]] and the [[prophethood]] of the [[Prophet (s)]]. | The [[faith of Abu Talib]] has been a subject of controversy between Shi'a and some Sunni scholars. There is historical and hadith evidence supporting that Abu Talib was a Muslim. In the [[poems of Abu Talib]], there are many verses which show his belief in [[Islam]] and the [[prophethood]] of the [[Prophet (s)]]. | ||
He passed away | He passed away on [[Rajab 26]], 10 years after Bi'tha/[[March 10]], 620 and was buried in Mecca beside the grave of his father, 'Abd al-Muttalib (a), in [[al-Hajun Cemetery]]. | ||
== Birth and Lineage == | == Birth and Lineage == | ||
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== Wife and Children == | == Wife and Children == | ||
Abu Talib had four sons. His sons in the order of age were [[Talib b. Abi Talib|Talib]], [['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]], [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] and [[Imam 'Ali (a)|'Ali (a)]]. He also had two daughters, [[Fakhita bt. Abi Talib|Umm Hani]] (Fakhita) | Abu Talib had four sons. His sons in the order of age were [[Talib b. Abi Talib|Talib]], [['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]], [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] and [[Imam 'Ali (a)|'Ali (a)]]. He also had two daughters, [[Fakhita bt. Abi Talib|Umm Hani]] (Fakhita) and [[Jumana bt. Abi Talib|Jumana]].<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''Tadhkirat al-khawāṣṣ'', p. 158-167.</ref> Some sources mention an additional daughter named [[Rayta bt. Abi Talib|Rayta]]. The mother of all of his children was [[Fatima bt. Asad]]. It is also reported that he had another child called Tulayq whose mother was named 'Alla.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 121-122.</ref> | ||
== Social Position, Occupation, and Traits == | == Social Position, Occupation, and Traits == | ||
Abu Talib had two jobs which included serving [[hajj pilgrims]] and [[Siqayat al-Haj|giving water]] to them in [[Mecca]].<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 13.</ref> | Abu Talib had two jobs which included serving [[hajj pilgrims]] and [[Siqayat al-Haj|giving water]] to them in [[Mecca]].<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 13.</ref> He was a merchand and he traded perfume and wheat.<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 575.</ref> | ||
According to a narration from [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and the reports of historians, although Abu Talib was a needy person, he was a nobleman of [[Quraysh]] and dear to them. He was known for his sheer grandeur and wisdom.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 111; Qummī, ''al-Kinā wa l-alqāb'', vol. 1, p. 108-109.</ref> Regarding his generosity, it is said that, on the day he gave food to the needy, no one else in Quraysh gave food.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 2, p. 288.</ref> He was the first person who initiated the rule of swearing the guardians of the murdered in pre-Islam [[Age of Jahiliyya|Jahiliyya era]] and later Islam | According to a narration from [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and the reports of historians, although Abu Talib was a needy person, he was a nobleman of [[Quraysh]] and dear to them. He was known for his sheer grandeur and wisdom.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 111; Qummī, ''al-Kinā wa l-alqāb'', vol. 1, p. 108-109.</ref> Regarding his generosity, it is said that, on the day he gave food to the needy, no one else in Quraysh gave food.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 2, p. 288.</ref> He was the first person who initiated the rule of swearing the guardians of the murdered in pre-Islam [[Age of Jahiliyya|Jahiliyya era]] and later Islam endorsed it. (see: [[qusama]])<ref>Nasāʾī, ''Sunan al-Nasāʾī'', vol. 8, p. 2-4.</ref> Following [['Abd al-Muttalib|his father]]'s conduct, he also had forbidden wine to himself.<ref>Ḥalabī, ''al-Sīra al-ḥalabīyya'', vol. 1, p. 184.</ref> | ||
== Guardianship of the Prophet (s) == | == Guardianship of the Prophet (s) == | ||
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Historical reports explain Abu Talib's unreserved support for the [[Prophet (s)]] against the pressures and threats of Quraysh. Although Abu Talib was 75 years old at the beginning of the Prophet's (s) mission, he expressed his support for the Prophet (s) from the initial stage. During his meetings and talks with chiefs of [[Quraysh]], he formally announced his support for the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 172-173.</ref> | Historical reports explain Abu Talib's unreserved support for the [[Prophet (s)]] against the pressures and threats of Quraysh. Although Abu Talib was 75 years old at the beginning of the Prophet's (s) mission, he expressed his support for the Prophet (s) from the initial stage. During his meetings and talks with chiefs of [[Quraysh]], he formally announced his support for the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 172-173.</ref> | ||
Heads of Quraysh offered Abu Talib to exchange the Prophet (s) with Ammara b. al-Walid al-Makhzumi, who was a handsome, powerful young man | Heads of Quraysh offered Abu Talib to exchange the Prophet (s) with Ammara b. al-Walid al-Makhzumi, who was a handsome, powerful young man. He criticized and rejected them.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 327; Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 267.</ref> His support for the Prophet (s) was to the extent that he and [[Fatima bt. Asad|his wife]] became like real parents of the Prophet (s).<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 14.</ref> It is quoted from the Prophet (s), "[[Quraysh]] feared me until Abu Talib was alive."<ref>Ibn kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 3, p. 164.</ref> [[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] narrated that when Abu Talib passed away, [[Jabra'il]] came to the Prophet (s) and told him, "Leave Mecca since you have no support in this city."<ref>Mufīd, ''Īmān Abī Ṭālib'', p. 24.</ref> | ||
== Poems == | == Poems == | ||
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== Demise == | == Demise == | ||
There are different reports on the day and month Abu Talib passed away, but according to [[ | There are different reports on the day and month Abu Talib passed away, but according to [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] , he passed away on [[Rajab 26]], 10 years after the Prophet (s) started his mission ([[March 10]], 620). After mentioning the date [[Lady Khadija (a)]] passed away, Yaqubi believes that Abu Talib passed away three later at the age of 86 or 90.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 1, p. 354.</ref> Some have mentioned his demise happened on the 1st of [[Dhu l-Qa'da]] (June 11) or [[Shawwal]] (May 13).<ref>Maqrīzī, ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 45.</ref> The [[Prophet (s)]] called that year "[['Am al-Huzn]]" (Year of Sadness).<ref>Maqrīzī, ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 45.</ref> On the day Abu Talib passed away, the Prophet (s) asked [['Ali (a)]] to perform the [[ghusl of the dead]] for Abu Talib and [[Shroud|enshroud]] him while he (s) was very sorrowful and cried and prayed to [[God]] for Abu Talib's (a) forgiveness.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 35, p. 163.</ref> When they arrived at the burial place of Abu Talib, the Prophet (s) said, "I ask God for your forgiveness in the manner that all [[Jinn|Jinns]] and people wonder."<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 14, p. 76.</ref> He was buried in [[Mecca]] beside the grave of his father 'Abd al-Muttalib (a) in [[al-Hajun cemetery]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 29.</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||