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'''The incident of the attack on the house of Lady Fatima (a)''' (Arabic: {{ia|(س) واقعة الهجوم على بيت الزهراء}}) refers to going of [['Umar b. Khattab]] and his companions in front of the house of [[Lady Fatima (a)]] to call [[Imam Ali (a)]] and other people in the house to pledge [[allegiance]] to [[Abu Bakr]]. [[Shiite]] and [[Sunni]] sources have reported that in this incident, which took place after the demise of the [[Prophet (s)]] (28 Safar 11 AH/[[25 May]] 632), ‘Umar b. Khattab threatened to set the house on fire if the people of the house did not exit the house.
'''The incident of the attack on the house of Lady Fatima (a)''' (Arabic: {{ia|(س) واقعة الهجوم على بيت الزهراء}}) refers to going of [['Umar b. Khattab]] and his companions in front of the house of [[Lady Fatima (a)]] to call [[Imam Ali (a)]] and other people in the house to pledge [[allegiance]] to [[Abu Bakr]]. [[Shiite]] and [[Sunni]] sources have reported that in this incident, which took place after the demise of the [[Prophet (s)]] ([[28 Safar]] [[11 AH]]/[[25 May]] 632), ‘Umar b. Khattab threatened to set the house on fire if the people of the house did not exit the house.


In the ''[[book of Sulaym b. Qays]]'', ''[[Ithbat al-wasiyya]]'' and ''[[Tafsir al-'Ayyashi]]'', among the first Shiite sources, it is mentioned that in this incident, which led to the breaking and burning of the door of the house, the unborn child of Fatima (a), [[Al-Muhsin b. al-Imam Ali (a)|Muhsin (a)]], was aborted and it later led to the [[martyrdom of Lady Fatima (a)]]. Sunni sources deny burning the door and injuring Lady Fatima (a), and accused its narrators of being “[[Rafidi]]” [lit. “dissenter”].
In the ''[[book of Sulaym b. Qays]]'', ''[[Ithbat al-wasiyya]]'' and ''[[Tafsir al-'Ayyashi]]'', among the first Shiite sources, it is mentioned that in this incident, which led to the breaking and burning of the door of the house, the unborn child of Fatima (a), [[Al-Muhsin b. al-Imam Ali (a)|Muhsin (a)]], was aborted and it later led to the [[martyrdom of Lady Fatima (a)]]. Sunni sources deny burning the door and injuring Lady Fatima (a), and accused its narrators of being “[[Rafidi]]” [lit. “dissenter”].
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Ali (a) was taken to Abu Bakr and threatened that he (a) would be beheaded if he (a) did not pledge allegiance. It is stated in the ''[[book of Sulaym b. Qays]]'' that Ali (a) argued in that gathering and reminded the audience of the words of the [[Prophet (s)]] on the [[day of Ghadir]] and other occasions about his succession, but Abu Bakr said that he had heard from the Prophet (s) that [[prophethood]] and [[caliphate]] would not gather in the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]].
Ali (a) was taken to Abu Bakr and threatened that he (a) would be beheaded if he (a) did not pledge allegiance. It is stated in the ''[[book of Sulaym b. Qays]]'' that Ali (a) argued in that gathering and reminded the audience of the words of the [[Prophet (s)]] on the [[day of Ghadir]] and other occasions about his succession, but Abu Bakr said that he had heard from the Prophet (s) that [[prophethood]] and [[caliphate]] would not gather in the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]].


According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], Imam Ali (a) did not pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr on the day of Saqifa, but there are various reports about whether he (a) pledged allegiance later or not, including that he (a) pledged allegiance after forty days or six months or after the [[martyrdom of Lady Fatima (a)]]. Shaykh al-Mufid himself believed that Ali (a) never pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr. According to a report, when Ali (a) was threatened that if he (a) did not pledge allegiance, he (a) would be beheaded, Abbas, the Prophet’s (s) uncle, took Ali’s (a) hand and rubbed on the hand of Abu Bakr in order to save Ali’s (a) life, and thus they let Ali (a) go; but according to the report of ''al-Imama wa al-siyasa'', Abu Bakr said that he would not force Ali (a) to swear allegiance as long as Fatima (a) was with him.  
According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], Imam Ali (a) did not pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr on the day of Saqifa, but there are various reports about whether he (a) pledged allegiance later or not, including that he (a) pledged allegiance after forty days or six months or after the [[martyrdom of Lady Fatima (a)]]. Shaykh al-Mufid himself believed that Ali (a) never pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr. According to a report, when Ali (a) was threatened that if he (a) did not pledge allegiance, he (a) would be beheaded, Abbas, the Prophet’s (s) uncle, took Ali’s (a) hand and rubbed on the hand of Abu Bakr in order to save Ali’s (a) life, and thus they let Ali (a) go; but according to the report of ''al-Imama wa al-siyasa'', Abu Bakr said that he would not force Ali (a) to swear allegiance as long as Fatima (a) was with him.
 
=====Imam Ali (a) said about the events after the demise of the Prophet (s):=====
“When Allah took the Prophet (to himself) a group of men went back on their tracks. The ways (of misguidance) ruined them and they placed trust in deceitful intriguers, showed consideration to other than kinsmen, abandoned the kin whom they had been ordered to love, and shifted the building from its strong foundation and built it in other than its (proper) place.”<ref>''Nahj al-balagha'', Khutba 150, translated by Sayyid Ja'far Shahidi.</ref>


===Fatima’s (a) Reaction===
===Fatima’s (a) Reaction===
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[['Umar b. Khattab]] went to Fatima’s (a) house by the order of Abu Bakr to take Ali (a) and his companions for allegiance. When he was confronted by refusal of the people of the house, he ordered firewood to be collected and threatened to set the house on fire with the people in it. ‘Umar’s threat of setting fire to the house has been reported in some Sunni sources such as ''al-‘Aqd al-farid'', ''[[Tarikh al-Tabari]]'', ''Ansab al-ashraf'', ''al-Musannif'', and ''al-Imama wa al-siyasa''. According to Ibn ‘Abd Rabbih, a writer and historian of the third/ninth and fourth/tenth centuries, Abu Bakr told ‘Umar that if the people of the house refused to come out, fight them. ‘Umar, holding a fire torch, threatened to burn the house if the people of the house would not pledge allegiance. According to ''al-Imama wa al-siyasa'', when ‘Umar made such a threat, he was told that Fatima (a) was in this house. ‘Umar replied: “Even though she (a) is at home.”
[['Umar b. Khattab]] went to Fatima’s (a) house by the order of Abu Bakr to take Ali (a) and his companions for allegiance. When he was confronted by refusal of the people of the house, he ordered firewood to be collected and threatened to set the house on fire with the people in it. ‘Umar’s threat of setting fire to the house has been reported in some Sunni sources such as ''al-‘Aqd al-farid'', ''[[Tarikh al-Tabari]]'', ''Ansab al-ashraf'', ''al-Musannif'', and ''al-Imama wa al-siyasa''. According to Ibn ‘Abd Rabbih, a writer and historian of the third/ninth and fourth/tenth centuries, Abu Bakr told ‘Umar that if the people of the house refused to come out, fight them. ‘Umar, holding a fire torch, threatened to burn the house if the people of the house would not pledge allegiance. According to ''al-Imama wa al-siyasa'', when ‘Umar made such a threat, he was told that Fatima (a) was in this house. ‘Umar replied: “Even though she (a) is at home.”


In the sources, the names of some of those who accompanied ‘Umar in this attack are mentioned, including [[Usayd b. Hudayr]], Salama b. Salama b. Waqsh, Thabit b. Qays b. Shammas Khazraji, [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]], Muhammad b. Muslima and Zayd b. Aslam.
In the sources, the names of some of those who accompanied ‘Umar in this attack are mentioned, including [[Usayd b. Hudayr]], Salama b. Salama b. Waqsh,<ref>In another narration, Salma b. Aslam b. Juraysh is mentioned.</ref> Thabit b. Qays b. Shammas Khazraji, [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]], Muhammad b. Muslima and Zayd b. Aslam.


[[Sayyid Ja'far Shahidi]] believes that ‘Umar’s threat to burn down Fatima’s (a) house, quoted in ''Ansab al-ashraf'' and ''al-‘Aqd al-farid'' among [[Sunni]] sources, could not be fabricated by Shiite sympathizers or their friends’ political factions because Shiites had no power in the first/seventh centuries and were a minority. Moreover, the report is recorded in western Islamic sources where Shiites were not present. Shahidi believes that those present in Saqifa were more concerned with the government than with religion.
[[Sayyid Ja'far Shahidi]] believes that ‘Umar’s threat to burn down Fatima’s (a) house, quoted in ''Ansab al-ashraf'' and ''al-‘Aqd al-farid'' among [[Sunni]] sources, could not be fabricated by Shiite sympathizers or their friends’ political factions because Shiites had no power in the first/seventh centuries and were a minority. Moreover, the report is recorded in western Islamic sources where Shiites were not present. Shahidi believes that those present in Saqifa were more concerned with the government than with religion.
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Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi (d. 748/1347) in ''Sayr a'lam al-nubala'', in introducing Ibn Abi Daram, the fourth/tenth century narrator in [[Kufa]], calls him a leader, a guardian and knowledgeable, but considers his inclination toward Rafida as the cause of his unreliability and says that in the end of his life, defects of caliphs were recited to him, including that ‘Umar had harmed Fatima (a) and caused her to have an abortion. For this reason, al-Dhahabi considered him astray. Ibn Hajar 'Asqalani (d. 852/1448) also considered Ibn Abi Daram as a Rafidiyy and liar in ''Lisan al-mizan'' for quoting reports of the [caliphs’] defects including Fatima’s (a) abortion.
Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi (d. 748/1347) in ''Sayr a'lam al-nubala'', in introducing Ibn Abi Daram, the fourth/tenth century narrator in [[Kufa]], calls him a leader, a guardian and knowledgeable, but considers his inclination toward Rafida as the cause of his unreliability and says that in the end of his life, defects of caliphs were recited to him, including that ‘Umar had harmed Fatima (a) and caused her to have an abortion. For this reason, al-Dhahabi considered him astray. Ibn Hajar 'Asqalani (d. 852/1448) also considered Ibn Abi Daram as a Rafidiyy and liar in ''Lisan al-mizan'' for quoting reports of the [caliphs’] defects including Fatima’s (a) abortion.
[Quotation box] Imam Ali (a) said about the events after the demise of the Prophet (a):
“When Allah took the Prophet (to himself) a group of men went back on their tracks. The ways (of misguidance) ruined them and they placed trust in deceitful intriguers, showed consideration to other than kinsmen, abandoned the kin whom they had been ordered to love, and shifted the building from its strong foundation and built it in other than its (proper) place.”


==Notes==
==Notes==
* Note 2: In another narration, Salma b. Aslam b. Juraysh is mentioned.
{{notes}}


==References==
==References==
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