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Hadith of the Divider of the Hell and the Heaven: Difference between revisions
Hadith of the Divider of the Hell and the Heaven (view source)
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* “O 'Ali, indeed, you are the divider of the Heaven on the day of resurrection, telling the Hell this is mine and this is yours.”<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 86; Furāt al-Kūfī, ''Tafsīr furāt al-kūfī'', p. 511, H. 667.</ref> | * “O 'Ali, indeed, you are the divider of the Heaven on the day of resurrection, telling the Hell this is mine and this is yours.”<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 86; Furāt al-Kūfī, ''Tafsīr furāt al-kūfī'', p. 511, H. 667.</ref> | ||
* “O 'Ali, indeed, you are the divider of the Hell, and indeed, you knock on the Heaven’s door, entering the Heaven without any reckoning.”<ref>Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 107; Khwārizmī, '' | * “O 'Ali, indeed, you are the divider of the Hell, and indeed, you knock on the Heaven’s door, entering the Heaven without any reckoning.”<ref>Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 107; Khwārizmī, ''al-Manāqib'', p. 295; Ḥamūyī al-Juwaynī, ''Frāʾid al-samaṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 325.</ref> | ||
Moreover, there are hadiths in which Imam 'Ali (a) refers to himself as the divider of the Heaven and the Hell,<ref>Ṣaffār, ''Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 415; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 42, p. 298; Ḥamūyī al-Juwaynī, ''Frāʾid al-samaṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 326; Ibn Mardawayh Iṣfahānī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 133.</ref> including “I am the distinguisher (faruq) who distinguishes between the truth and the falsehood; I take my friends inside the Heaven and my enemies inside the Hell.”<ref>Furāt al-Kūfī, ''Tafsīr furāt al-kūfī'', p. 67.</ref> | Moreover, there are hadiths in which Imam 'Ali (a) refers to himself as the divider of the Heaven and the Hell,<ref>Ṣaffār, ''Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 415; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 42, p. 298; Ḥamūyī al-Juwaynī, ''Frāʾid al-samaṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 326; Ibn Mardawayh Iṣfahānī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 133.</ref> including “I am the distinguisher (faruq) who distinguishes between the truth and the falsehood; I take my friends inside the Heaven and my enemies inside the Hell.”<ref>Furāt al-Kūfī, ''Tafsīr furāt al-kūfī'', p. 67.</ref> | ||
“The Divider of the Heaven and the Hell” is also said to be a title of Imam 'Ali (a).<ref>Khwārizmī, '' | “The Divider of the Heaven and the Hell” is also said to be a title of Imam 'Ali (a).<ref>Khwārizmī, ''al-Manāqib'', p. 41, 42; Ḥamūyī al-Juwaynī, ''Frāʾid al-samaṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 308.</ref> The hadith is cited in Imam 'Ali’s [[ziyara]] (attestation of pilgrimage) as well.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 570; Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 6, p. 29.</ref> | ||
==Interpretations of the Hadith== | ==Interpretations of the Hadith== | ||
According to Muslim scholars, there are two major interpretations of the phrase “the divider of the Hell and the Heaven”: | According to Muslim scholars, there are two major interpretations of the phrase “the divider of the Hell and the Heaven”: | ||
* '''First''', those who love Imam 'Ali (a) are indeed guided to the right path, and thus, they go to the Heaven, while his enemies are misguided, and hence, they go to the Hell. In reply to someone who denied the hadith of “I am the divider of the Hell,” [[Ahmad b. Hanbal]], a Sunni jurist (d. 241/855), adduced another hadith by the Prophet (s) concerning 'Ali (a): “No one loves you except a [[believer]], and no one takes you as an enemy except a [[hypocrite]],” and given that believers go to the Heaven and hypocrites go to the Hell, he infers that 'Ali is indeed the divider of the Hell. | * '''First''', those who love Imam 'Ali (a) are indeed guided to the right path, and thus, they go to the Heaven, while his enemies are misguided, and hence, they go to the Hell.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 19, p. 139; Māzandarānī, ''Sharḥ uṣūl kāfī'', vol. 11, p. 289, vol. 12, p. 172; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 39, p. 210; Ḥamūyī al-Juwaynī, ''Frāʾid al-samaṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 326.</ref> In reply to someone who denied the hadith of “I am the divider of the Hell,” [[Ahmad b. Hanbal]], a Sunni jurist (d. 241/855), adduced another hadith by the Prophet (s) concerning 'Ali (a): “No one loves you except a [[believer]], and no one takes you as an enemy except a [[hypocrite]],” and given that believers go to the Heaven and hypocrites go to the Hell, he infers that 'Ali is indeed the divider of the Hell.<ref>Ibn Abī Yaʿlī, ''Ṭabaqāt al-ḥanābila'', vol. 1, p. 320.</ref> | ||
* '''Second''', Imam 'Ali (a) is literally a divider of the Heaven and the Hell on the [[day of resurrection]]; that is, he says who would go to the Heaven and who would go to the Hell. | * '''Second''', Imam 'Ali (a) is literally a divider of the Heaven and the Hell on the [[day of resurrection]]; that is, he says who would go to the Heaven and who would go to the Hell.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 19, p. 139; Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 107; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 39, p. 210.</ref> | ||
Both interpretations are implicit in certain hadiths as well. | Both interpretations are implicit in certain hadiths as well.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 86; Ṣadūq, ''ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 162; Ibn Abī Yaʿlī, ''Ṭabaqāt al-ḥanābila'', vol. 1, p. 320.</ref> | ||
Some people have said that since Imam 'Ali (a) is an [[Imam]], his deeds and words are authoritative, which implies that his followers go to the Heaven and those who defy him go to the Hell. | Some people have said that since Imam 'Ali (a) is an [[Imam]], his deeds and words are authoritative, which implies that his followers go to the Heaven and those who defy him go to the Hell.<ref>Ḥusaynī Tihrānī, ''Imām shināsī'', vol. 1, p. 150.</ref> | ||
==Validity and the Chain of Transmission== | ==Validity and the Chain of Transmission== | ||
According to [[al-ʿAllama al-Majlisi]] and some Sunni scholars, the hadith of the divider of the Hell and the Heaven is [[mutawatir]] (frequently transmitted). Immediate Transmitters of the hadith include [[Jabir b. ʿAbd Allah]], [[ʿAbd Allah b. ʿAbbas]], [[Abd Allah b. Umar]], [[Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], [[Abu-l-Tufayl]], and [[Abu Salt al-Hirawi]]. Nevertheless, some Sunni scholars have just cited the hadith through Musa b. Turayf and ʿAbaya b. Ribʿi, who they regarded as unreliable transmitters, thus taking the validity of the hadith into question. | According to [[al-ʿAllama al-Majlisi]]<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 39, p. 210.</ref> and some Sunni scholars, the hadith of the divider of the Hell and the Heaven is [[mutawatir]] (frequently transmitted).<ref>Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 107</ref> Immediate Transmitters of the hadith include [[Jabir b. ʿAbd Allah]],<ref>Ṣaffār, ''Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 415, 416.</ref> [[ʿAbd Allah b. ʿAbbas]],<ref>Ṭabarī Āmulī, ''Bishārat al-Muṣṭafā'', p. 102, 153.</ref> [[Abd Allah b. Umar]],<ref>Ṭabarī Āmulī, ''Bishārat al-Muṣṭafā'', p. 56.</ref> [[Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], <ref>Ṭabarī Āmulī, ''Bishārat al-Muṣṭafā'', p. 164.</ref>[[Abu-l-Tufayl]], <ref>Khazzāz Rāzī, ''Kifāyat al-athar, p. 151.</ref>and [[Abu Salt al-Hirawi]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 86.</ref> Nevertheless, some Sunni scholars have just cited the hadith through Musa b. Turayf and ʿAbaya b. Ribʿi, who they regarded as unreliable transmitters, thus taking the validity of the hadith into question.<ref>Dārqutnī, ''al-ʿIlal al-wāridah fī al-aḥādīth al-nabawī'', vol. 6, p. 273; Dhahabī, ''Mīzān al-iʿtidāl'', vol. 2, p. 387 and vol. 4, p. 208; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 42, p. 298-301; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Lisān al-mīzān'', vol. 3, p. 247 and vol. 6, p. 121; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 7, p. 355; Albānī, ''Sīlsīlat al-aḥādīth al-ḍaʿīfa'', vol. 10, p. 597.</ref> | ||
==In Poetry== | ==In Poetry== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
*Albānī Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn. Sīlsīlat al-aḥādīth al-ḍaʿīfa wa al-mawḍūʿa wa atharuhā al-sayyiʾ fī al-ʾumma. Riyadh: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1412 AH/1992. | *Albānī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn. ''Sīlsīlat al-aḥādīth al-ḍaʿīfa wa al-mawḍūʿa wa atharuhā al-sayyiʾ fī al-ʾumma''. Riyadh: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1412 AH/1992. | ||
*Dārqutnī, ʿAlī b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-ʿIlal al-wāridah fī al-aḥādīth al-nabawī''. Riyadh: Dār al-Ṭayyiba, 1405 AH. | *Dārqutnī, ʿAlī b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-ʿIlal al-wāridah fī al-aḥādīth al-nabawī''. Riyadh: Dār al-Ṭayyiba, 1405 AH. | ||
*Dāwūdī, Yūsuf b. Jawda. ''Manhaj al-imām al-dārqutnī fī naqd al-ḥadīth fī kitāb al-ʿilal''. Cairo: Dār al-Muḥadithīn, 1432 AH/2011. | *Dāwūdī, Yūsuf b. Jawda. ''Manhaj al-imām al-dārqutnī fī naqd al-ḥadīth fī kitāb al-ʿilal''. Cairo: Dār al-Muḥadithīn, 1432 AH/2011. | ||
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[[Category:Hadiths about the virtues of Imam Ali (a)]] | [[Category:Hadiths about the virtues of Imam Ali (a)]] | ||
[[Category:Hadiths of the Prophet (s)]] | [[Category:Hadiths of the Prophet (s)]] | ||