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Ayatollah: Difference between revisions
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==In fourteenth/twentieth century== | ==In fourteenth/twentieth century== | ||
Until the 14th/20th century the title Ayatollah had not been used for any other scholar. In early fourteenth century and for the first time, [[Mirza Husayn Nuri]] (1254/1836-1320/1903) used this title for [[Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi Bahrul'ulum]]. After few decades, [[Shaykh 'abbas Qummi]] used Ayatollah for [[Shaykh Murtida Ansari]], [[Shaykh Husayn Najaf]] and [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Shirazi]]. Gradually [[Mashruta]] historians used the title for [[Akhund Mulla Kazim Khurasani]], [[Haj Mirza Husayn Mirza Khalil]], [[ | Until the 14th/20th century the title Ayatollah had not been used for any other scholar. In early fourteenth century and for the first time, [[Mirza Husayn Nuri]] (1254/1836-1320/1903) used this title for [[Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi Bahrul'ulum]]. After few decades, [[Shaykh 'abbas Qummi]] used Ayatollah for [[Shaykh Murtida Ansari]], [[Shaykh Husayn Najaf]] and [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Shirazi]]. Gradually [[Mashruta]] historians used the title for [[Akhund Mulla Kazim Khurasani]], [[Haj Mirza Husayn Mirza Khalil]], [[shaykh 'abd Allah Mazandarani]] and others. Before that, all [[Marja']]s were referred to, in official correspondences and speeches, as: [[Hujjat al-Islam]]. | ||
===Ayatollah al-'uzma (Grand Ayatollah )=== | ===Ayatollah al-'uzma (Grand Ayatollah )=== | ||
In 1340/1922 and when Shaykh ' | In 1340/1922 and when [[Shaykh 'Abd al-Karim Ha'iri]] established the (Hawza) [[Seminary of Qom]] and it turned to the center of Islamic and [[Shi'a studies]]; some great scholars who gathered there were called Ayatollah and gradually more prominent scholars who were at the position of a [[Marja']] were referred to as Ayatollah al-Uzama (grand Ayatollah ). | ||