Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn: Difference between revisions

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 After their [[martyrdom]], [[Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a)|Imam al-Hadi (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Askari (a)|Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]], the tenth and eleventh Shiite Imams, were laid to rest in their house of dwelling in Samarra. Imam al-Hadi (a) had purchased the house from Dalil b. Ya'qub al-Nasrani. According to [[Dhabih Allah Mahallati]], the house in which al-Imamayn al-'Askariyyayn were [[Burial|buried]] remained in its original form until 328/939-40. Only a window was installed through which people visited the graves of the two Imams. Citing a poem by [[Muhammad b. Tahir al-Samawi al-Najafi|Muhammad al-Samawi]] (1292/1876-1370/1950), Mahallati argues that Nasir al-Dawla al-Hamdani (reign: 323/935 - 356/967), a [[Hamdanid]] ruler, was the first to repair the house, building a dome on their graves in 328/939-40. Later, various reconstructions and repairs were done in the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn. Others who oversaw renovations or restorations in the shrine include [[Mu'izz al-Dawla al-Daylami]] and [[Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami|'Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami]], [[Buyid Dynasty|Buyid]] rulers (reign: 322/934 - 448/1056-7), Arsalan al-Basasiri (d. 451/1059-60), Sultan Berkyaruq (d. 498/1104-5), a Seljuk king, Ahmad al-Nasir li-Din Allah (622/1225) and al-Mustansir bi-Allah (640/1242-3), two Abbasid caliphs, Sultan Hasan al-Jalayiri (d. 776/1374), [[Sultan Hoseyn Safavi]] (reign: 1105/1693-4 -1135/1722-3), a Safavid king, Ahmad Khan Dunbuli and Hasanquli Khan Dunbuli (d. 1918-9), [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]] (reign: 1264/1848-1313/1895-6), and [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan al-Shirazi|Mirza Shirazi]] (1230/1815 -1312/1894-5).
 ==Devastation in a Terrorist Attack==
-The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn was targeted in two separate terrorist attacks carried out by excommunicationist groups in 2005 and 2007, resulting in the destruction of the shrine. The bombings were met with widespread condemnation from Shiite authorities and communities around the world. Although the shrine’s dome, adorned with a brick gilded cover, and its intricate tessellations collapsed in the bombings, the foundations of the dome, the main structure of the shrine, and its walls remained intact. Following the attacks, the Iranian Committee for the Reconstruction of 'Atabat 'Aliyat undertook the task of rebuilding the shrine from 1389 Sh to 1394 Sh. The reconstruction effort included gilding the dome using 23,000 golden bricks and building a new darih under the supervision of Sayyid Javad Shahrestani, the representative of Ayatollah al-Sistani in Iran.
+Main article: [[Demolition of the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a)]]
+The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn was targeted in two separate terrorist attacks carried out by excommunicationist groups in 2006 and 2007, resulting in the destruction of the shrine. The bombings were met with widespread condemnation from [[Marja'|Shiite authorities]] and communities around the world. Although the shrine’s dome, adorned with a brick gilded cover, and its intricate tessellations collapsed in the bombings, the foundations of the dome, the main structure of the shrine, and its walls remained intact. Following the attacks, the Iranian Committee for the Reconstruction of 'Atabat 'Aliyat undertook the task of rebuilding the shrine from 2010 to 2015. The reconstruction effort included gilding the dome using 23,000 golden bricks and building a new [[darih]] under the supervision of Sayyid Javad Shahrestani, the representative of [[Al-Sayyid Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani|Ayatollah al-Sistani]] in [[Iran]].
 ==Architecture and Building==
 The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn consists of various parts, including:
-The dome: The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn boasts the largest dome among all the shrines of Shiite Imams, with an impressive area of 1,200 square meters.
+* '''The dome:''' The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn boasts the largest dome among all the shrines of [[Imams of the Shi'a|Shiite Imams]], with an impressive area of 1,200 square meters.
+* '''Minarets:''' Two minarets flank both sides of the dome, with gildings on top of each.
-Minarets: Two minarets flank both sides of the dome, with gildings on top of each.
+* '''Darih:''' 4,500 kilograms of silver and 70 kilograms of gold are used in making the darih of the shrine.
-Darih: 4,500 kilograms of silver and 70 kilograms of gold are used in making the darih of the shrine.
+* '''Courtyard:''' The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn features a spacious courtyard that is the result of merging several smaller courtyards. Specifically, it combines the courtyard of al-Imamayn, which measures 78 meters in length and 77 meters in width, with the courtyards of al-Musalla (50 meters in length and 40 meters in width) and al-Ghayba (64 meters in length and 5.61 meters in width).
-Courtyard: The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn features a spacious courtyard that is the result of merging several smaller courtyards. Specifically, it combines the courtyard of al-Imamayn, which measures 78 meters in length and 77 meters in width, with the courtyards of al-Musalla (50 meters in length and 40 meters in width) and al-Ghayba (64 meters in length and 5.61 meters in width).
 ==Prominent Figures Buried in the Shrine==
 According to Zabihollah Mahallati in his Maʾathir al-kubra fi tarikh Samarra, the following figures have been buried in the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn: Narij the mother of Imam al-Mahdi (a), Hakima the daughter of Imam al-Jawad (a), Imam al-'Askari’s mother, Husayn b. 'Ali al-Hadi the brother of Imam al-'Askari (a), Ja'far al-Kadhdhab, and Abu Hashim al-Ja'fari a great grandson of Ja'far al-Tayyar. Moreover, Samana al-Maghribiyya the mother of Imam al-Hadi (a), Ahmad Khan Dunbuli (d. 1200 AH), his son Husayn-Quli Khan Dunbuli, and Aqa Rida Hamadani (d. 1322 AH), a student of Mirza Shirazi, are buried in the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn in Samarra.