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Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn: Difference between revisions
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Imam al-Hadi (a) and Imam al-'Askari (a) were laid to rest in their house of dwelling in 254/868 and 260/874, respectively. In 328/939-40, the first dome was erected on their graves, which was frequently repaired and renovated in later periods. In 1384/2006 and 1386/2007, parts of the shrine were [[Demolition of the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a)|devastated]] in a terrorist bombing. After these attacks, the Committee for Reconstruction of 'Atabat and the Office of [[Al-Sayyid Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani|Ayatollah al-Sistani]] reconstructed the shrine’s hall and [[darih]], respectively. | Imam al-Hadi (a) and Imam al-'Askari (a) were laid to rest in their house of dwelling in 254/868 and 260/874, respectively. In 328/939-40, the first dome was erected on their graves, which was frequently repaired and renovated in later periods. In 1384/2006 and 1386/2007, parts of the shrine were [[Demolition of the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a)|devastated]] in a terrorist bombing. After these attacks, the Committee for Reconstruction of 'Atabat and the Office of [[Al-Sayyid Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani|Ayatollah al-Sistani]] reconstructed the shrine’s hall and [[darih]], respectively. | ||
==Place and Significance== | ==Place and Significance== | ||
The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a) is the resting place of two [[Imams of the Shi'a|Shiite Imams]] and a significant pilgrimage destination in [[Iraq]]. The shrine is situated in Samarra (a city located 120 kilometers north of [[Baghdad]]). In Shiite [[Hadith|hadiths]], it is recommended to visit the shrines of the Imams (a). Every year, many Shias from around the world visit the graves of Imam al-Hadi (a) and Imam al-'Askari (a) in Samarra. | The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a) is the resting place of two [[Imams of the Shi'a|Shiite Imams]] and a significant pilgrimage destination in [[Iraq]]. The shrine is situated in Samarra (a city located 120 kilometers north of [[Baghdad]]).<ref>Qāʾidān, ''ʿAtabāt ālīyāt Irāq'', p. 193.</ref> In Shiite [[Hadith|hadiths]], it is recommended to visit the shrines of the Imams (a).<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 6, p. 93.</ref> Every year, many Shias from around the world visit the graves of Imam al-Hadi (a) and Imam al-'Askari (a) in Samarra. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
After their [[martyrdom]], [[Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a)|Imam al-Hadi (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Askari (a)|Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]], the tenth and eleventh Shiite Imams, were laid to rest in their house of dwelling in Samarra. Imam al-Hadi (a) had purchased the house from Dalil b. Ya'qub al-Nasrani. According to [[Dhabih Allah Mahallati]], the house in which al-Imamayn al-'Askariyyayn were [[Burial|buried]] remained in its original form until 328/939-40. Only a window was installed through which people visited the graves of the two Imams. Citing a poem by [[Muhammad b. Tahir al-Samawi al-Najafi|Muhammad al-Samawi]] (1292/1876-1370/1950), Mahallati argues that Nasir al-Dawla al-Hamdani (reign: 323/935 - 356/967), a [[Hamdanid]] ruler, was the first to repair the house, building a dome on their graves in 328/939-40. Later, various reconstructions and repairs were done in the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn. Others who oversaw renovations or restorations in the shrine include [[Mu'izz al-Dawla al-Daylami]] and [[Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami|'Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami]], [[Buyid Dynasty|Buyid]] rulers (reign: 322/934 - 448/1056-7), Arsalan al-Basasiri (d. 451/1059-60), Sultan Berkyaruq (d. 498/1104-5), a Seljuk king, Ahmad al-Nasir li-Din Allah (622/1225) and al-Mustansir bi-Allah (640/1242-3), two Abbasid caliphs, Sultan Hasan al-Jalayiri (d. 776/1374), [[Sultan Hoseyn Safavi]] (reign: 1105/1693-4 -1135/1722-3), a Safavid king, Ahmad Khan Dunbuli and Hasanquli Khan Dunbuli (d. 1918-9), [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]] (reign: 1264/1848-1313/1895-6), and [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan al-Shirazi|Mirza Shirazi]] (1230/1815 -1312/1894-5). | After their [[martyrdom]], [[Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a)|Imam al-Hadi (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Askari (a)|Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]], the tenth and eleventh Shiite Imams, were laid to rest in their house of dwelling in Samarra.<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 315.</ref> Imam al-Hadi (a) had purchased the house from Dalil b. Ya'qub al-Nasrani.<ref>Khaṭīb Baghdādī, ''Tārīkh-i Baghdād'', vol. 13, p. 518.</ref> According to [[Dhabih Allah Mahallati]], the house in which al-Imamayn al-'Askariyyayn were [[Burial|buried]] remained in its original form until 328/939-40. Only a window was installed through which people visited the graves of the two Imams.<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 317.</ref> Citing a poem by [[Muhammad b. Tahir al-Samawi al-Najafi|Muhammad al-Samawi]] (1292/1876-1370/1950), Mahallati argues that Nasir al-Dawla al-Hamdani (reign: 323/935 - 356/967), a [[Hamdanid]] ruler, was the first to repair the house, building a dome on their graves in 328/939-40.<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 318.</ref> Later, various reconstructions and repairs were done in the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn. Others who oversaw renovations or restorations in the shrine include [[Mu'izz al-Dawla al-Daylami]]<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 321.</ref> and [[Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami|'Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami]],<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 324.</ref> [[Buyid Dynasty|Buyid]] rulers (reign: 322/934 - 448/1056-7), Arsalan al-Basasiri (d. 451/1059-60),<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 344.</ref> Sultan Berkyaruq (d. 498/1104-5), a Seljuk king,<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 347-348.</ref> Ahmad al-Nasir li-Din Allah (622/1225)<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 350.</ref> and al-Mustansir bi-Allah (640/1242-3),<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 365-366.</ref> two Abbasid caliphs, Sultan Hasan al-Jalayiri (d. 776/1374),<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 377.</ref> [[Sultan Hoseyn Safavi]] (reign: 1105/1693-4 -1135/1722-3),<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 379-380.</ref> a Safavid king, Ahmad Khan Dunbuli<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 386.</ref> and Hasanquli Khan Dunbuli (d. 1918-9),<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 393.</ref> [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]] (reign: 1264/1848-1313/1895-6), and [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan al-Shirazi|Mirza Shirazi]] (1230/1815 -1312/1894-5).<ref>Ṣiḥḥatī Sardrūdī, ''Guzīda-yi sīmā-yi Sāmarrāʾ'', p. 67.</ref> | ||
==Devastation in a Terrorist Attack== | ==Devastation in a Terrorist Attack== | ||
Main article: [[Demolition of the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a)]] | Main article: [[Demolition of the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a)]] | ||
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* '''Darih:''' 4,500 kilograms of silver and 70 kilograms of gold are used in making the darih of the shrine. | * '''Darih:''' 4,500 kilograms of silver and 70 kilograms of gold are used in making the darih of the shrine. | ||
* '''Courtyard:''' The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn features a spacious courtyard that is the result of merging several smaller courtyards. Specifically, it combines the courtyard of al-Imamayn, which measures 78 meters in length and 77 meters in width, with the courtyards of al-Musalla (50 meters in length and 40 meters in width) and al-Ghayba (64 meters in length and 5.61 meters in width). | * '''Courtyard:''' The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn features a spacious courtyard that is the result of merging several smaller courtyards. Specifically, it combines the courtyard of al-Imamayn, which measures 78 meters in length and 77 meters in width, with the courtyards of al-Musalla (50 meters in length and 40 meters in width) and al-Ghayba (64 meters in length and 5.61 meters in width).<ref>Qāʾidān, ''ʿAtabāt ālīyāt Irāq'', p. 208.</ref> | ||
==Prominent Figures Buried in the Shrine== | ==Prominent Figures Buried in the Shrine== | ||
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According to [[Dhabih Allah Mahallati]] in his ''[[Ma'athir al-kubra fi tarikh Samarra]]'', the following figures have been buried in the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn: | According to [[Dhabih Allah Mahallati]] in his ''[[Ma'athir al-kubra fi tarikh Samarra]]'', the following figures have been buried in the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn: | ||
[[Narjis (a)]] the mother of [[Imam Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Mahdi (a)|Imam al-Mahdi (a)]], [[Hakima Khatoon (disambiguation)|Hakima]] the daughter of [[Imam Muhammad b. Ali al-Jawad (a)|Imam al-Jawad (a)]], [[Hudayth (mother of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a))|Imam al-'Askari’s mother]], Husayn b. 'Ali al-Hadi the brother of [[Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Askari (a)|Imam al-'Askari (a)]], [[Ja'far b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a)|Ja'far al-Kadhdhab]], and [[Dawud b. al-Qasim b. Ishaq|Abu Hashim al-Ja'fari]] a great grandson of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far al-Tayyar]]. Moreover, [[Samana al-Maghribiyya]] the mother of [[Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a)|Imam al-Hadi (a)]], Ahmad Khan Dunbuli (d. 1200/1785-6), his son Husayn-Quli Khan Dunbuli, and [[Rida Hamadani Najafi|Aqa Rida Hamadani]] (d. 1322/1904), a student of [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan al-Shirazi|Mirza Shirazi]], are buried in the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn in [[Samarra]]. | [[Narjis (a)]] the mother of [[Imam Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Mahdi (a)|Imam al-Mahdi (a)]], [[Hakima Khatoon (disambiguation)|Hakima]] the daughter of [[Imam Muhammad b. Ali al-Jawad (a)|Imam al-Jawad (a)]], [[Hudayth (mother of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a))|Imam al-'Askari’s mother]], Husayn b. 'Ali al-Hadi the brother of [[Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Askari (a)|Imam al-'Askari (a)]], [[Ja'far b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a)|Ja'far al-Kadhdhab]], and [[Dawud b. al-Qasim b. Ishaq|Abu Hashim al-Ja'fari]] a great grandson of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far al-Tayyar]]. Moreover, [[Samana al-Maghribiyya]] the mother of [[Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a)|Imam al-Hadi (a)]],<ref>Qāʾidān, ''ʿAtabāt ālīyāt Irāq'', p. 206.</ref> Ahmad Khan Dunbuli (d. 1200/1785-6), his son Husayn-Quli Khan Dunbuli,<ref>Qāʾidān, ''ʿAtabāt ālīyāt Irāq'', p. 218.</ref> and [[Rida Hamadani Najafi|Aqa Rida Hamadani]] (d. 1322/1904), a student of [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan al-Shirazi|Mirza Shirazi]], are buried in the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn in [[Samarra]]. | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||