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There are works written about the [[burial]] place of Lady Fatima (a), such as ''Marqad Sayyidat al-Nisaʾ Fatimat al-Shahidat al-Zahra (a) fi ayy makan?'' (Where is the mausoleum of the Mistress of All Ladies the martyr Fatima al-Zahra?) and ''Ayn qabr Fatima?'' (Where is Fatima’s grave?). | There are works written about the [[burial]] place of Lady Fatima (a), such as ''Marqad Sayyidat al-Nisaʾ Fatimat al-Shahidat al-Zahra (a) fi ayy makan?'' (Where is the mausoleum of the Mistress of All Ladies the martyr Fatima al-Zahra?) and ''Ayn qabr Fatima?'' (Where is Fatima’s grave?). | ||
==Significance of Her Burial Place== | ==Significance of Her Burial Place== | ||
Shiite theological works discuss the issue of Lady Fatima's (a) burial place, which is often cited by Shiite theologians to rebuke the first caliph, Abu Bakr. According to Shia belief, Lady Fatima's (a) burial place remains unknown because of her dissatisfaction with Abu Bakr and 'Umar for their usurpation of the caliphate and confiscation of Fadak. In fact, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Jalali (d. | Shiite theological works discuss the issue of Lady Fatima's (a) burial place, which is often cited by Shiite theologians to rebuke the first caliph, [[Abu Bakr]]. According to Shia belief, Lady Fatima's (a) burial place remains unknown because of her dissatisfaction with Abu Bakr and 'Umar for their usurpation of the [[caliphate]] and [[Usurpation of Fadak|confiscation of Fadak]]. In fact, [[Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Jalali]] (d. 2020) suggests that Lady Fatima (a) willed to be buried secretly to ensure that those responsible for her [[martyrdom]] would never be forgotten throughout history. | ||
==Possible Locations== | ==Possible Locations== | ||
Shiite scholars have put forth speculations about the burial place of Lady Fatima (a). The majority view among Shiite scholars is that she was laid to rest in her own house, although al-Shaykh al-Tusi notes that most Shiite scholars take the place of her burial to be in Rawdat al-Nabi. Other possibilities have also been propounded in Shiite sources, such as al-Baqi' cemetery and 'Aqil’s house (the mausoleum of the Imams buried in al-Baqi'). | Shiite scholars have put forth speculations about the burial place of Lady Fatima (a). The majority view among Shiite scholars is that she was laid to rest in her own house, although [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] notes that most Shiite scholars take the place of her burial to be in [[Rawdat al-Nabi]]. Other possibilities have also been propounded in Shiite sources, such as [[al-Baqi']] cemetery and [[Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil’s]] house ([[Monuments of al-Baqi'#Monuments of Shiite Imams|the mausoleum of the Imams buried in al-Baqi']]). | ||
Sayyid Ja'far Murtada al- | [[Al-Sayyid Ja'far Murtada al-'Amili|Sayyid Ja'far Murtada al-Amili]], a Shiite researcher of history, believes that determining the exact location of Lady Fatima’s burial place is impossible. According to al-Shaykh al-Tusi and [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|Amin al-Islam al-Tabrisi,]] it is best to visit Lady Fatima (a) in all three potential locations: Rawdat al-Nabi, her house, and al-Baqi'. In his ''[[Misbah al-za'ir (book)|Misbah al-za'ir]]'', [[Ali b. Musa b. Ja'far b. Tawus|Sayyid b. Tawus]] believes that the pilgrimage place of Lady Fatima (a) is Rawdat al-Nabi, but in his [[Iqbal al-a'mal (book)|''al-Iqbal'']], he says that it is the [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi#The House and the Burial Place of Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet’s chamber]]. | ||
==Lady Fatima’s House== | |||
The majority view among Shiite scholars is that Fatima (a) was buried in her residence. This possibility is preferred by al-Shaykh al-Saduq, Ibn Idris al-Hilli, Ibn Tawus, 'Allama al-Majlisi, and Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin. In support of this view, they cite a hadith from Imam al-Rida (a) according to which Lady Fatima (a) was buried in her own house, and when the Umayyad dynasty expanded Masjid al-Nabi, her house was incorporated within the mosque. | === Lady Fatima’s House === | ||
The majority view among Shiite scholars is that [[Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' (a)|Fatima (a)]] was buried in her residence. This possibility is preferred by [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], [[Ibn Idris al-Hilli]], [[Ali b. Musa b. Ja'far b. Tawus|Ibn Tawus]], [[Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi|'Allama al-Majlisi]], and [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]]. In support of this view, they cite a hadith from [[Imam Ali b. Musa al-Rida (a)|Imam al-Rida (a)]] according to which Lady Fatima (a) was buried in her own house, and when the [[Umayyad dynasty]] expanded [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabi]], her house was incorporated within the mosque. | |||
Some Shiite scholars believe that the hadith in which Imam 'Ali (a) refers to Fatima (a) as being “buried adjacent to the Prophet (s)” corroborates the view that she was buried in her own house, since the closest place to the burial site of the Prophet was her residence. | Some Shiite scholars believe that the hadith in which Imam 'Ali (a) refers to Fatima (a) as being “buried adjacent to the Prophet (s)” corroborates the view that she was buried in her own house, since the closest place to the burial site of the Prophet was her residence. | ||
Some Shiite researchers argue that it is unlikely for Fatima to be buried in her own house as this contradicts the hadiths which state that Imam Ali (a) carried her body outside of the house during her funeral. However, some speculate that either the funeral did not involve the body or was intentionally misleading as to the location of her burial. Another Shiite researcher suggests that the funeral procession started from another house belonging to 'Ali and Fatima, located in close proximity to al-Baqi', and proceeded towards the other residence of 'Ali and Fatima. According to this viewpoint, the events following the death of the Prophet (s), such as the attack on Fatima's house, occurred in the house situated near al-Baqi'. | Some Shiite researchers argue that it is unlikely for Fatima to be buried in her own house as this contradicts the [[Hadith|hadiths]] which state that [[Imam Ali b. Abi Talib (a)|Imam Ali (a)]] carried her body outside of the house during her [[Funeral Procession|funeral]]. However, some speculate that either the funeral did not involve the body or was intentionally misleading as to the location of her burial. Another Shiite researcher suggests that the funeral procession started from another house belonging to 'Ali and Fatima, located in close proximity to [[al-Baqi']], and proceeded towards the other residence of 'Ali and Fatima. According to this viewpoint, the events following the death of the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet (s)]], such as the attack on Fatima's house, occurred in the house situated near al-Baqi'. | ||
==Rawdat al-Nabi== | |||
=== Rawdat al-Nabi === | |||
In his al-Muqna'a, al-Shaykh al-Mufid supports Fatima’s burial in Rawdat al-Nabi as the most accurate possibility. The Shiite scholar of hadith al-Shaykh al-Tusi claims that most Shiite scholars believe that Fatima (a) was buried in Rawda. The area known as Rawdat al-Nabi lies between the Prophet's minbar and his burial place within Masjid al-Nabi, which is referred to by the Prophet (s) as a "rawda" (garden or a green area) among the "rawdas" of the heaven. According to a hadith cited in Ma'ani l-akhbar, this designation is due to Fatima's burial at the site. | In his al-Muqna'a, al-Shaykh al-Mufid supports Fatima’s burial in Rawdat al-Nabi as the most accurate possibility. The Shiite scholar of hadith al-Shaykh al-Tusi claims that most Shiite scholars believe that Fatima (a) was buried in Rawda. The area known as Rawdat al-Nabi lies between the Prophet's minbar and his burial place within Masjid al-Nabi, which is referred to by the Prophet (s) as a "rawda" (garden or a green area) among the "rawdas" of the heaven. According to a hadith cited in Ma'ani l-akhbar, this designation is due to Fatima's burial at the site. | ||
Amin al-Islam al-Tabrisi, a sixth-century AH exegete of the Quran and theologian, and Ibn Shahrashub, a sixth-century AH Quranic exegete and scholar of hadith, believe that the two most probable speculations about Fatima’s burial place are her own house and Rawda. Al-Shaykh al-Tusi suggests that the two possibilities are close to each other. 'Allama al-Majlisi proposes a reconciliation between the two views, as most Shias hold the belief that Rawda encompasses Fatima’s house as well. For this reason, some researchers say that the Rawda view confirms the house view. | Amin al-Islam al-Tabrisi, a sixth-century AH exegete of the Quran and theologian, and Ibn Shahrashub, a sixth-century AH Quranic exegete and scholar of hadith, believe that the two most probable speculations about Fatima’s burial place are her own house and Rawda. Al-Shaykh al-Tusi suggests that the two possibilities are close to each other. 'Allama al-Majlisi proposes a reconciliation between the two views, as most Shias hold the belief that Rawda encompasses Fatima’s house as well. For this reason, some researchers say that the Rawda view confirms the house view. | ||
==Al-Baqi' Cemetery== | |||
=== Al-Baqi' Cemetery === | |||
According to Bahaʾ al-Din al-Irbili, a seventh-century AH Shiite historian, people and historiographers widely believe that Fatima was buried in al-Baqi'. He cites a hadith that confirms this possibility. However, he does not specify an exact location in the al-Baqi' cemetery for her resting place. | According to Bahaʾ al-Din al-Irbili, a seventh-century AH Shiite historian, people and historiographers widely believe that Fatima was buried in al-Baqi'. He cites a hadith that confirms this possibility. However, he does not specify an exact location in the al-Baqi' cemetery for her resting place. | ||
Al-Shaykh al-Tusi and Amin al-Islam al-Tabrisi dismiss this possibility as unlikely. This is supported by a hadith in al-Kafi, which implies that Fatima (a) was not buried in al-Baqi'. On this hadith, Imam al-Hasan (a) made a will to Imam al-Husayn (a) as follows: “after my martyrdom, take me to the mausoleum of the Prophet (s) so that I renew my allegiance to him. Then take me to my mother’s grave, and from there take me to al-Baqi'.” | Al-Shaykh al-Tusi and Amin al-Islam al-Tabrisi dismiss this possibility as unlikely. This is supported by a hadith in al-Kafi, which implies that Fatima (a) was not buried in al-Baqi'. On this hadith, Imam al-Hasan (a) made a will to Imam al-Husayn (a) as follows: “after my martyrdom, take me to the mausoleum of the Prophet (s) so that I renew my allegiance to him. Then take me to my mother’s grave, and from there take me to al-Baqi'.” | ||
=='Aqil’s House (Mausoleum of the Imams in al-Baqi')== | |||
=== 'Aqil’s House (Mausoleum of the Imams in al-Baqi') === | |||
'Allama al-Majlisi quotes a hadith from Misbah al-anwar to the effect that Fatima (a) was laid to rest in the house of 'Aqil b. Abi Talib. This house was located in close proximity to the al-Baqi' cemetery. Over time, as 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib and four Shiite Imams (a) were buried there, the house transformed from a private residence to a public place of pilgrimage. The house was incorporated into al-Baqi' when it was expanded. | 'Allama al-Majlisi quotes a hadith from Misbah al-anwar to the effect that Fatima (a) was laid to rest in the house of 'Aqil b. Abi Talib. This house was located in close proximity to the al-Baqi' cemetery. Over time, as 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib and four Shiite Imams (a) were buried there, the house transformed from a private residence to a public place of pilgrimage. The house was incorporated into al-Baqi' when it was expanded. | ||