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'''Maytham al-Tammār al-Asadī al-Kūfī''' (Arabic:{{ia| ميثم التمار الأسدي الکوفي}}) (d. [[60]]/680) was a devout and loyal [[ | '''Maytham al-Tammār al-Asadī al-Kūfī''' (Arabic:{{ia| ميثم التمار الأسدي الکوفي}}) (d. [[60]]/680) was a devout and loyal [[List of the Companions of Imam Ali (a)|companion of Imam Ali (a)]]. Although there isn't a lot of detailed information available about his life, he is known for being a date-seller in [[Kufa]] who had many outstanding qualities. Maytham was executed by the [[Ummayad]] governor before the [[Event of Karbala]]. | ||
==Name== | ==Name== | ||
Maytham was a non-Arab, and because he was the slave of an Asadi woman, he was ascribed to the tribe of [[Bani Asad]].<ref> | Maytham was a non-Arab, and because he was the slave of an Asadi woman, he was ascribed to the tribe of [[Bani Asad]].<ref>Kashshi. ''Rijal'', p. 9; Mufid. ''al-Irshad'', vol. 1, p. 323.</ref> Later, he was bought and then freed by [[Imam Ali (a) ]]. When Imam Ali (a) asked him his name, he answered: "Salim". Imam Ali (a) said, "The Prophet (s) informed me that your Persian parents named you Maytham." Imam Ali (a) then asked him to return to the name which the Prophet (s) called him and he accepted and was therefore called Abu Salim. His other title was Abu Salih.<ref>Tabrasi, ''I'lam al-wara''. vol. 1. p. 341; Mufid. ''al-Irshad''. vol. 1. p. 341</ref> | ||
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
Maytham was a date-seller in the bazaar of [[Kufa]]; therefore, he was given the title of "al-Tammar", "seller of dates".<ref> Ibn shahrashub. ''Manaqib''. vol. 2. p. 329.</ref> There are also a few accounts that he was a melon-seller in "Dar al-Rizq" (probably the name of a locality in Kufa).<ref> | Maytham was a date-seller in the bazaar of [[Kufa]]; therefore, he was given the title of "al-Tammar", "seller of dates".<ref> Ibn shahrashub. ''Manaqib''. vol. 2. p. 329.</ref> There are also a few accounts that he was a melon-seller in "Dar al-Rizq" (probably the name of a locality in Kufa).<ref>Kashshi, ''Rijal''. p. 78.</ref> | ||
Maytham was a companion of Imam Ali (a), [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]],<ref>al-Tusi. ''Rijal''. p. 81. 96. 105</ref> but he is best known as a devout follower of Imam Ali (a).<ref> al-Mufid. ''al-Ikhtisas''. p. 3.</ref> He was a devoted and sincere lover of [[the Prophet (s)]] and his [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)|household (a)]], and they were also affectionate towards him.<ref> Tabari. ''Bisharat al-mustafa''. p. 236-237.</ref> As reported by [[Umm Salama]], the Prophet (s) praised Maytham many times during his life.<ref> Asqalani. ''al-Isaba''. vol. 6. p. 317</ref> | Maytham was a companion of Imam Ali (a), [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]],<ref>al-Tusi. ''Rijal''. p. 81. 96. 105</ref> but he is best known as a devout follower of Imam Ali (a).<ref> al-Mufid. ''al-Ikhtisas''. p. 3.</ref> He was a devoted and sincere lover of [[the Prophet (s)]] and his [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)|household (a)]], and they were also affectionate towards him.<ref> Tabari. ''Bisharat al-mustafa''. p. 236-237.</ref> As reported by [[Umm Salama]], the Prophet (s) praised Maytham many times during his life.<ref> Asqalani. ''al-Isaba''. vol. 6. p. 317</ref> | ||
Maytham received great spiritual knowledge from the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. Imam Ali (a) taught him the secrets of the | Maytham received great spiritual knowledge from the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. Imam Ali (a) taught him the secrets of the position of succession.<ref>Ibn Abi l-Hadid. ''Sharh-i nahj al-balagha''. vol. 2. p. 291.</ref> | ||
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
His sons, Salih, Shu'ayb, and Hamzah, followed their father in being loyal partisans of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a) ]]. His grandchildren were among the companions of the [[Imams]] and narrators of [[hadith]].<ref>see: al-Kashshi | His sons, Salih, Shu'ayb, and Hamzah, followed their father in being loyal partisans of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a) ]]. His grandchildren were among the companions of the [[Imams]] and narrators of [[hadith]].<ref>see: al-Kashshi, ''rijal''. p. 80. al-Tusi. ''rijal''. p. 118. 138. 149. 157. 160. 162. 224-225.</ref> One of his descendants, [[Ali b. Isma'il b. Shu'ayb b. Maytham]], became a great Shi'a [[theologian]] and wrote some early theological books.<ref>al-Tusi. ''al-Fihrist''. p. 150; Dhahabi, ''Tarikh al-islam'', p. 316.</ref> | ||
==Foretelling== | ==Foretelling== | ||
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Maytham wrote a commentary of the [[Qur'an]] from what he had learned from Imam Ali (a) .<ref> Agha Buzueg. ''al-Dhari'a''. vol. 4. p. 317.</ref> According to one account, Maytham told [[Ibn 'Abbas]] that Imam Ali (a) had taught him the knowledge of [[Ta'wil]] (hidden meaning of the Qur'an). He asked Ibn 'Abbas to ask him any question about the interpretation of the Qur'an, and Ibn 'Abbas questioned him and wrote down his answers. When Maytham foretold the story of his own martyrdom, Ibn Abbas became suspicious of him and decided to destroy the writings. Maytham asked him not to do that and said, "Keep yourself from doing that until my prophecy is fulfilled; if it does not happen, destroy my interpretations".<ref>al-Kashshi. ''Rijal''. p. 81.</ref> | Maytham wrote a commentary of the [[Qur'an]] from what he had learned from Imam Ali (a) .<ref> Agha Buzueg. ''al-Dhari'a''. vol. 4. p. 317.</ref> According to one account, Maytham told [[Ibn 'Abbas]] that Imam Ali (a) had taught him the knowledge of [[Ta'wil]] (hidden meaning of the Qur'an). He asked Ibn 'Abbas to ask him any question about the interpretation of the Qur'an, and Ibn 'Abbas questioned him and wrote down his answers. When Maytham foretold the story of his own martyrdom, Ibn Abbas became suspicious of him and decided to destroy the writings. Maytham asked him not to do that and said, "Keep yourself from doing that until my prophecy is fulfilled; if it does not happen, destroy my interpretations".<ref>al-Kashshi. ''Rijal''. p. 81.</ref> | ||
Maytham is also said to have compiled a [[hadith]] collection from which his descendants narrated. Some of these narrations are available in references.<ref>see: al-Tusi. ''Amali''. p. 148. Ghaffar. ''al-Kulaini wa al-kafi''. p. 28.</ref> These narrations are about love and hatred towards [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], the precedence of [[Kufa Mosque]] over [[ | Maytham is also said to have compiled a [[hadith]] collection from which his descendants narrated. Some of these narrations are available in references.<ref>see: al-Tusi. ''Amali''. p. 148. Ghaffar. ''al-Kulaini wa al-kafi''. p. 28.</ref> These narrations are about love and hatred towards [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], the precedence of [[Kufa Mosque]] over [[al-Aqsa Mosque]], the hatred of hypocrites towards Imam Ali (a), the four-time confession of fornication and its penalty and other stories about the judgments of Imam Ali (a).<ref>Barqi. ''Kitab al-mahasin''. p. 309-310. Shadhan qumi. ''al-Fada'il''. p. 3-5.</ref> | ||
Maytham was an outspoken and eloquent speaker who astonished even [[Ibn Ziyad]] with his words.<ref> al-Kashshi, ''Rijāl''. p. 86.</ref> His speeches against the [[Ummayad]] caliphate made him famous for his hatred of injustice. | Maytham was an outspoken and eloquent speaker who astonished even [[Ibn Ziyad]] with his words.<ref> al-Kashshi, ''Rijāl''. p. 86.</ref> His speeches against the [[Ummayad]] caliphate made him famous for his hatred of injustice. | ||