Automoderated users, confirmed, movedable, protected, Administrators, templateeditor
3,141
edits
Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn: Difference between revisions
m
Minor Edit
(→Prominent Figures Buried in the Shrine: tag: note) |
m (Minor Edit) |
||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''The Shrine of al-ʿAskarīyyayn''' or '''the Shrine of al-Imāmayn al-ʿAskarīyyayn''' is the resting place of [[Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a)|Imam al-Hadi (a)]] (martyrdom: [[254 AH|254]]/868) and his son [[Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Askari (a)|Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] (martyrdom: [[260 AH|260]]/874). The mausoleum is located in [[Samarra]]. It is a major Shiite pilgrimage destination in Iraq. [[Narjis (a)|Narjis Khatun]], Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s wife and [[Imam Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Mahdi (a)|Imam al-Mahdi’s]] mother, as well as [[Hakima | '''The Shrine of al-ʿAskarīyyayn''' or '''the Shrine of al-Imāmayn al-ʿAskarīyyayn''' is the resting place of [[Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a)|Imam al-Hadi (a)]] (martyrdom: [[254 AH|254]]/868) and his son [[Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Askari (a)|Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] (martyrdom: [[260 AH|260]]/874). The mausoleum is located in [[Samarra]]. It is a major Shiite pilgrimage destination in [[Iraq]]. [[Narjis (a)|Narjis Khatun]], Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s wife and [[Imam Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Mahdi (a)|Imam al-Mahdi’s]] mother, as well as [[Hakima bt. al-Imam al-Jawad (a)|Hakima]] the daughter of [[Imam Muhammad b. Ali al-Jawad (a)|Imam al-Jawad (a)]], and some other [[Sayyid|sadat]] and Shiite scholars are buried in this shrine. | ||
Imam al-Hadi (a) and Imam al-'Askari (a) were laid to rest in their house of dwelling in 254/868 and 260/874, respectively. In 328/939-40, the first dome was erected on their graves, which was frequently repaired and renovated in later periods. In 2006 and 2007, parts of the shrine were [[Demolition of the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a)|devastated]] in a terrorist bombing. After these attacks, the Committee for Reconstruction of 'Atabat and the Office of [[Al-Sayyid Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani|Ayatollah al-Sistani]] reconstructed the shrine’s hall and [[darih]], respectively. | |||
==Place and Significance== | ==Place and Significance== | ||
The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a) is the resting place of two [[Imams of the Shi'a|Shiite Imams]] and a significant pilgrimage destination in | The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a) is the resting place of two [[Imams of the Shi'a|Shiite Imams]] and a significant pilgrimage destination in Iraq. The shrine is situated in Samarra (a city located 120 kilometers north of [[Baghdad]]).<ref>Qāʾidān, ''ʿAtabāt ālīyāt Irāq'', p. 193.</ref> In Shiite [[Hadith|hadiths]], it is [[Mustahab|recommended]] to visit the shrines of the Imams (a).<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 6, p. 93.</ref> Every year, many Shias from around the world visit the graves of Imam al-Hadi (a) and Imam al-'Askari (a) in Samarra. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
After their [[martyrdom]], [[ | After their [[martyrdom]], [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]], the tenth and eleventh Shiite Imams, were laid to rest in their house of dwelling in Samarra.<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 315.</ref> Imam al-Hadi (a) had purchased the house from Dalil b. Ya'qub al-Nasrani.<ref>Khaṭīb Baghdādī, ''Tārīkh-i Baghdād'', vol. 13, p. 518.</ref> According to [[Dhabih Allah Mahallati]], the house in which al-Imamayn al-'Askariyyayn were [[Burial|buried]] remained in its original form until 328/939-40. Only a window was installed through which people visited the graves of the two Imams.<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 317.</ref> Citing a poem by [[Muhammad b. Tahir al-Samawi al-Najafi|Muhammad al-Samawi]] (1292/1876-1370/1950), Mahallati argues that Nasir al-Dawla al-Hamdani (reign: 323/935 - 356/967), a [[Hamdanid]] ruler, was the first to repair the house, building a dome on their graves in 328/939-40.<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 318.</ref> Later, various reconstructions and repairs were done in the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn. Others who oversaw renovations or restorations in the shrine include [[Mu'izz al-Dawla al-Daylami]]<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 321.</ref> and [[Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami|'Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami]],<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 324.</ref> [[Buyid Dynasty|Buyid]] rulers (reign: 322/934 - 448/1056-7), Arsalan al-Basasiri (d. 451/1059-60),<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 344.</ref> Sultan Berkyaruq (d. 498/1104-5), a Seljuk king,<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 347-348.</ref> Ahmad al-Nasir li-Din Allah (622/1225)<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 350.</ref> and al-Mustansir bi-Allah (640/1242-3),<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 365-366.</ref> two Abbasid caliphs, Sultan Hasan al-Jalayiri (d. 776/1374),<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 377.</ref> [[Sultan Husein Safavi]] (reign: 1105/1693-4 -1135/1722-3),<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 379-380.</ref> a Safavid king, Ahmad Khan Dunbuli<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 386.</ref> and Hasanquli Khan Dunbuli (d. 1918-9),<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Maʾthar al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 393.</ref> [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]] (reign: 1264/1848-1313/1895-6), and [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan al-Shirazi|Mirza Shirazi]] (1230/1815 -1312/1894-5).<ref>Ṣiḥḥatī Sardrūdī, ''Guzīda-yi sīmā-yi Sāmarrāʾ'', p. 67.</ref> | ||
==Devastation in a Terrorist Attack== | ==Devastation in a Terrorist Attack== | ||
Main | {{Main|Demolition of the Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn (a)}} | ||
The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn was targeted in two separate terrorist attacks carried out by excommunicationist groups in 2006 and 2007, resulting in the destruction of the shrine. The bombings were met with widespread condemnation from [[Marja'|Shiite authorities]] and communities around the world. Although the shrine’s dome, adorned with a brick gilded cover, and its intricate tessellations collapsed in the bombings, the foundations of the dome, the main structure of the shrine, and its walls remained intact. <ref>Khāmayār, ''Takhrīb-i ziyāratgāh-hāyi Islāmī dar kishwarhā-yi ʿArabī'', p. 29-30.</ref>Following the attacks, the Iranian Committee for the Reconstruction of 'Atabat 'Aliyat undertook the task of rebuilding the shrine from 2010 to 2015.<ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13990903001105/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DB%B2-%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%88-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3 Destruction and change of Al-Imamayn al-'Askariyyayn (a) shrine in the last 2 decades (Persian)]</ref> The reconstruction effort included gilding the dome using 23,000 golden bricks<ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13990903001105/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DB%B2-%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%88-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3 Destruction and change of Al-Imamayn al-'Askariyyayn (a) shrine in the last 2 decades (Persian)]</ref> and building a new [[darih]] under the supervision of Sayyid Javad Shahrestani, the representative of [[Al-Sayyid Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani|Ayatollah al-Sistani]] in [[Iran]].<ref>[http://qom.irib.ir/-/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%B6%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86 Construction of the holy shrine of Al-Imamayn al-'Askariyyayn (a) (Persian)]</ref> | The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn was targeted in two separate terrorist attacks carried out by excommunicationist groups in 2006 and 2007, resulting in the destruction of the shrine. The bombings were met with widespread condemnation from [[Marja'|Shiite authorities]] and communities around the world. Although the shrine’s dome, adorned with a brick gilded cover, and its intricate tessellations collapsed in the bombings, the foundations of the dome, the main structure of the shrine, and its walls remained intact. <ref>Khāmayār, ''Takhrīb-i ziyāratgāh-hāyi Islāmī dar kishwarhā-yi ʿArabī'', p. 29-30.</ref>Following the attacks, the Iranian Committee for the Reconstruction of 'Atabat 'Aliyat undertook the task of rebuilding the shrine from 2010 to 2015.<ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13990903001105/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DB%B2-%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%88-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3 Destruction and change of Al-Imamayn al-'Askariyyayn (a) shrine in the last 2 decades (Persian)]</ref> The reconstruction effort included gilding the dome using 23,000 golden bricks<ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13990903001105/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DB%B2-%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%88-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3 Destruction and change of Al-Imamayn al-'Askariyyayn (a) shrine in the last 2 decades (Persian)]</ref> and building a new [[darih]] under the supervision of Sayyid Javad Shahrestani, the representative of [[Al-Sayyid Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani|Ayatollah al-Sistani]] in [[Iran]].<ref>[http://qom.irib.ir/-/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%B6%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86 Construction of the holy shrine of Al-Imamayn al-'Askariyyayn (a) (Persian)]</ref> | ||
==Architecture and Building== | ==Architecture and Building== | ||
The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn consists of various parts, including: | The Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn consists of various parts, including: | ||
| Line 69: | Line 73: | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Holy Shrine of al-Kazimayn]] | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{ | {{notes}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||