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|titles = [[Zayn al-'Abidin]], [[Sayyid al-Sajidin]] | |titles = [[Zayn al-'Abidin]], [[Sayyid al-Sajidin]] | ||
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'''ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. ʾAbī Ṭālib''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| عَليّ بن الحُسَین بن علي بن أبي طالب}}) (b. [[38]]/[[659 CE|659]] – d. [[95]]/713) known as '''Imām al-Sajjād''' ({{ia|امام السجاد}}, lit. the Consistently Prostrating) and '''Zayn al-ʿAbidīn''' ({{iarabic|زين العابدين}}, lit. Adornment of the Worshippers) is the fourth [[Imam]] of Shi'a. The period of his imamate was 34 years. He (a) was present in the [[Battle of Karbala]] but did not participate in the battle because of sickness and was not martyred. He (a) was taken captive to [[Kufa]] and [[Damascus]] together with other [[captives of Karbala]]. His speech at the presence of [[Umayyad caliph]]s created awareness among people about the position of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. After being released, he (a) stayed in [[Medina]] until the end of his life. The [[event of Harra]], [[Tawwabun movement]] and the [[uprising of al-Mukhtar]] happened at his time; however there is no reliable report of his opinions about them. | '''ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. ʾAbī Ṭālib''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| عَليّ بن الحُسَین بن علي بن أبي طالب}}) (b. [[38]]/[[659 CE|659]] – d. [[95]]/713) known as '''Imām al-Sajjād''' ({{ia|امام السجاد}}, lit. the Consistently Prostrating) and '''Zayn al-ʿAbidīn''' ({{iarabic|زين العابدين}}, lit. Adornment of the Worshippers) is the fourth [[Imam]] of Shi'a. The period of his imamate was 34 years. He (a) was present in the [[Battle of Karbala]] but did not participate in the battle because of sickness and was not martyred. He (a) was taken captive to [[Kufa]] and [[Damascus]] together with other [[captives of Karbala]]. His speech at the presence of [[Umayyad caliph]]s created awareness among people about the position of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. After being released, he (a) stayed in [[Medina]] until the end of his life. The [[event of Harra]], [[Tawwabun movement]] and the [[uprising of al-Mukhtar]] happened at his time; however there is no reliable report of his opinions about them. | ||
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{{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | {{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | ||
== Titles and Teknonyms == | == Titles and Teknonyms == | ||
{{Mourning of Muharram-vertical}} | |||
Imam al-Sajjad's (a) teknonyms were Abu l-Hasan, Abu l-Husayn, Abu Muhammad, and Abu 'Abd Allah.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 4, p. 386; Kasrawi, ''Mawsu'a'', vol. 3 p. 64; Al-Razi, ''al-Jarh wa l-ta'dil'', vol. 6 p. 178; Al-Dulabi, ''al-Kuna wa l-asma' '', vol. 1 p. 147; Al-Suyuti, ''Tabaqat al-huffaz'', p. 37</ref> | Imam al-Sajjad's (a) teknonyms were Abu l-Hasan, Abu l-Husayn, Abu Muhammad, and Abu 'Abd Allah.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 4, p. 386; Kasrawi, ''Mawsu'a'', vol. 3 p. 64; Al-Razi, ''al-Jarh wa l-ta'dil'', vol. 6 p. 178; Al-Dulabi, ''al-Kuna wa l-asma' '', vol. 1 p. 147; Al-Suyuti, ''Tabaqat al-huffaz'', p. 37</ref> | ||
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== Birth and Martyrdom == | == Birth and Martyrdom == | ||
According to the famous opinion, Imam al-Sajjad (a) was born in [[38]]/659; thus, he (a) has seen a part of [[Imam 'Ali (a)|Imam 'Ali's (a)]] life, the [[imamate]] of [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and [[Mu'awiya]]'s attempt in suppressing [[Shi'a]] in [[Iraq]] and elsewhere. However, in some reports, the age of Imam (a) is mentioned less than what is famous and the time of his birth is about [[48]]/668.<ref>Al-Qadi al-Nu'man, ''Sharh al-akhbar'', vol. 3 p. 266</ref> Although such reports have been mentioned in different sources, there are pieces of evidence that do not let one believe them; such as the fact that famously historians and biographers have mentioned the birth time of Imam al-Sajjad (a) 38/659, which implies that his age in the [[Battle of Karbala]] was 23 years old. | According to the famous opinion, Imam al-Sajjad (a) was born in [[38]]/659; thus, he (a) has seen a part of [[Imam 'Ali (a)|Imam 'Ali's (a)]] life, the [[imamate]] of [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and [[Mu'awiya]]'s attempt in suppressing [[Shi'a]] in [[Iraq]] and elsewhere. However, in some reports, the age of Imam (a) is mentioned less than what is famous and the time of his birth is about [[48]]/668.<ref>Al-Qadi al-Nu'man, ''Sharh al-akhbar'', vol. 3 p. 266</ref> Although such reports have been mentioned in different sources, there are pieces of evidence that do not let one believe them; such as the fact that famously historians and biographers have mentioned the birth time of Imam al-Sajjad (a) 38/659, which implies that his age in the [[Battle of Karbala]] was 23 years old. | ||
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== Wives and Children == | == Wives and Children == | ||
In historical sources, the number of Imam al-Sajjad's (a) children has been counted as fifteen, eleven of whom were boys, and four of whom were girls.<ref>Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', p. 380; Ibn Shahrashub, ''Manaqib'', vol. 4 p. 189; Ibn al-Jawzi, ''Tadhkirat al-khawas'', p. 332-333</ref> | In historical sources, the number of Imam al-Sajjad's (a) children has been counted as fifteen, eleven of whom were boys, and four of whom were girls.<ref>Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', p. 380; Ibn Shahrashub, ''Manaqib'', vol. 4 p. 189; Ibn al-Jawzi, ''Tadhkirat al-khawas'', p. 332-333</ref> | ||
According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], the names of his wives and children were: | According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], the names of his wives and children were: | ||
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