confirmed, movedable, protected, Administrators, templateeditor
5,562
edits
Al-Hasan al-Basri: Difference between revisions
m
link of Tabrisi corrected
imported>Pourghorbani No edit summary |
m (link of Tabrisi corrected) |
||
| Line 129: | Line 129: | ||
Some people believe that al-Hasan stopped rejecting the public Sunni belief concerning Qadar (free will) after he was threatened. However, even if it turns out that al-Hasan tended towards determinism or free will in some cases, his words must be considered overall. | Some people believe that al-Hasan stopped rejecting the public Sunni belief concerning Qadar (free will) after he was threatened. However, even if it turns out that al-Hasan tended towards determinism or free will in some cases, his words must be considered overall. | ||
Since the time of al-Hasan until today, there have been reports to the effect that he rejected [[Imams of the Shia]], particularly Imam 'Ali (a). For example, [[al-Tabrisi]] has narrated a story according to which, in [[Basra]], 'Ali (a) asked al-Hasan about the reason why he did not participate in the [[Battle of Jamal]], and al-Hasan responded by saying that both killers and the killed in this battle would go to the [[Hell]]. On another account, after the Battle of Jamal and the arrival of Imam 'Ali (a) in Basra, the Imam addressed al-Hasan who wanted to take notes of his remarks and said: "every nation has a [[Samiri]], and the Samiri of our nation is al-Hasan who does not believe in wars." Moreover, it is said that al-Hasan did not join [[Imam al-Husayn]]'s army in [[Karbala]] on purpose. | Since the time of al-Hasan until today, there have been reports to the effect that he rejected [[Imams of the Shia]], particularly Imam 'Ali (a). For example, [[Abu Mansur Ahmad b. 'Ali al-Tabrisi|al-Tabrisi]] has narrated a story according to which, in [[Basra]], 'Ali (a) asked al-Hasan about the reason why he did not participate in the [[Battle of Jamal]], and al-Hasan responded by saying that both killers and the killed in this battle would go to the [[Hell]]. On another account, after the Battle of Jamal and the arrival of Imam 'Ali (a) in Basra, the Imam addressed al-Hasan who wanted to take notes of his remarks and said: "every nation has a [[Samiri]], and the Samiri of our nation is al-Hasan who does not believe in wars." Moreover, it is said that al-Hasan did not join [[Imam al-Husayn]]'s army in [[Karbala]] on purpose. | ||
As to the first two reports, it should be said that they have no chains of transmitters, and cannot be true historically speaking, because the [[Battle of Jamal]] occurred in 36/656 when al-Hasan was only fifteen (at most). Aside from these and from other hadiths in which al-Hasan confirmed Imam 'Ali's actions in the Battle of Jamal, [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] provides another account of the first report in his al-Amali. On this account, al-Hasan did not rudely answer the Imam's question. Instead, he asked him to give him a piece of advice. As to the third report, al-Hasan was not present in Karbala, probably because he was not aware of Imam al-Husayn's arrival in Karbala, just like other people from Basra who wanted to help the Imam (a), but failed to find an occasion to join him. Furthermore, [[Ibn Ziyad]] had closed all ways leading to Karbala. Moreover, it is reported that al-Hasan was so attached to [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] that upon hearing the news about Imam al-Husayn's [[martyrdom]], he wept and said: "may God humiliate the nation that killed the son of his Prophet." | As to the first two reports, it should be said that they have no chains of transmitters, and cannot be true historically speaking, because the [[Battle of Jamal]] occurred in 36/656 when al-Hasan was only fifteen (at most). Aside from these and from other hadiths in which al-Hasan confirmed Imam 'Ali's actions in the Battle of Jamal, [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] provides another account of the first report in his al-Amali. On this account, al-Hasan did not rudely answer the Imam's question. Instead, he asked him to give him a piece of advice. As to the third report, al-Hasan was not present in Karbala, probably because he was not aware of Imam al-Husayn's arrival in Karbala, just like other people from Basra who wanted to help the Imam (a), but failed to find an occasion to join him. Furthermore, [[Ibn Ziyad]] had closed all ways leading to Karbala. Moreover, it is reported that al-Hasan was so attached to [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] that upon hearing the news about Imam al-Husayn's [[martyrdom]], he wept and said: "may God humiliate the nation that killed the son of his Prophet." | ||
| Line 152: | Line 152: | ||
On the other hand, some earlier and later Shiite scholars have tried to defend al-Hasan al-Basri, considering his hadiths and exegeses as reliable. In his ''[[al-Amali]]'', [[Ibn Babawayh]] cites al-Basri's hadiths as well as his own words concerning Imam 'Ali (a), which implies that his words were significant for Ibn Babawayh, without implying any reprehension of al-Hasan. [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada 'Alam al-Huda]] speaks favorably of al-Hasan, referring to him as highly knowledgeable, eloquent in sermons, a role-model, a leader, and an early scholar who explicitly talked about God's justice. He also reports al-Hasan's brave encounter with al-Hajjaj, as result of which he decided to kill him. | On the other hand, some earlier and later Shiite scholars have tried to defend al-Hasan al-Basri, considering his hadiths and exegeses as reliable. In his ''[[al-Amali]]'', [[Ibn Babawayh]] cites al-Basri's hadiths as well as his own words concerning Imam 'Ali (a), which implies that his words were significant for Ibn Babawayh, without implying any reprehension of al-Hasan. [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada 'Alam al-Huda]] speaks favorably of al-Hasan, referring to him as highly knowledgeable, eloquent in sermons, a role-model, a leader, and an early scholar who explicitly talked about God's justice. He also reports al-Hasan's brave encounter with al-Hajjaj, as result of which he decided to kill him. | ||
In his introduction to his Quranic exegesis, ''[[al-Tibyan]]'', [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] refers to [[Ibn 'Abbas]], al-Hasan, and Qatada (al-Hasan's student) respectively as [[exegete]]s who had adopted a praiseworthy approach to the Quranic exegesis. In al-Shaykh's exegesis, al-Hasan is the second most frequently cited person. The same thing can be seen in [[al-Tabrisi]]'s ''[[Majma' al-bayan]]''. [[Qadi Nur Allah al-Shushtari]] quotes his master, Radi al-Din 'Ali b. Tawus as saying that al-Hasan was acceptable. | In his introduction to his Quranic exegesis, ''[[al-Tibyan]]'', [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] refers to [[Ibn 'Abbas]], al-Hasan, and Qatada (al-Hasan's student) respectively as [[exegete]]s who had adopted a praiseworthy approach to the Quranic exegesis. In al-Shaykh's exegesis, al-Hasan is the second most frequently cited person. The same thing can be seen in [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|al-Tabrisi]]'s ''[[Majma' al-bayan]]''. [[Qadi Nur Allah al-Shushtari]] quotes his master, Radi al-Din 'Ali b. Tawus as saying that al-Hasan was acceptable. | ||
In many cases in his Persian exegesis of the [[Qur'an]], ''[[Manhaj al-sadiqin]]'', [[Fath Allah Kashani]] says after quoting a hadith or a word from al-Hasan that his words are the same as what is transmitted to us from the [[Imams]] and are acceptable to Shi'as. Moreover, he reported parts of al-Hasan's speech in the presence of [[al-Hajjaj]] in praise of Imam 'Ali (a). [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]] believes that al-Hasan practiced taqiyya (precautionary dissimulation) before Ziyad and his son, [['Ubayd Allah]], as well as al-Hajjaj, at the command of Imam 'Ali (a). [[Muhammad Taqi al-Shushtari]] refers to and praises al-Hasan's letter in the rejection of Jabriyya, saying that we had better consider him as a good, pious man who practiced taqiyya. [[Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat]] elaborately and admiringly wrote about al-Hasan's life, and rejected accusations against him. | In many cases in his Persian exegesis of the [[Qur'an]], ''[[Manhaj al-sadiqin]]'', [[Fath Allah Kashani]] says after quoting a hadith or a word from al-Hasan that his words are the same as what is transmitted to us from the [[Imams]] and are acceptable to Shi'as. Moreover, he reported parts of al-Hasan's speech in the presence of [[al-Hajjaj]] in praise of Imam 'Ali (a). [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]] believes that al-Hasan practiced taqiyya (precautionary dissimulation) before Ziyad and his son, [['Ubayd Allah]], as well as al-Hajjaj, at the command of Imam 'Ali (a). [[Muhammad Taqi al-Shushtari]] refers to and praises al-Hasan's letter in the rejection of Jabriyya, saying that we had better consider him as a good, pious man who practiced taqiyya. [[Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat]] elaborately and admiringly wrote about al-Hasan's life, and rejected accusations against him. | ||