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==The Nature of the Holy Spirit== | ==The Nature of the Holy Spirit== | ||
The Holy Spirit is the spirit that is free from defects and imperfections. This word is mentioned in the [[Quran]] and the Bible. The Quran | The Holy Spirit is the spirit that is free from defects and imperfections.<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''al-Kashshāf ʿan ḥaqāʾiq ghawāmiḍ al-tanzīl'', vol. 1, p. 162.</ref> This word is mentioned in the [[Quran]] and the Bible. The Quran mentions that the Quran was sent down by the Holy Spirit<ref>Quran 16:102.</ref>3 and that Jesus was supported by it.<ref>Quran 2:87, 253; Quran 5:110.</ref> | ||
Muslim scholars disagree as to the nature and identity of the Holy Spirit. | Muslim scholars disagree as to the nature and identity of the Holy Spirit. | ||
* '''Gabriel:''' Some Quranic commentators consider the Holy Spirit to be Gabriel. Calling Gabriel the Holy Spirit indicates his holiness as well as his role in preserving [[religion]]. | * ''' Gabriel:''' Some Quranic commentators consider the Holy Spirit to be Gabriel.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān'', vol. 1, p. 340; Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 1, p. 339.</ref> Calling Gabriel the Holy Spirit indicates his holiness as well as his role in preserving [[religion]].<ref>Abū Ḥayyān Andulusī, ''al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī al-tafsīr'', vol. 1, p. 481; Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 1, p. 339.</ref> | ||
* '''A being from the World of Command:''' [[Allama Tabatabai]] maintains that the Holy Spirit is not an [[angel]] but a being from the [[World of Command]], who would convey revelation to prophets. | * '''A being from the World of Command:''' [[Allama Tabatabai]] maintains that the Holy Spirit is not an [[angel]] but a being from the [[World of Command]], who would convey revelation to prophets.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 13, p. 196-198.</ref> | ||
* '''The greatest angel:''' According to a hadith attributed to [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], the Holy Spirit is an angel greater than Gabriel and [[Michael]], who accompanied [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and then the Imams (a). According to other hadiths, the Holy Spirit is the spirit, which, according to the Quran, comes down together with Angels on the [[Night of Ordainment]] | * '''The greatest angel:''' According to a hadith attributed to [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], the Holy Spirit is an angel greater than Gabriel and [[Michael]], who accompanied [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and then the Imams (a).<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 2, p. 279.</ref> According to other hadiths, the Holy Spirit is the spirit,<ref>Quran 97:4.</ref> which, according to the Quran, comes down together with Angels on the [[Night of Ordainment]].<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 94, p. 14.</ref> | ||
* '''A | * ''' A Hidden Force:''' According to a view, the Holy Spirit is a hidden force<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 1, p. 339.</ref> with which [[Jesus (a)]] revived the dead. A weaker degree of this force exists in other believers as well and helps them in the path of God.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 1, p. 339.</ref> | ||
* '''The first being:''' According to [[Sayyid Haydar Amuli]], the Holy Spirit is a name for the first created being. | * '''The first being:''' According to [[Sayyid Haydar Amuli]], the Holy Spirit is a name for the first created being.<ref> Āmulī, ''Jāmiʿ al-asrar wa manbaʿ al-nūr'', vol. 1, p. 688.</ref> | ||
* '''The Spirit of the Spirits:''' In some mystical works, the Holy Spirit is said to be the Spirit of the Spirits, which is not a created being but rather a face among the faces of God, upon which the essence of created beings depends. | * '''The Spirit of the Spirits:''' In some mystical works, the Holy Spirit is said to be the Spirit of the Spirits, which is not a created being but rather a face among the faces of God, upon which the essence of created beings depends.<ref>Jīlī, ''al-Insān al-kāmil fī maʿrifat al-awākhir wa l-awāʾil'', p. 150.</ref> | ||
==Tasks== | ==Tasks== | ||
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* '''Conveying the revelation to prophets:''' According to the view that the Holy Spirit is Gabriel, bringing revelation and conveying divine messages were among its tasks. | * '''Conveying the revelation to prophets:''' According to the view that the Holy Spirit is Gabriel, bringing revelation and conveying divine messages were among its tasks. | ||
* '''Supporting prophets and the Friends of God:''' According to a number of Quranic [[verses]] the Holy Spirit supported Jesus (a). | * '''Supporting prophets and the Friends of God:''' According to a number of Quranic [[verses]] the Holy Spirit supported Jesus (a).<ref>Quran 2:87.</ref> | ||
* '''The source of prophets’ knowledge:''' According to some [[hadiths]], prophets and Imams have five spirits, and the Holy Spirit is one of them. This spirit is that by which prophets and Imams gain their knowledge. | * ''' The source of prophets’ knowledge:''' According to some [[hadiths]], prophets and Imams have five spirits, and the Holy Spirit is one of them. This spirit is that by which prophets and Imams gain their knowledge.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 272.</ref> | ||
* '''Conveying divine verdict:''' According to hadiths, the Holy Spirit conveys divine verdicts to the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. | * '''Conveying divine verdict:''' According to hadiths, the Holy Spirit conveys divine verdicts to the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. <ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 398.</ref> | ||
* '''Intercession:''' Based on a hadith from the Prophet (s), the first interceder on the [[Day of Judgment]] is the Holy Spirit. | * '''Intercession:''' Based on a hadith from the Prophet (s), the first interceder on the [[Day of Judgment]] is the Holy Spirit.<ref>Ḥākim al-Nayshābūrī, ''al-Mustadrak ʿala l-ṣaḥīḥayn'', vol. 4, p. 496-498.</ref> | ||
* '''Supporting believers:''' It is stated in some hadiths that the Holy Spirit supports believers as long as they support the Prophet (s) and the Ahl al-Bayt (a). Ibn Athir reports that the Prophet (s) asked God to support [[Hassan b. Thabit]], a poet who composed poems in defense of the Prophet (s), with the Holy Spirit as long as he supported the Prophet (s). | * '''Supporting believers:''' It is stated in some hadiths that the Holy Spirit supports believers as long as they support the Prophet (s) and the Ahl al-Bayt (a).<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 102.</ref> Ibn Athir reports that the Prophet (s) asked God to support [[Hassan b. Thabit]], a poet who composed poems in defense of the Prophet (s), with the Holy Spirit as long as he supported the Prophet (s). <ref>Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 1, p. 482.</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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