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Kashf al-ghumma fi ma'rifat al-a'imma (book): Difference between revisions
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'''''Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma''''' (Arabic: {{ia|(کشفُ الغُمَّة فی مَعرِفَةِ الأئمّة(ع}}, lit. lifting the hardship in knowing the Imams) is an Arabic book by [['Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili|Baha' al-Din 'Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili]] (d.[[692]]/1293), one of [[Shi'a]] scholars in the 7th/[[13th]] century. This book includes biographies, virtues and [[miracle]]s of the [[Fourteen Infallibles (a)]] and is organized | '''''Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma''''' (Arabic: {{ia|(کشفُ الغُمَّة فی مَعرِفَةِ الأئمّة(ع}}, lit. lifting the hardship in knowing the Imams) is an Arabic book by [['Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili|Baha' al-Din 'Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili]] (d.[[692]]/1293), one of [[Shi'a]] scholars in the 7th/[[13th]] century. This book includes biographies, virtues and [[miracle]]s of the [[Fourteen Infallibles (a)]] and is organized into two sections. | ||
==Author== | ==Author== | ||
{{main|'Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili}} | {{main|'Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili}} | ||
Abu l-Hasan 'Ali b. 'Isa Hakkari, famous as Baha' al-Din al-Irbili, is a well-known Shi'a [[Muhaddith]] (Hadith Transmitter) historian, literary expert and poet in 7th/13th century. He was born and raised in [[Irbil]].<ref>Farrukh, ''Tarikh al-adab al-'arabi'', vol.3 p.661</ref> His father, Fakhr al-Din 'Isa, known as Ibn Jijni, was the governor of Irbil and its surrounding areas. | Abu l-Hasan 'Ali b. 'Isa Hakkari, famous as Baha' al-Din al-Irbili, is a well-known Shi'a [[Muhaddith]] (Hadith Transmitter), historian, literary expert and poet in 7th/13th century. He was born and raised in [[Irbil]].<ref>Farrukh, ''Tarikh al-adab al-'arabi'', vol.3 p.661</ref> His father, Fakhr al-Din 'Isa, known as Ibn Jijni, was the governor of Irbil and its surrounding areas. | ||
==Topic== | ==Topic== | ||
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==Motivation== | ==Motivation== | ||
The author writes in the introduction: | The author writes in the introduction: | ||
"I've been willing, since a long time ago, to make a collection of [[hadith|narration]]s about the virtues of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] … since [[Sunni]]s have not worked on the history and the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and even some Sunni scholars do not know the names of the Ahl al-Bayt (a). So I decided to work on the history and personality of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) so that their rightful position will be revealed for their enemies and those who possess hatred toward the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and | "I've been willing, since a long time ago, to make a collection of [[hadith|narration]]s about the virtues of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] … since [[Sunni]]s have not worked on the history and the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and even some Sunni scholars do not know the names of the Ahl al-Bayt (a). So I decided to work on the history and personality of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) so that their rightful position will be revealed for their enemies and those who possess hatred toward the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and so that [[Ghali]]s (exaggerators) will leave their claims. | ||
He continues: | He continues: | ||
Many people mock the [[ziyarah|visiting of the shrine]] of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]], while most of | Many people mock the [[ziyarah|visiting of the shrine]] of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]], while most of these people visit the tombs of [[Darwish]]s and [[Sufi]]s.<ref>Irbili, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol.1 p.4-5</ref> | ||
==Method== | ==Method== | ||
In writing his book, [['Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili|al-Irbili]] has consulted early sources and has adopted most of the book's content from them. He merely adds some explanations and assessments under certain narrations and finishes the biography of each Imam by a poem in praising the Imam. One of the features of this book is that when narrating hadiths about the position and virtues of Imams (a), the author narrates hadiths from Sunni sources first then he narrates from Shi'a sources which makes the book more acceptable by the opponents. | |||
The author makes use of his theological ideas and in the history of Shi'a Imams (a), he discusses the arguments and proofs of the their [[Imamate]] and narrates some of their virtues and [[miracle]]s. | |||
When evaluating the beliefs of the opponents, the author tries to follow a scholarly method and make judgments based on historical reports. | |||
In some cases the author has proposed opinions which are contrary to the opinion of other Shi'a scholars including his belief that Imam al-Rida (a) was not martyred by [[Ma'mun]]. | |||
==Significance== | ==Significance== | ||
*Author's views are in accordance with mainstream Shi'a beliefs and he seems fair in presenting different discussions; however he mentions various arguments in favor of Shi'a and against other deviant sects. | *Author's views are in accordance with mainstream Shi'a beliefs and he seems fair in presenting different discussions; however, he mentions various arguments in favor of Shi'a and against other deviant sects. | ||
*One significant merit of the book is its preservation of some narrations the original sources of which did not survive. | *One significant merit of the book is its preservation of some narrations the original sources of which did not survive. | ||
*The method of the author is that he brings all content of a certain source, like ''[[al-Irshad]]'' or ''[[I'lam al-wara]]'', about each Imam. Among these sources are some that have survived within this book only. | *The method of the author is that he brings all content of a certain source, like ''[[al-Irshad]]'' or ''[[I'lam al-wara]]'', about each Imam. Among these sources are some that have survived within this book only. | ||
*Al-Irbili's analyses and personal opinions as a prominent Shi'a scholar are presented in this book and are remarkable | *Al-Irbili's analyses and personal opinions as a prominent Shi'a scholar are presented in this book and are remarkable. | ||
==Translations and Commentaries== | ==Translations and Commentaries== | ||
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*''Mihrab al-Qulub'' by: 'Ali b. Fayd Irbili | *''Mihrab al-Qulub'' by: 'Ali b. Fayd Irbili | ||
*A translation by: Hasan b. Husayn Bayhaqi | *A translation by: Hasan b. Husayn Bayhaqi | ||
*A translation known as ''Manaqib'' by: 'Ali b. Husayn Zawware'i, a translator and | *A translation known as ''Manaqib'' by: 'Ali b. Husayn Zawware'i, a translator and exegete in 10th/16th century. | ||
*A translation by: Ni'mat Allah b. Quraysh Radawi Mashhadi. | *A translation by: Ni'mat Allah b. Quraysh Radawi Mashhadi. | ||
*''Siyar al-a'imma'' or ''Iksir al-Tawarikh'' by: Mirza Muhammad b. Muhammad Rafi' Shirazi Malik al-Kuttab. | *''Siyar al-a'imma'' or ''Iksir al-Tawarikh'' by: Mirza Muhammad b. Muhammad Rafi' Shirazi Malik al-Kuttab. | ||
*A translation by: Mulla 'Abd al-Latif Azarbayjani Mullabashi. | *A translation by: Mulla 'Abd al-Latif Azarbayjani Mullabashi. | ||
Also [[al-Kaf'ami]], the author of ''[[ | Also [[al-Kaf'ami]], the author of ''[[Misbah al-Kaf'ami (book)|Misbah]]'', has some glosses on this book. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||