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Mourning: Difference between revisions
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==Religious ruling of mourning for the deceased== | ==Religious ruling of mourning for the deceased== | ||
According to the [[fatwa]] of Shia [[jurist]]s, it is permissible to cry and lament for the deceased.<ref>See: Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 130-131; Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām'', vol. 4, p. 264-265.</ref> [[Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi]] the author of ''[[Jawahir al-kalam (book)|Jawahir al-kalam]]'' (d. 1266/1850) wrote that there are many [[hadith]]s that acknowledge crying and mourning for the dead as permissible; among which, there are narrations that report the crying of the [[Prophet (s)]] in the mourning of his uncle Hamza and his son [[Ibrahim Son of the Prophet (s)|Ibrahim]], and also the narrations about the lamentation of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] upon the [[demise of the Prophet (s)]]. | According to the [[fatwa]] of Shia [[jurist]]s, it is permissible to cry and lament for the deceased.<ref>See: Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 130-131; Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām'', vol. 4, p. 264-265.</ref> [[Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi]] the author of ''[[Jawahir al-kalam (book)|Jawahir al-kalam]]'' (d. 1266/1850) wrote that there are many [[hadith]]s that acknowledge crying and mourning for the dead as permissible; among which, there are narrations that report the crying of the [[Prophet (s)]] in the mourning of his uncle Hamza and his son [[Ibrahim Son of the Prophet (s)|Ibrahim]], and also the narrations about the lamentation of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] upon the [[demise of the Prophet (s)]].<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām'', vol. 4, p. 264-265.</ref> | ||
===The Sunnites’ point of view=== | ===The Sunnites’ point of view=== | ||
According to Egyptian jurist 'Abd al-Rahman Jaziri, based on Sunni [[jurisprudence]], it is not permissible to recite laments for the dead; but, it has no problem to cry for him, if it is done silently. Regarding crying out loud, there is a difference of views among Sunni schools of jurisprudence: Malikis and Hanafis consider it forbidden; but, it is permissible according to the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools.<ref>Jazīrī, ''al-Fiqh ʿalā al-madhāhib al-arbaʿa'', vol. 1, p. 484.</ref> | |||
According to Egyptian jurist 'Abd al-Rahman Jaziri, based on Sunni [[jurisprudence]], it is not permissible to recite laments for the dead; but, it has no problem to cry for him, if it is done silently. Regarding crying out loud, there is a difference of views among Sunni schools of jurisprudence: Malikis and Hanafis consider it forbidden; but, it is permissible according to the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools. | |||
==Religious mourning== | ==Religious mourning== | ||
{{Main|Mourning of Muharram}} | {{Main|Mourning of Muharram}} | ||
[[File:زنجیرزنی.jpg|thumbnail|right|150px|A view of Zanjir-zani (Chain-beating) of Shia mourners in [[Mourning procession]] of [[Muharram]]]] | [[File:زنجیرزنی.jpg|thumbnail|right|150px|A view of Zanjir-zani (Chain-beating) of Shia mourners in [[Mourning procession]] of [[Muharram]]]] | ||
Some mourning ceremonies have religious aspect. Shiites pay special attention to this type of mourning and hold mourning ceremonies for religious leaders such as the Prophet (s), Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a) and [[Imams (a)]], especially in [[Muharram]] for [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. | Some mourning ceremonies have religious aspect. Shiites pay special attention to this type of mourning and hold mourning ceremonies for religious leaders such as the Prophet (s), Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a) and [[Imams (a)]], especially in [[Muharram]] for [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]].<ref>Mazāhirī, ''ʿAzādārī'', p. 345.</ref> | ||
Shia religious mourning for Imam al-Husayn (a) is held in different ways, including narration of his [[martyrdom]] accounts, reciting lamentations, crying, reciting elegies, [[Chest-beating]], and hitting oneself with chains. | Shia religious mourning for Imam al-Husayn (a) is held in different ways, including narration of his [[martyrdom]] accounts,<ref>Muḥaddithī, ''Farhang-i ʿĀshūrā'', p. 441.</ref> reciting lamentations, crying, reciting elegies, [[Chest-beating]],<ref>Muḥaddithī, ''Farhang-i ʿĀshūrā'', p. 256.</ref> and hitting oneself with chains. | ||
Shia scholars have written numerous books and treatises in defense of mourning and explaining its lawfulness; an example of which is [[Sayyid Muhsin Amin]]’s ''[[Iqna' al-la'im 'ala iqamat al-matam]]''. | Shia scholars have written numerous books and treatises in defense of mourning and explaining its lawfulness; an example of which is [[Sayyid Muhsin Amin]]’s ''[[Iqna' al-la'im 'ala iqamat al-matam]]''. | ||