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Friday Prayer: Difference between revisions
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==History== | ==History== | ||
The Friday prayer became legislated in [[Mecca]] in | The Friday prayer became legislated in [[Mecca]] in 2 BH/620-1. Then, it wasn't possible for the [[Prophet (s)]] to hold the Friday prayer in Mecca, but he wrote a letter to [[Mus'ab b. 'Umayr]] to hold the Friday prayer in [[Medina]].<ref>Al-Tabarani, ''al-Mu'jam al-kabir'', vol. 17, p. 267; Ahmadi Miyanaji, ''Makatib al-rasul'', p. 239</ref> According to another report, the first Friday prayer held in Medina by [[As'ad b. Zurara]].<ref>Ibn Maja, ''Sunan Ibn Maja'', vol. 1, p. 344; al-Nasa'i, ''Sunan al-Nasa'i'', vol. 8, p. 150</ref> By the entrance of the Prophet (s) to Medina, the Friday prayer held by him.<ref>See: al-Mas'udi, ''Muruj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 19</ref> After Medina, the second place in which the Friday prayer held was [['Abd al-Qays]], a village in [[al-Bahrain]].<ref>Al-Halabi, ''al-Sira al-Halabiyya'', vol. 2, p. 59</ref> | ||
After the Prophet (s), holding the Friday prayer was common in the [[caliphate]] of the first three caliphs and also in the period of the rule of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]].<ref>Al-Tabari, ''Tarikh al-Tabari'', vol. 3, p. 447, 2740; Ibn 'Asakir, ''Tarikh madinat Dimashq'', vol. 13, p. 251; Ibn Kathir, ''al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya'', vol. 4, Chapter. 7, p. 189; Mahmudi, ''Nahj al-sa'ada'', vol. 1, p. 427, 499; vol. 2, p. 595, 714: vol. 3, p. 153, 605</ref> | After the Prophet (s), holding the Friday prayer was common in the [[caliphate]] of the first three caliphs and also in the period of the rule of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]].<ref>Al-Tabari, ''Tarikh al-Tabari'', vol. 3, p. 447, 2740; Ibn 'Asakir, ''Tarikh madinat Dimashq'', vol. 13, p. 251; Ibn Kathir, ''al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya'', vol. 4, Chapter. 7, p. 189; Mahmudi, ''Nahj al-sa'ada'', vol. 1, p. 427, 499; vol. 2, p. 595, 714: vol. 3, p. 153, 605</ref> | ||
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Some of [[hadith]]s like [[Al-Sha'baniyya Sermon]] and some of the sermons of ''[[Nahj al-balagha]]'' are originally sermons of the Friday prayer. | Some of [[hadith]]s like [[Al-Sha'baniyya Sermon]] and some of the sermons of ''[[Nahj al-balagha]]'' are originally sermons of the Friday prayer. | ||
In the periods of [[Umayyads]] (41/661-132/ | In the periods of [[Umayyads]] (41/661-132/750) and [[Abbasids]] (132/750-656/1258), the Friday prayer was held by the caliph or his representatives.<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol. 2, p. 285, 365; al-Tabari, ''Tarikh al-Tabari'', vol. 8, p. 570-579, 594; vol. 9, p. 222</ref> The caliphs were assigning the [[Imam of Friday prayer]] for the capital city,<ref>Ibn al-Jawzi, ''al-Muntazam fi tarikh al-muluk wa l-umam'', vol. 14, p. 383; vol. 15, p. 351</ref> and the assignment of the Imam of Friday prayer for other cities was the responsibility of the rulers of the places.<ref>Al-Qalqashandi, ''Subh al-a'sha'', vol. 10, p. 19-20</ref> | ||
===Participation of Imams in Friday Prayer=== | ===Participation of Imams in Friday Prayer=== | ||
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===Shi'a Friday Prayers=== | ===Shi'a Friday Prayers=== | ||
One of the oldest reports about the Friday prayer in Shi'a societies, is the Friday prayer held in 329/ | One of the oldest reports about the Friday prayer in Shi'a societies, is the Friday prayer held in 329/940-1 in [[Buratha mosque]], in [[Baghdad]], by Ahmad b. al-Fadl al-Hashimi.<ref>Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, ''Tarikh Baghdad'', vol. 1, p. 430</ref> Even in the sedition of 349/960-1 in which the Friday prayer of Baghdad suspended, the Friday prayer of Buratha mosque had no break;<ref>Ibn al-Athir, ''al-Kamil fi l-tarikh'', vol. 8, p. 533</ref> but in 420/1029-30, by appointment of a Sunni Imam of Friday prayer by the [[caliph]], the Friday prayer suspended for a period.<ref>Ibn al-Jawzi, ''al-Muntazam fi tarikh al-muluk wa l-umam'', vol. 15, p. 198-201</ref> Also the Friday prayer was held in [[Jami' Ibn Tulun]] (359/969-70) and in al-Azhar jami' mosque (361/971-2) in [[Egypt]].<ref>Qummi, ''al-Kuna wa l-alqab'', vol. 2, p. 417; Ja'farian, ''Safawiyya dar 'arsa-yi din'', vol. 3, p. 258-259</ref> Also there are some evidences that in the first centuries of Islam the Friday prayer was held in the cities.<ref>Ja'farian, ''Namaz-i jum'a'', p. 23-25</ref> | ||
====In Iran==== | ====In Iran==== | ||