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Seljuk Dynasty: Difference between revisions
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The Seljuk was an Oghuz Turk Muslim dynasty who resided in eastern coasts of the Caspian Sea and the areas around Aral Sea in the [[Samanid]] period. They are called "Seljuks" after one of their heads who lived in the Samanid era. It was Seljuk's grandchildren who began to enter the borders of Samanid, and then Ghaznavid kingdom, and in the Battle of Dandanaqan (431/1040), they defeated the Ghaznavid army and entered the interior lands of Iran. They continued to occupy western areas of Iran, and after defeating the rest of Buyid army in central and western Iran and Iraq in 447/1055, Tughril entered Baghdad, the center of the [[Abbasid]] caliphate. | The Seljuk was an Oghuz Turk Muslim dynasty who resided in eastern coasts of the Caspian Sea and the areas around Aral Sea in the [[Samanid]] period. They are called "Seljuks" after one of their heads who lived in the Samanid era. It was Seljuk's grandchildren who began to enter the borders of Samanid, and then Ghaznavid kingdom, and in the Battle of Dandanaqan (431/1040), they defeated the Ghaznavid army and entered the interior lands of Iran. They continued to occupy western areas of Iran, and after defeating the rest of Buyid army in central and western Iran and Iraq in 447/1055, Tughril entered Baghdad, the center of the [[Abbasid]] caliphate. | ||
The periods of two successors of Tughril, that is, Alp Arslan and Malik-Shah, was the peak of Seljuk power and their economic progress. In the period of Alp Arslan, the second Seljuk king, their territory expanded eastward to Syr Darya and westward to the Mediterranean Sea. In 463/ | The periods of two successors of Tughril, that is, Alp Arslan and Malik-Shah, was the peak of Seljuk power and their economic progress. In the period of Alp Arslan, the second Seljuk king, their territory expanded eastward to Syr Darya and westward to the Mediterranean Sea. In 463/1071, Alp Arslan defeated and imprisoned the emperor of Eastern Rome. | ||
After the death of Sultan Muhammad, the Seljuk territory was practically divided into two parts. Sanjar and his successors ruled eastern areas of Iran from [[Rey]] to [[Transoxia]], and children of Sultan Muhammad, who came to be called Iraqi Seljuks, ruled eastern parts of Iran and Iraq. | After the death of Sultan Muhammad, the Seljuk territory was practically divided into two parts. Sanjar and his successors ruled eastern areas of Iran from [[Rey]] to [[Transoxia]], and children of Sultan Muhammad, who came to be called Iraqi Seljuks, ruled eastern parts of Iran and Iraq. | ||
On the other hand, since the death of Sultan Muhammad Barkiaruq, some Seljuk rulers in different areas gained independent powers and thus established local governments within the Seljuk territories. For example, Seljuks in [[Kerman]] established an independent government there since 433/1041. The local power of Atabegs also accelerated the collapse of the Seljuk empire. In [[Khwarazm]], an independent branch of rulers overtook and came to be called "Khwarazmian" (490/ | On the other hand, since the death of Sultan Muhammad Barkiaruq, some Seljuk rulers in different areas gained independent powers and thus established local governments within the Seljuk territories. For example, Seljuks in [[Kerman]] established an independent government there since 433/1041. The local power of Atabegs also accelerated the collapse of the Seljuk empire. In [[Khwarazm]], an independent branch of rulers overtook and came to be called "Khwarazmian" (490/1097-628/1231). They later dismantled the Seljuk government in eastern Iran. | ||
==The Beginning of the Seljuk Rule and the Oppression of the Shi'as== | ==The Beginning of the Seljuk Rule and the Oppression of the Shi'as== | ||