Umm Habiba: Difference between revisions
In English, the possessive pronoun correponds with the actor, not the acted upon. I changed 'his brother' to 'her brother'. I.e. Mu'awiya is Umm Habiba's brother. If you say 'his brother', it means 'Uthman's brother, because 'Uthman is male.
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(In English, the possessive pronoun correponds with the actor, not the acted upon. I changed 'his brother' to 'her brother'. I.e. Mu'awiya is Umm Habiba's brother. If you say 'his brother', it means 'Uthman's brother, because 'Uthman is male.) |
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'''Umm Ḥabiba al-Ramla''' (Arabic: {{ia|أم حبیبة الرملة}}) (b. 17 years before [[bi'that]]/ 593-4 -d. [[44]]/ 664-5) was a daughter of [[Abu Sufyan]] and a wife of the [[Prophet (s)]] whose name in some sources has been mentioned as '''Hind'''.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 438; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1843, 1929.</ref> She first married [['Ubayd Allah b. Jahsh al-Asadi]].<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 238.</ref> She was among the women who moved together with her husband upon the immigration of Muslims to [[Abyssinia]].<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 68; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh Ṭabarī'', vol. 3, p. 165.</ref> After the death of 'Ubayd Allah, the Prophet (s) mandated 'Amr b. Umayya in [[6]] or [[7]]/627-8 or 628-9 to ask Umm Habiba to marry the Prophet (s) by proxy and bring her to [[Medina]] with other Muslims.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 70; Ibn Ḥabīb, ''Kitāb al-muḥabbar'', p. 76.</ref> | '''Umm Ḥabiba al-Ramla''' (Arabic: {{ia|أم حبیبة الرملة}}) (b. 17 years before [[bi'that]]/ 593-4 -d. [[44]]/ 664-5) was a daughter of [[Abu Sufyan]] and a wife of the [[Prophet (s)]] whose name in some sources has been mentioned as '''Hind'''.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 438; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1843, 1929.</ref> She first married [['Ubayd Allah b. Jahsh al-Asadi]].<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 238.</ref> She was among the women who moved together with her husband upon the immigration of Muslims to [[Abyssinia]].<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 68; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh Ṭabarī'', vol. 3, p. 165.</ref> After the death of 'Ubayd Allah, the Prophet (s) mandated 'Amr b. Umayya in [[6]] or [[7]]/627-8 or 628-9 to ask Umm Habiba to marry the Prophet (s) by proxy and bring her to [[Medina]] with other Muslims.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 70; Ibn Ḥabīb, ''Kitāb al-muḥabbar'', p. 76.</ref> | ||
After [['Uthman b. 'Affan|'Uthman]] was killed Umm Habiba sent his bloody shirt to | After [['Uthman b. 'Affan|'Uthman]] was killed Umm Habiba sent his bloody shirt to her brother, [[Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan|Mu'awiya]], in [[Damascus]].<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 353.</ref> | ||
== Birth == | ==Birth== | ||
The exact date of her birth has been mentioned 17 years before the mission of the [[Prophet (s)]] (c. 593-4 CE)<ref>Ibn Ḥajar, ''al-Iṣāba fī tamyyīz al-ṣaḥāba'', vol. 4, p. 305.</ref> and this date is in agreement with narrations which have considered her thirty some years old in 7 AH.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 80; Ṭabarī, ''al-Muntakhab min kitāb dhayl al-mudhayyal'', p. 607; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, tarājum al-nisāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 87.</ref> | The exact date of her birth has been mentioned 17 years before the mission of the [[Prophet (s)]] (c. 593-4 CE)<ref>Ibn Ḥajar, ''al-Iṣāba fī tamyyīz al-ṣaḥāba'', vol. 4, p. 305.</ref> and this date is in agreement with narrations which have considered her thirty some years old in 7 AH.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 80; Ṭabarī, ''al-Muntakhab min kitāb dhayl al-mudhayyal'', p. 607; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, tarājum al-nisāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 87.</ref> | ||
== Marriage == | ==Marriage== | ||
She was first the wife of [['Ubayd Allah b. Jahsh al-Asadi]]<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 238.</ref> and had a daughter from him whose name was Habiba and her [[teknonym]] Umm Habiba originates from here.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 68.</ref> She was among the women who moved together with her husband upon the immigration of Muslims to [[Abyssinia]].<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 68; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh Ṭabarī'', vol. 3, p. 165.</ref> | She was first the wife of [['Ubayd Allah b. Jahsh al-Asadi]]<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 238.</ref> and had a daughter from him whose name was Habiba and her [[teknonym]] Umm Habiba originates from here.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 68.</ref> She was among the women who moved together with her husband upon the immigration of Muslims to [[Abyssinia]].<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 68; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh Ṭabarī'', vol. 3, p. 165.</ref> | ||
=== Marriage with the Prophet (s) === | ===Marriage with the Prophet (s)=== | ||
After the death of 'Ubayd Allah in Ethiopia, the [[Prophet (s)]] sent 'Amr b. Umayya al-Damuri in 6/627-8 or 7/628-9 to [[Negasi]] and mandated him to ask Umm Habiba to marry the Prophet (s) by proxy and bring her together with other Muslims to [[Medina]].<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 70; Ibn Ḥabīb, ''Kitāb al-muḥabbar'', p. 76.</ref> So, Negasi sent Umm Habiba with other immigrants or before them with gifts to Medina.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 70; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 439; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, tarājum al-nisāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 76, 79, 80.</ref> | After the death of 'Ubayd Allah in Ethiopia, the [[Prophet (s)]] sent 'Amr b. Umayya al-Damuri in 6/627-8 or 7/628-9 to [[Negasi]] and mandated him to ask Umm Habiba to marry the Prophet (s) by proxy and bring her together with other Muslims to [[Medina]].<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', p. 259; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 70; Ibn Ḥabīb, ''Kitāb al-muḥabbar'', p. 76.</ref> So, Negasi sent Umm Habiba with other immigrants or before them with gifts to Medina.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 70; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 439; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, tarājum al-nisāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 76, 79, 80.</ref> | ||
Since [[Abu Sufyan]] was among the enemies of [[Islam]], [[Ibn Abbas]] considered the [[revelation]] of the [[verse]] "It may be that [[Allah]] will bring about between you and those with whom you are at enmity affection,"<ref>''Quran 60:7''</ref> related with the marriage of the Prophet (s) and Umm Habiba, daughter of Abu Sufyan.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 70; Bayhaqī, ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa'', vol. 3, p. 459.</ref> After [[Conquest of Mecca]], Abu Sufyan came to Medina for the revival of [[Hudaybiyya peace treaty]], but when he went to his daughter Umm Habiba, she called him [[polytheist]] and unclean and did not allow him sit on the place of the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 4, p. 38; vol. 3, p. 306.</ref> | Since [[Abu Sufyan]] was among the enemies of [[Islam]], [[Ibn Abbas]] considered the [[revelation]] of the [[verse]] "It may be that [[Allah]] will bring about between you and those with whom you are at enmity affection,"<ref>''Quran 60:7''</ref> related with the marriage of the Prophet (s) and Umm Habiba, daughter of Abu Sufyan.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 70; Bayhaqī, ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa'', vol. 3, p. 459.</ref> After [[Conquest of Mecca]], Abu Sufyan came to Medina for the revival of [[Hudaybiyya peace treaty]], but when he went to his daughter Umm Habiba, she called him a [[polytheist]] and unclean and did not allow him sit on the place of the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 4, p. 38; vol. 3, p. 306.</ref> | ||
== Political Activities == | ==Political Activities== | ||
After [['Uthman]] was killed, Umm Habiba sent his bloody shirt with [[Nu'man b. Bashir]] to | After [['Uthman]] was killed, Umm Habiba sent his bloody shirt with [[Nu'man b. Bashir]] to her brother, [[Mu'awiya|Mu'awiya,]] in [[Damascus]].<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 353.</ref> | ||
Also after the martyrdom of [[Muhammad b. Abi Bakr]], she sacrificed a sheep out of happiness and even sent a part of it to [[Aisha]], Muhammad's sister; ' | Also after the martyrdom of [[Muhammad b. Abi Bakr]], she sacrificed a sheep out of happiness and even sent a part of it to [[Aisha|'A'isha]], Muhammad's sister; 'A'isha was upset and said, "May God kill the daughter of the corrupt woman (Hind, mother of Umm Habiba); I swear by God, I will never eat lamb again."<ref>Sibṭ al-Jawzī, ''Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ'', p. 102.</ref>.<ref>ʿAskarī, ''Aḥādīth umm muʾminīn ʿĀʾisha'', vol. 1, p. 35.</ref> | ||
== Narrating Hadith from the Prophet (s) == | ==Narrating Hadith from the Prophet (s)== | ||
Umm Habiba has narrated some [[hadiths]] from the [[Prophet (s)]].<ref>Ibn Ḥanbal, ''Musnad-i Aḥmad'', vol. 6, p. 325, 328, 425, 428.</ref> Her brothers, [[Mu'awiya]], 'Anbasa and also people such as [[Anas b. Malik]], Abu Bakr b. Sa'id al-Thaqafi, Abu Jarrah al-Qurashi and others have narrated from her.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 441; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, tarājum al-nisāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 70, 76.</ref> | Umm Habiba has narrated some [[hadiths]] from the [[Prophet (s)]].<ref>Ibn Ḥanbal, ''Musnad-i Aḥmad'', vol. 6, p. 325, 328, 425, 428.</ref> Her brothers, [[Mu'awiya]], 'Anbasa and also people such as [[Anas b. Malik]], Abu Bakr b. Sa'id al-Thaqafi, Abu Jarrah al-Qurashi and others have narrated from her.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 441; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, tarājum al-nisāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 70, 76.</ref> | ||
== Death == | ==Death== | ||
She passed away at the age of 74 in [[44]]/664-5. There is a report that she also travelled to [[Damascus]]. | She passed away at the age of 74 in [[44]]/664-5. There is a report that she also travelled to [[Damascus]]. Some have even reported that her death happened there and a grave is attributed to her near [[Bab al-Saghir Cemetery]]; however, according to some authentic hadiths, she passed away in Medina and was buried there.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 71; Basawī, ''al-Maʿrifa wa al-tārīkh'', vol. 3, p. 318; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 440.</ref>.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 71; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 440; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, tarājum al-nisāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 70; Ibn Qadāma, ''al-Tabyīn fī ansāb al-qurashīyīn'', p. 82.</ref> | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Umm al-Mu'minin]] | *[[Umm al-Mu'minin]] | ||
* [[Abu Sufyan]] | *[[Abu Sufyan]] | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{notes}} | {{notes}} | ||
==References == | ==References== | ||
{{References}} | {{References}} | ||
* Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. ''Musnad-i Aḥmad''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, [n.d]. | * Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. ''Musnad-i Aḥmad''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, [n.d]. | ||