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Halima al-Sa'diyya: Difference between revisions
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==Family and Lineage== | ==Family and Lineage== | ||
Her father was Abu Dhu'ayb b. al-Harith b. Shijna al-Sa'di from Sa'd b. Bakr b. Hawazin tribe.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, | Her father was Abu Dhu'ayb b. al-Harith b. Shijna al-Sa'di from Sa'd b. Bakr b. Hawazin tribe.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''Sīra'', 1401/1981, p. 25. Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', 1410/1990, vol. 1, p. 110.</ref> Her husband was al-Harith b. 'Abd al-'Uzza whose teknonym was Abu Kabsha. Apparently, this is one of the reasons [[Quraysh]] called the Prophet (s) as "Ibn Abi Kabsha".<ref>Ibn Ḥabīb, ''al-Muḥabbar'', 1942, p. 129-130. Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-Ashrāf'', 1996/2000, vol. 1, p. 104.</ref> | ||
Halima wet-nursed the Prophet (s) after Thuwayba ([[Abu Lahab]]'s handmaiden) fed him for a few days.<ref>Ṭabarī, | Halima wet-nursed the Prophet (s) after Thuwayba ([[Abu Lahab]]'s handmaiden) fed him for a few days.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh'', 1387 AH, vol. 2, p. 158. Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', 1412/1992, vol. 2, p. 260-261.</ref> | ||
==Infancy Narrations== | ==Infancy Narrations== | ||
The events of this period, in all sources, are narrated by Halima. | The events of this period, in all sources, are narrated by Halima. | ||
Because the [[Prophet (s)]] had spent his infancy and childhood in Banu Sa'd b. Bakr b. Hawazin tribe; he considered himself as the most eloquent Arab.<ref>Ibn Hishām, | Because the [[Prophet (s)]] had spent his infancy and childhood in Banu Sa'd b. Bakr b. Hawazin tribe; he considered himself as the most eloquent Arab.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', Muṣṭafā al-Saqqā, vol. 1, p. 176. Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', 1410/1990, vol. 1, p. 110. Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', 1969, p. 132.</ref> | ||
==Wet-Nursing Muhammad (s)== | ==Wet-Nursing Muhammad (s)== | ||
Apparently, people of [[Mecca]] would send their children to Bedouin tribes so that they will be more eloquent. | Apparently, people of [[Mecca]] would send their children to Bedouin tribes so that they will be more eloquent. Banu Sa'd suffered from a severe famine, so Halima and nine other women of the tribe headed to [[Mecca]] to make a living by wet-nursing children of wealthy tribes of Mecca. Due to poverty and famine, her camel was very weak and skinny so she was left behind and consequently arrived late to Mecca. When she arrived, the grandson of [['Abd al-Muttalib]] was the only child left, because he was an orphan and they were afraid not to receive an appropriate fee.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''Sīra'', 1401/1981, p. 26. Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', 1410/1990, vol. 1, p. 110-111. Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-Ashrāf'', 1996/2000, vol. 1, p. 106-107. Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh'', 1387 AH, vol. 2, p. 158-159. Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', 1412/1992, vol. 2, p. 261.</ref> Halima wet-nursed Muhammad (s). | ||
Banu Sa'd suffered from a severe famine, so Halima and nine other women of the tribe headed to [[Mecca]] to make a living by wet-nursing children of wealthy tribes of Mecca. Due to poverty and famine, her camel was very weak and skinny so she was left behind and consequently arrived late to Mecca. When she arrived, the grandson of [['Abd al-Muttalib]] was the only child left, because he was an orphan and they were afraid not to receive an appropriate fee. Halima wet-nursed Muhammad (s). | |||
===Blessings in Life=== | ===Blessings in Life=== | ||
Immediately after she accepted wet-nursing of [[Muhammad (s)]], blessings showed up in her life. Her milk that was barely enough for her own child, due to poverty, now was easily fed the Muhammad (s) and his son. Even her emaciated camel overflowed with milk and got so strong that she overtook other women on the way back. While other wet-nurses were wondering about the reason of these sudden changes in her life, Halima believed that they were because of the child of [[Banu Hashim]], and she repeated that several times. | Immediately after she accepted wet-nursing of [[Muhammad (s)]], blessings showed up in her life. Her milk that was barely enough for her own child, due to poverty, now was easily fed the Muhammad (s) and his son. Even her emaciated camel overflowed with milk and got so strong that she overtook other women on the way back. While other wet-nurses were wondering about the reason of these sudden changes in her life, Halima believed that they were because of the child of [[Banu Hashim]], and she repeated that several times.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', Muṣṭafā al-Saqqā, vol. 1, p. 172-173. Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', 1410/1990, vol. 1, p. 151. Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-Ashrāf'', 1996/2000, vol. 1, p. 107. Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh'', 1387 AH, vol. 2, p. 159.</ref> | ||
==Emphasizing on Keeping Muhammad (s)== | ==Emphasizing on Keeping Muhammad (s) More== | ||
When Muhammad (s) was 2, she weaned him and took him to [[Mecca]] to his mother, [[Amina bt. Wahb]]. Since | When Muhammad (s) was 2, she weaned him and took him to [[Mecca]] to his mother, [[Amina bt. Wahb]]. Since presence of Muhammad (s) caused Halima's herd of sheep to be more productive than any other's in Banu Sa'd, she preferred to keep the child with her. Eventually, at her insistence and also because of the outbreak of cholera in Mecca; Amina was convinced to let Halima take care of her baby again for a few more years.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''Sīra'', 1401/1981, p. 27. Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', Muṣṭafā al-Saqqā, vol. 1, p. 173. Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh'', 1387 AH, vol. 2, p. 159-160. Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', 1412/1992, vol. 2, p. 262-263.</ref> | ||
===Event of Shaqq al-Sadr=== | ===Event of Shaqq al-Sadr=== | ||
{{main|Event of Shaqq al-Sadr}} | {{main|Event of Shaqq al-Sadr}} | ||
It is said that when Muhammad (s) was living with Halima, a strange incident happened to the child Muhammad (s), which is known as "Shaqq al-Sadr" (split of the chest). Man-like [[angel]]s dressed in white appeared, split his chest, took a dark clot out of his heart, washed it in a gold tub, put it back in his chest and then healed his chest. His foster brother, who witnessed this in a valley near their house, informed Halima frantically. | It is said that when Muhammad (s) was living with Halima, a strange incident happened to the child Muhammad (s), which is known as "Shaqq al-Sadr" (split of the chest). Man-like [[angel]]s dressed in white appeared, split his chest, took a dark clot out of his heart, washed it in a gold tub, put it back in his chest and then healed his chest. His foster brother, who witnessed this in a valley near their house, informed Halima frantically.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''Sīra'', 1401/1981, p. 27. Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', Muṣṭafā al-Saqqā, vol. 1, p. 173-174. Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', 1410/1990, vol. 1, p. 112.</ref> | ||
Halima got very nervous and took him to a soothsayer. After listening to the child, the soothsayer warned her that he will change people's religion. Halima got more nervous and decided to return him to his mother in [[Mecca]] to protect him. | Halima got very nervous and took him to a soothsayer. After listening to the child, the soothsayer warned her that he will change people's religion. Halima got more nervous and decided to return him to his mother in [[Mecca]] to protect him.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh'', 1387 AH, vol. 2, p. 163. Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', 1412/1992, vol. 2, p. 267. Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil'', 1385 AH, vol. 1, p. 464-465.</ref> | ||
Authors have mentioned ample evidence that disproves this event –which is said to have happened several times in Prophet's life- and also demonstrated that the narrations about this event are fabricated. | Authors have mentioned ample evidence that disproves this event –which is said to have happened several times in Prophet's life- and also demonstrated that the narrations about this event are fabricated.<ref>See Abu Rayya, ''Aḍwāʾ ʿalā l-sunnat al-Muḥammadīyya'', Cairo, p. 187-188. Ḥasanī, ''Sīrat al-Muṣṭafā'', 1406, p. 46. ʿĀmilī, ''al-Ṣaḥiḥ min sīrat al-Nabī al-Aʿẓam'', 1385 Sh, vol. 2, p. 167-172.</ref> | ||
The | The Prophet Muhammad (s) was among [[Banu Sa'd]] tribe for 4 or 5 years and then Halima returned him to [[Amina bt. Wahb|his mother]] and grandfather, [['Abd al-Muttalib]].<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 10. Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', 1969, p. 132. Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-Ashrāf'', 1996/2000, vol. 1, p. 107. Masʿūdī, ''Tanbīh'', p. 229-230.</ref> | ||
==Prophet's Respect for Halima== | ==Prophet's Respect for Halima== | ||
A few years after [[Muhammad (s)]] married [[Khadija (a)]], Halima went to him in Mecca complaining about the difficulties of life. The Prophet (s) talked with Khadija about her and Khadija gave her some sheep and camels. After the emergence of [[Islam]], Halima and her husband came to the Prophet (s), converted to Islam and swore [[Bay'a|allegiance]] to him. Sometimes, when Halima visited the Prophet (s), he laid his cloak on the ground –as a sign of respect-, so that she would sit on it. | A few years after [[Muhammad (s)]] married [[Khadija (a)]], Halima went to him in Mecca complaining about the difficulties of life. The Prophet (s) talked with Khadija about her and Khadija gave her some sheep and camels. After the emergence of [[Islam]], Halima and her husband came to the Prophet (s), converted to Islam and swore [[Bay'a|allegiance]] to him. Sometimes, when Halima visited the Prophet (s), he laid his cloak on the ground –as a sign of respect-, so that she would sit on it.<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', 1412/1992, vol. 2, p. 270.</ref> | ||
After [[tribe Hawazin|Hawazin]] were defeated in the [[Battle of Hunayn]], the Prophet (s) renounced all Banu Hashim and his shares of booties and slaves, due to his respect for Halima, his relation with that tribe and the request of her foster sister, Shayma'. Consequently, all the Muslims did the same to have followed the Prophet (s). | After [[tribe Hawazin|Hawazin]] were defeated in the [[Battle of Hunayn]], the Prophet (s) renounced all Banu Hashim and his shares of booties and slaves, due to his respect for Halima, his relation with that tribe and the request of her foster sister, Shayma'. Consequently, all the Muslims did the same to have followed the Prophet (s).<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 63. Masʿūdī, ''Tanbīh'', p. 229. Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', 1410/1990, vol. 1, p. 114-115.</ref> | ||
==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
{{Map of al-Baqi'}} | {{Map of al-Baqi'}} | ||
According to one narration, Halima passed away before the [[Conquest of Mecca]] by Muslims in [[Ramadan]], [[8]]/January, 630. After the conquest of Mecca when the Prophet (s) visited Shayma' –his foster sister- asked her about Halima and she told him that she has passed away. The Prophet's (s) eyes filled with tears as he heard the news and then asked about her next of kin. Afterward, Shayma' asked him a favor and the Prophet (s) fulfilled her request. | According to one narration, Halima passed away before the [[Conquest of Mecca]] by Muslims in [[Ramadan]], [[8]]/January, 630. After the [[conquest of Mecca]] when the Prophet (s) visited Shayma' –his foster sister- asked her about Halima and she told him that she has passed away. The Prophet's (s) eyes filled with tears as he heard the news and then asked about her next of kin. Afterward, Shayma' asked him a favor and the Prophet (s) fulfilled her request.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil'', 1385 AH, vol. 1, p. 460.</ref> | ||
But another narration reports that after the [[Battle of Hunayn]] in [[Shawwal]], 8/February 630, Halima came to the Prophet (s) in [[al-Ji'irrana]] and he respected her.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', 1415/1994, vol. 7, p. 69.</ref> There is also a narration which says that Halima experienced the [[caliphate]] period of [[Abu Bakr]] and [['Umar]] and they treated her with respect.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', 1410/1990, vol. 1, p. 114.</ref> | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{notes}} | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
* | * Abu Rayya, Maḥmūd. ''Aḍwāʾ ʿalā l-sunnat al-Muḥammadīyya'', Cairo, Dār al-Maʿārif, nd. | ||
* ʿĀmilī, Jaʿfar Murtaḍā. ''Al-Ṣaḥiḥ min sīrat al-Nabī al-Aʿẓam''. Qom, Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1385 Sh. | |||
* Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-Ashrāf''. Damascus, Maḥmūd Firdaws al-ʿAẓm, 1996/2000. | |||
* Ḥasanī, Hāshim Maʿrūf. ''Sīrat al-Muṣṭafā''. Beirut, Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1406/1986. | |||
* Ibn al-Jawzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Muntaẓam fī tārīkh al-mulūk wa l-umam''. Beirut, Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ et al. 1412/1992. | |||
* Ibn Athīr, ʿIzz al-Dīn ''Usd al-ghāba''. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, nd. | |||
* Ibn Athīr, ʿIzz al-Dīn. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir Dār Beirut, 1385-1386/1965-1966. | |||
* Ibn Ḥabīb, Muḥammad. ''Al-Muḥabbar''. Hyderabad, Ilse Lichtenstadter, 1942. | |||
* Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya''. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Saqqā et al. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d]. | |||
* Ibn Isḥāq. ''Sīra''. Konya, Muḥammad Ḥamīd Allāh, 1401/1981. | |||
* Ibn Qutayba. ''Al-Maʿārif''. Cario, Tharwa ʿUkasha, 1969. | |||
* Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410/1990. | |||
* Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn. ''Al-Tanbīh wa l-ishrāf'', Leiden, Brill, 1893. | |||
* Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī. Ed. Muḥammad Abu l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1387 AH. | |||
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