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'''Army of Elephants''' or '''Aṣḥāb al-Fil''' (Arabic: {{ia|اصحاب الفیل}}) was an army led by [[Abraha]] moved from [[Yemen]] to destroy the [[Ka'ba]] and [[God]] annihilated them by sending [[flocks of birds]].[[Qur'an 105]] narrates this story. They say that after that year, all the people of [[Arabia]] found a strong belief in the Ka'ba. | '''Army of Elephants''' or '''Aṣḥāb al-Fil''' (Arabic: {{ia|اصحاب الفیل}}) was an army led by [[Abraha]] moved from [[Yemen]] to destroy the [[Ka'ba]] and [[God]] annihilated them by sending [[flocks of birds]].[[Qur'an 105]] narrates this story. They say that after that year, all the people of [[Arabia]] found a strong belief in the Ka'ba. | ||
== Naming == | == Naming == | ||
Ashaf al-Fil (army of the elephants) refers to Abraha b. Sabbah b. Ashram, the king of Yemen and his army who moved toward [[Mecca]] to destroy the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 822; Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 362.</ref> [[Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] quoted from [[Waqidi]] that Abraha was the grandfather of [[Najashi]], king of Yemen at the time of the [[Prophet (s)]]<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 362.</ref> and some considered Abraha, the minister of the king of Yemen, not the king himself.<ref>Majlisī, ''Mirʾāt al-ʿuqūl'', vol. 5, p. 240.</ref> After this event, that year became famous among Arabs as the [[Year of Elephant]] ('Am al-Fil)<ref>'Abduh, ''Risālat al-tawḥīd'', p. 97.</ref> and was considered the beginning point for Arab's calendar in the [[Age of Ignorance]].<ref>Khātamī, ''Farhang-i ʿilm-i kalām'', p. 156.</ref> The birth of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] was shortly after this event.<ref>Bayhaqī, ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa'', vol. 1, p. 73.</ref> | Ashaf al-Fil (army of the elephants) refers to Abraha b. Sabbah b. Ashram, the king of Yemen and his army who moved toward [[Mecca]] to destroy the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 822; Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 362.</ref> [[Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] quoted from [[Waqidi]] that Abraha was the grandfather of [[Najashi]], king of Yemen at the time of the [[Prophet (s)]]<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 362.</ref> and some considered Abraha, the minister of the king of Yemen, not the king himself.<ref>Majlisī, ''Mirʾāt al-ʿuqūl'', vol. 5, p. 240.</ref> After this event, that year became famous among Arabs as the [[Year of Elephant]] ('Am al-Fil)<ref>'Abduh, ''Risālat al-tawḥīd'', p. 97.</ref> and was considered the beginning point for Arab's calendar in the [[Age of Ignorance]].<ref>Khātamī, ''Farhang-i ʿilm-i kalām'', p. 156.</ref> The birth of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] was shortly after this event.<ref>Bayhaqī, ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa'', vol. 1, p. 73.</ref> | ||
== Ashab al-Fil in the Qur'an == | == Ashab al-Fil in the Qur'an == | ||
[[File:نقاشی استاد احمدیه.jpg|thumbnail|right|A panel of [[Army of Elephants]] by Isfandyar Ahmadiya]] | |||
{{main|Sura al-Fil}} | {{main|Sura al-Fil}} | ||
Sura al-Fil has mentioned this event and refers to them as Ashab al-Fil: | Sura al-Fil has mentioned this event and refers to them as Ashab al-Fil: | ||
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Books of [[hadiths]], has mentioned this event in chapters such as: the [[miracle]]s of the Prophet (s)<ref>Quṭb al-Dīn al-Rāwandī, ''al-Kharāʾij wa l-jarāʾiḥ'', p. 86.</ref>, Imamate of [[Mahdi (a)]],<ref>Majlisī, ''Shīa dar pīshgāh-i Qurʾān'', p. 65.</ref> issues about the situation of the world<ref>Majlisī, ''Āsimān wa jahān'', vol. 8, p. 4.</ref> and superiority of the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Majlisī, ''Lawāmiʿ Ṣaḥibqarānī'', vol. 7, p. 244.</ref> | Books of [[hadiths]], has mentioned this event in chapters such as: the [[miracle]]s of the Prophet (s)<ref>Quṭb al-Dīn al-Rāwandī, ''al-Kharāʾij wa l-jarāʾiḥ'', p. 86.</ref>, Imamate of [[Mahdi (a)]],<ref>Majlisī, ''Shīa dar pīshgāh-i Qurʾān'', p. 65.</ref> issues about the situation of the world<ref>Majlisī, ''Āsimān wa jahān'', vol. 8, p. 4.</ref> and superiority of the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Majlisī, ''Lawāmiʿ Ṣaḥibqarānī'', vol. 7, p. 244.</ref> | ||
== | ==Event of Moving an Army to Mecca by Abraha == | ||
{{main|Year of Elephant}} | {{main|Year of Elephant}} | ||
[[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|al-Tabrisi]] and some [[exegete]]s have mentioned this issue that [[Abraha]] built a building like the Ka'ba in Yemen and ordered people to circumambulate it like in [[hajj rituals]]; but, they did not follow it and meanwhile, a man from [[Banu Kinana]] went to Yemen and polluted that place. Abraha became angry of that and said, "I swear by my [[Christian]] faith that I will destroy that house, so that no one goes there for visiting and [[hajj]]". Then, he ordered to gather elephants and prepared to move there with a group of people. In the middle of the way, Abraha sent a person to Banu Salim to call people to visit the building he had built like the Ka'ba, but he was killed and this made Abraha more resentful to move more quickly toward [[Mecca]].<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 362; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 822.</ref> | [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|al-Tabrisi]] and some [[exegete]]s have mentioned this issue that [[Abraha]] built a building like the Ka'ba in Yemen and ordered people to circumambulate it like in [[hajj rituals]]; but, they did not follow it and meanwhile, a man from [[Banu Kinana]] went to Yemen and polluted that place. Abraha became angry of that and said, "I swear by my [[Christian]] faith that I will destroy that house, so that no one goes there for visiting and [[hajj]]". Then, he ordered to gather elephants and prepared to move there with a group of people. In the middle of the way, Abraha sent a person to Banu Salim to call people to visit the building he had built like the Ka'ba, but he was killed and this made Abraha more resentful to move more quickly toward [[Mecca]].<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 362; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 822.</ref> | ||