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Al-Ihsan Verse: Difference between revisions
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==Brief Introduction== | ==Brief Introduction== | ||
The [[Qur'an 16]]:90 is known as Ayat al-Ihsan (al-Ihsan Verse). The verse points to six principles, three of which command [[justice]], kindness and donation to relatives, while the remaining three principles forbid immorality, bad conduct, and oppression. | The [[Qur'an 16]]:90 is known as Ayat al-Ihsan (al-Ihsan Verse).<ref>Markaz-i Farhang wa Maʿārif-i Qurʾān, ''Dāʾirat al-maʿārif-i Qurʾān-i karīm'', vol. 1, p. 367.</ref> The verse points to six principles, three of which command [[justice]], kindness and donation to relatives, while the remaining three principles forbid immorality, bad conduct, and oppression.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 11, p. 366.</ref> | ||
According to some [[Shiite]] exegetes of the [[Qur'an]], al-Ihsan Verse is an example of the most comprehensive plan offered by [[Islam]] for social and moral issues. [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] frequently [[Tilawa|recited]] the verse at the end of his sermons for [[Friday Prayers]]. During his [[caliphate]], [[Umar b. Abd al-Aziz]] (reign: 99/717-8 -101/719-20) ordered preachers of Friday Prayers to stop [[cursing Amir al-Mu'minin]] in their sermons and recite the Verse of Ihsan instead. | According to some [[Shiite]] exegetes of the [[Qur'an]], al-Ihsan Verse is an example of the most comprehensive plan offered by [[Islam]] for social and moral issues.<ref>See: Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 11, p. 366.</ref> [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] frequently [[Tilawa|recited]] the verse at the end of his sermons for [[Friday Prayers]].<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 3, p. 422-424; Ḥuwayzī, ''Tafsīr nūr al-thaqalayn'', vol. 3, p. 77.</ref> During his [[caliphate]], [[Umar b. Abd al-Aziz]] (reign: 99/717-8 -101/719-20) ordered preachers of Friday Prayers to stop [[cursing Amir al-Mu'minin]] in their sermons and recite the Verse of Ihsan instead.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 5, p. 42-43; Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqī, ''al-Fakhrī'', p. 129; Zamakhsharī, ''al-Kashshāf'', vol. 2, p. 630.</ref> | ||
[[Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], one of the Prophet's ( | [[Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], one of the [[Prophet's (s) Companions]] and a memorizer and an exegete of the Qur'an, described the Verse of Ihsan as the most comprehensive Qur'anic verse,<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 14, p. 109; Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān'', vol. 6, p. 37.</ref> which covers all the good and all the bad.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 14, p. 109; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 6, p. 587; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 20, p. 259.</ref> It is believed by others that this verse could adequately express all there is to know about religious norms even if there were no other verses in the Qur'an. Thus, some exegetes of the Qur'an take al-Ihsan Verse to be the most comprehensive plan for happiness in the [[Afterlife]]. | ||
According to a [[hadith]] from [[Uthman b. Maz'un]] (d. 2/623-4), he became fond of Islam after the [[revelation]] of this verse. He shared the verse with [[Abu Talib]], as well as [[Walid b. Mughira]] (d. 2/623-4), and the verse attracted their great admiration. | According to a [[hadith]] from [[Uthman b. Maz'un]] (d. 2/623-4), he became fond of Islam after the [[revelation]] of this verse. He shared the verse with [[Abu Talib]], as well as [[Walid b. Mughira]] (d. 2/623-4), and the verse attracted their great admiration. | ||
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* Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH. | * Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH. | ||
* Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. ''Tafsīr-i nimūna''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1371 Sh. | * Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. ''Tafsīr-i nimūna''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1371 Sh. | ||
* Markaz-i Farhang wa Maʿārif-i Qurʾān. ''Dāʾirat al-maʿārif-i Qurʾān-i karīm''. Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb, 1382 Sh. | |||
* Qirāʾatī, Muḥsin. ''Tafsīr-i nūr''. Tehran: Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Darshā-yi az Qurʾān, 1388 Sh. | * Qirāʾatī, Muḥsin. ''Tafsīr-i nūr''. Tehran: Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Darshā-yi az Qurʾān, 1388 Sh. | ||
* Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb, 1363 Sh. | * Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb, 1363 Sh. | ||