Automoderated users, confirmed, movedable, protected, Administrators, templateeditor
4,501
edits
Al-Shafi fi l-imama (book): Difference between revisions
m
Minor Edit
No edit summary |
m (Minor Edit) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{about|'''al-Shafi''' by [[al-Sayyid al-Murtada 'Alam al-Huda|al-Sayyid al-Murtada]]|other book named '''al-Shafi'''|Al-Shafi (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{Infobox book | {{Infobox book | ||
| name = Al-Shafi fi l-imama | | name = Al-Shafi fi l-imama | ||
| Line 5: | Line 6: | ||
| author = [[Al-Sayyid al-Murtada]] | | author = [[Al-Sayyid al-Murtada]] | ||
| title_orig = | | title_orig = | ||
| orig_lang_code = | | orig_lang_code = {{ia|الشافي في الإمامة (كتاب)}} | ||
| title_working = | | title_working = | ||
| illustrator = | | illustrator = | ||
| Line 35: | Line 36: | ||
==Author== | ==Author== | ||
{{main|al-Sayyid al-Murtada}} | {{main|al-Sayyid al-Murtada}} | ||
The author of ''al-Shafi'' is al-Sayyid al-Murtada (355/966-436/1044), the well-known [[imami]] jurist and theologian. He became the | The author of ''al-Shafi'' is al-Sayyid al-Murtada (355/966-436/1044), the well-known [[imami]] jurist and theologian. He became the Shia authority after [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]]'s demise. <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Dhakhīra fī ʿilm al-kalām'', 1411AH, introduction by Ḥusaynī, p. 7. </ref> His teachers included<ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''Dīwān al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā'', 1417AH, introduction by Tūnjī, vol. 1, p. 10. </ref> Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, [[Al-Husayn b. 'Ali b. Babawayh]] the brother of [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], [[Ibn Nubata al-Sa'di]] and[['Ali al-Marzbani]]. | ||
His students included<ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Dhakhīra fī ʿilm al-kalām'', 1411AH, introduction by Ḥusaynī, p. 47. </ref> [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]], [[Sallar al-Daylami]], [[Ibn al-Barraj]] and [[Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Karajaki]] | |||
His students included<ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Dhakhīra fī ʿilm al-kalām'', 1411AH, introduction by Ḥusaynī, p. 47. </ref> | |||
Al-Sayyid al-Murtada adopted a rationalistic approach to theological issues. For this reason, in the case of prima facie contradictions between reason and textual evidence (i. e. , Quranic verses and hadiths), he preferred reason and interpreted the text away. <ref>Sharīʿatī Nīyāsar, "ʿAql wa naql dar dīdgāh-i Sayyid Murtaḍā wa piyjūyi-yi rābiti-yi ān du dar athār-i ū", p. 76-78. </ref> Al-Sayyid al-Murtada developed his theological views in books such as ''al-Dhakhira fi 'ilm al-kalam'', ''Tanzih al-anbiya''', ''al-Muqni' fi l-ghayba'', ''[[Jumal al-'ilm wa-l-'amal]]'', and ''al-Fusul al-mukhtara''. | Al-Sayyid al-Murtada adopted a rationalistic approach to theological issues. For this reason, in the case of prima facie contradictions between reason and textual evidence (i. e. , Quranic verses and hadiths), he preferred reason and interpreted the text away. <ref>Sharīʿatī Nīyāsar, "ʿAql wa naql dar dīdgāh-i Sayyid Murtaḍā wa piyjūyi-yi rābiti-yi ān du dar athār-i ū", p. 76-78. </ref> Al-Sayyid al-Murtada developed his theological views in books such as ''al-Dhakhira fi 'ilm al-kalam'', ''Tanzih al-anbiya''', ''al-Muqni' fi l-ghayba'', ''[[Jumal al-'ilm wa-l-'amal]]'', and ''al-Fusul al-mukhtara''. | ||
| Line 60: | Line 48: | ||
==Place in Islamic Theology== | ==Place in Islamic Theology== | ||
The book ''al-Shafi'' dates back to the fifth/eleventh century. | The book ''al-Shafi'' dates back to the fifth/eleventh century. Shia and Sunni scholars in that century and the centuries that followed wrote summaries or critiques of the book, including al-Shaykh al-Tusi's ''Talkhis al-shafi''. <ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ''al-Dharīʿa'', 1408AH, vol. 13, p. 8. </ref> Moreover, some people cited the book in their own theological books, as al-Sayyid al-Murtada himself cited it in other works of his, including ''Tanzih al-anbiya''', <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''Tanzīh al-anbīyāʾ'', 1250AH, p. 133, 137, 140, 155, 159, 183. </ref> ''al-Muqni' fi l-ghayba'', <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Muqniʿ fī al-ghayba'', 1416AH, p. 31, 36, 61. </ref> and ''al-Dhakhira'', <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Dhakhīra fī ʿilm al-kalām'', 1411AH, p. 409, 446, 485, 488, 501. </ref> which were written after ''al-Shafi''. <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Muqniʿ fī al-ghayba'', 1416AH, introduction by Ḥakīm, p. 16. </ref> | ||
According to Sayyid Ahmad Husayni, the editor of ''al-Dhakhira fi 'ilm al-kalam'', ''al-Shafi'' indicates al-Sayyid al-Murtada's mastery of [[kalam]] (theology) and debates on all Islamic denominations. <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Dhakhīra fī ʿilm al-kalām'', 1411AH, introduction by Ḥusaynī, p. 8. </ref> Sayyid Baha' al-Din al-Mukhtari al-Sabzawari, a scholar of the eleventh/seventeen and twelfth/eighteenth centuries, wrote a poem in Arabic about ''al-Shafi'' (literally: heal) to the following effect: | According to Sayyid Ahmad Husayni, the editor of ''al-Dhakhira fi 'ilm al-kalam'', ''al-Shafi'' indicates al-Sayyid al-Murtada's mastery of [[kalam]] (theology) and debates on all Islamic denominations. <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Dhakhīra fī ʿilm al-kalām'', 1411AH, introduction by Ḥusaynī, p. 8. </ref> Sayyid Baha' al-Din al-Mukhtari al-Sabzawari, a scholar of the eleventh/seventeen and twelfth/eighteenth centuries, wrote a poem in Arabic about ''al-Shafi'' (literally: heal) to the following effect: | ||
| Line 74: | Line 62: | ||
* Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar's view of the necessity of imamate | * Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar's view of the necessity of imamate | ||
* Textual evidence for the necessity of imamate | * Textual evidence for the necessity of imamate | ||
* Al-Qadi's rejection of the | * Al-Qadi's rejection of the Shia arguments for imamate and infallibility | ||
* Al-Qadi's rational (philosophical) arguments against the necessity of there being an explicit text about the imam | * Al-Qadi's rational (philosophical) arguments against the necessity of there being an explicit text about the imam | ||
* Repudiation of al-Qadi's critique of the | * Repudiation of al-Qadi's critique of the Shia arguments for the necessity of there being an explicit text about the imam | ||
* Repudiation of al-Qadi's view of there being no text about the imam | * Repudiation of al-Qadi's view of there being no text about the imam | ||
* Repudiation of al-Qadi's view about the requisite characteristics of the imam | * Repudiation of al-Qadi's view about the requisite characteristics of the imam | ||
| Line 100: | Line 88: | ||
==Summaries and Repudiations== | ==Summaries and Repudiations== | ||
The following are summaries of ''al-Shafi'' written by | The following are summaries of ''al-Shafi'' written by Shia scholars: | ||
[[File:تلخیص الشافی.jpg|thumb| | [[File:تلخیص الشافی.jpg|thumb|200px|''Talkhis al-shafi'' by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]]]] | ||
* ''Talkhis al-shafi'' by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]], a student of al-Sayyid al-Murtada. <ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ''al-Dharīʿa'', 1408AH, vol. 13, p. 8. </ref> This book is said to be a reason why ''al-Shafi'' was protected against distortions. | * ''Talkhis al-shafi'' by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]], a student of al-Sayyid al-Murtada. <ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ''al-Dharīʿa'', 1408AH, vol. 13, p. 8. </ref> This book is said to be a reason why ''al-Shafi'' was protected against distortions. | ||
| Line 113: | Line 101: | ||
''Al-Shafi'' was lithographically printed in 1301/1883-4 along with al-Shaykh al-Tusi's summary. <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Dhakhīra fī ʿilm al-kalām'', 1411AH, p. 51; Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Shāfī'', 1410AH, vol. 1, introduction by Khaṭīb Ḥusaynī, p. 14. </ref> This version is mentioned by [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] in ''al-Dhari'a''. <ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ''al-Dharīʿa'', 1408AH, vol. 13, p. 8. </ref> Moreover, in 1410/1989-90, al-Sadiq Publishing Institute published the book in four volumes. This was edited by Sayyid 'Abd al-Zahra' Khatib Husayni. The institute reprinted the book in 1384 Sh/2005 in two volumes. <ref>Khalīlī Āshtīyānī, "al-Shāfī fī l-imāma", p. 141. </ref> | ''Al-Shafi'' was lithographically printed in 1301/1883-4 along with al-Shaykh al-Tusi's summary. <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Dhakhīra fī ʿilm al-kalām'', 1411AH, p. 51; Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Shāfī'', 1410AH, vol. 1, introduction by Khaṭīb Ḥusaynī, p. 14. </ref> This version is mentioned by [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] in ''al-Dhari'a''. <ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ''al-Dharīʿa'', 1408AH, vol. 13, p. 8. </ref> Moreover, in 1410/1989-90, al-Sadiq Publishing Institute published the book in four volumes. This was edited by Sayyid 'Abd al-Zahra' Khatib Husayni. The institute reprinted the book in 1384 Sh/2005 in two volumes. <ref>Khalīlī Āshtīyānī, "al-Shāfī fī l-imāma", p. 141. </ref> | ||
In his critical edition of ''al-Shafi'', Sayyid 'Abd al-Zahra' Khatib Husayni consulted all the available manuscripts of the book in the [[Library of Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi]] and the [[Library of Astan Quds Razavi]], showing their differences with abbreviations. <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Shāfī'', 1410AH, introduction by Khaṭīb Ḥusaynī, vol. 1, p. 15-16. </ref> Some features of this critical edition include citation of the sources of the passages quoted from ''al-Mughni'' (with volume and page numbers), giving the meanings of certain abstruse words, specification of the references of pronouns, and citation of the hadiths mentioned in the book from | In his critical edition of ''al-Shafi'', Sayyid 'Abd al-Zahra' Khatib Husayni consulted all the available manuscripts of the book in the [[Library of Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi]] and the [[Library of Astan Quds Razavi]], showing their differences with abbreviations. <ref>Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ''al-Shāfī'', 1410AH, introduction by Khaṭīb Ḥusaynī, vol. 1, p. 15-16. </ref> Some features of this critical edition include citation of the sources of the passages quoted from ''al-Mughni'' (with volume and page numbers), giving the meanings of certain abstruse words, specification of the references of pronouns, and citation of the hadiths mentioned in the book from Shia and Sunni sources. Moreover, he specified the passages quoted by al-Sayyid al-Murtada from al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar, but could not be found in ''al-Mughni''. <ref>Khalīlī Āshtīyānī, "al-Shāfī fī l-imāma", p. 140-141. </ref> | ||
==Manuscripts== | ==Manuscripts== | ||
| Line 153: | Line 141: | ||
| infobox = done | | infobox = done | ||
| navbox = done | | navbox = done | ||
| redirects = | | redirects = done | ||
| quick review = | | quick review = | ||
| date check = done | | date check = done | ||