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Umm Salama: Difference between revisions
category and quick review
imported>Nazarzadeh m (Nazarzadeh moved page Umm Salama (Prophet Muhammad's (s) wife) to Umm Salama) |
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{{about|the '''Prophet Muhammad's (s) wife'''|other people named '''Umm Salama'''|Umm Salama (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = Umm Salama | | name = Umm Salama | ||
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| Full Name = Hind bt. Abu Umayya b. | | Full Name = Hind bt. Abu Umayya b. Mughira al-Makhzumi | ||
| Nickname = | | Nickname = | ||
| [[Kunya]] = Umm Salama | | [[Kunya]] = Umm Salama | ||
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{{The Wives of the Prophet (s)-Vertical}} | {{The Wives of the Prophet (s)-Vertical}} | ||
'''Ḥind bt. | '''Ḥind bt. ʾAbū ʾUmayya''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|هند بنت أبو أمیة}}), known as '''Umm Salama''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|أُمّ سَلَمه}}), was a wife of the [[Prophet (s)]] and one of the persons who were called [[Umm al-Mu'minin]]. She [[Migration to Abyssinia|immigrated to Abyssinia]] together with Muslims and was the first person who [[Hijra|immigrated to Medina]]. | ||
She loved [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] very much and after his martyrdom, mourned for him. | She loved [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] very much and after his martyrdom, mourned for him. | ||
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She accepted Islam in the first years of the Prophet's (s) mission and immigrated to [[Abyssinia]] with a group of Muslims led by [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]] following the order of the Prophet (s). In [[4]]/625, after her husband died, she married the Prophet (s). Most historians have mentioned that she passed away after the event of [['Ashura]]. | She accepted Islam in the first years of the Prophet's (s) mission and immigrated to [[Abyssinia]] with a group of Muslims led by [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]] following the order of the Prophet (s). In [[4]]/625, after her husband died, she married the Prophet (s). Most historians have mentioned that she passed away after the event of [['Ashura]]. | ||
== | == Name and Lineage == | ||
Her name was Hind, but she was called Umm Salama since she had a son whose name was Salama. | Her name was Hind, but she was called Umm Salama since she had a son whose name was Salama. | ||
The name of her father was Abu Umayya b. | The name of her father was Abu Umayya b. Mughira and the name of her mother was [['Atikah bt. 'Amir b. Rabi'a al-Kinani|'Atikah]]. Some sources have said that her mother was a daughter of [['Abd al-Muttalib]], but most historians believe that she was a daughter of [['Amir b. Rabi'a al-Kinani]]. | ||
There is no information about the date of her birth. | There is no information about the date of her birth. | ||
== | == Conversion to Islam == | ||
Before marrying the [[Prophet (s)]], Umm Salama was the wife of the Prophet's (s) step brother, [[Abu Salama|Abu Salama b. 'Abd al-Asad al-Makhzumi]]. She became Muslim together with her husband in [[Mecca]]. | Before marrying the [[Prophet (s)]], Umm Salama was the wife of the Prophet's (s) step brother, [[Abu Salama|Abu Salama b. 'Abd al-Asad al-Makhzumi]]. She became Muslim together with her husband in [[Mecca]]. | ||
== | == Immigration to Abyssinia == | ||
Umm Salama and her husband joined the group of Muslims who immigrated to [[Abyssinia]]. All hadiths related to [[Quraysh]] delegates in Abyssinia and their debates with [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]] in the presence of king of Abyssinia are narrated by Umm Salama. | Umm Salama and her husband joined the group of Muslims who immigrated to [[Abyssinia]]. All hadiths related to [[Quraysh]] delegates in Abyssinia and their debates with [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]] in the presence of king of Abyssinia are narrated by Umm Salama. | ||
[[Ibn Hisham]] narrated the story of entering | [[Ibn Hisham]] narrated the story of entering emigrants to Abyssinia and the kind encounter of the king of Abyssinia with them from Umm Salama. | ||
== | == Immigration to Medina == | ||
Following the Prophet's (s) order for [[Immigration to Medina|immigration of Muslims to Medina]], the first person who immigrated was [[Abu Salama]] who went to [[Medina]] with his son and his wife but [[Banu | Following the Prophet's (s) order for [[Immigration to Medina|immigration of Muslims to Medina]], the first person who immigrated was [[Abu Salama]] who went to [[Medina]] with his son and his wife but [[Banu Mughira]], who were relatives of Umm Salama prevented them from going to Medina. Umm Salama narrated her story of separating from her son and husband that, "I used to cry days and nights for one year and went and stood on the way to Medina and asked about them from anyone coming from Medina. When my relatives saw my distress, they let me travel to Medina and I traveled to Medina after one year." | ||
== | == In Medina == | ||
=== | === Marriage with the Prophet (s) === | ||
After [[Abu Salama]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Asad]] passed away in [[4]]/625-626 due to a wound from the [[Battle of Uhud]], Umm Salama married the Prophet (s). Before, the Prophet (s) asked Umm Salama for marriage, [[Abu Bakr]] and then [['Umar b. Khattab|'Umar]] did, but she did not accept. Then, the Prophet (s) asked her for marriage and she accepted. Umm Salama had virtues which made [['A'isha]] envious and upset. | After [[Abu Salama]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Asad]] passed away in [[4]]/625-626 due to a wound from the [[Battle of Uhud]], Umm Salama married the Prophet (s). Before, the Prophet (s) asked Umm Salama for marriage, [[Abu Bakr]] and then [['Umar b. Khattab|'Umar]] did, but she did not accept. Then, the Prophet (s) asked her for marriage and she accepted. Umm Salama had virtues which made [['A'isha]] envious and upset. | ||
=== | === Participation in Battles and Sariyyas=== | ||
Umm Salama participated in many battles and [[Sariyya]]s such as [[Battle of Banu l-Mustaliq|al-Muraysi']], [[Battle of Khaybar|Khaybar]], [[Battle of Hudaybiyya|Hudaybiyya]], [[Battle of Khandaq|Khandaq]], [[Conquest of Mecca]] and [[Battle of Hunayn|Hunayn]]. Later, she went to the battlefield of Uhud every month and sent Salutation upon the martyrs. | Umm Salama participated in many battles and [[Sariyya]]s such as [[Battle of Banu l-Mustaliq|al-Muraysi']], [[Battle of Khaybar|Khaybar]], [[Battle of Hudaybiyya|Hudaybiyya]], [[Battle of Khandaq|Khandaq]], [[Conquest of Mecca]] and [[Battle of Hunayn|Hunayn]]. Later, she went to the battlefield of Uhud every month and sent Salutation upon the martyrs. | ||
== | == Relation with the Ahl al-Bayt (a) == | ||
Umm Salama always tried to be with the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. According to reports, after the Prophet (s) passed away, Umm Salama was one of the defenders of the Ahl al-Bayt (a), so that she defended [[Lady Fatima (a)]] against [[Abu Bakr]] regarding the Prophet's (s) inheritance for Lady Fatima (a) and that year she was deprived of it. | Umm Salama always tried to be with the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. According to reports, after the Prophet (s) passed away, Umm Salama was one of the defenders of the Ahl al-Bayt (a), so that she defended [[Lady Fatima (a)]] against [[Abu Bakr]] regarding the Prophet's (s) inheritance for Lady Fatima (a) and that year she was deprived of it. | ||
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When she was disappointed from stopping 'A'isha, informed Imam Ali (a) about the intentions of the Companions of Jamal ('A'isha, Talha, and Zubayr) and sent her son [['Umar b. Abi Salama]] to him. Later, Imam Ali (a) appointed this man as the governor of [[Bahrain]], then the governor of [[Fars]], and in another account, as the governor of [[Hulwan]], Mah, and Masbadhan. | When she was disappointed from stopping 'A'isha, informed Imam Ali (a) about the intentions of the Companions of Jamal ('A'isha, Talha, and Zubayr) and sent her son [['Umar b. Abi Salama]] to him. Later, Imam Ali (a) appointed this man as the governor of [[Bahrain]], then the governor of [[Fars]], and in another account, as the governor of [[Hulwan]], Mah, and Masbadhan. | ||
=== | === Love for Imam al-Husayn (a) === | ||
Her love for the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] was to such an extent that she was assigned to take care of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] in childhood; and after his [[martyrdom]] by [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya|Yazid]], she mourned a lot for Imam al-Husayn (a). | Her love for the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] was to such an extent that she was assigned to take care of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] in childhood; and after his [[martyrdom]] by [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya|Yazid]], she mourned a lot for Imam al-Husayn (a). | ||
=== | === Role in the Event of Karbala === | ||
Before traveling to [[Karbala]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] trusted the [[Prophet (s)|Prophet's (s)]] standard and weapon as the [[Signs of Imams (a)]] to her to keep them safe. This shows her special position for the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. According to some reports, the Prophet (s) had given a little of the [[Turba of Imam al-Husayn (a)|soil of Karbala]] and she kept it in a jar. The Prophet (s) had told her that, "when you saw that this soil turned to blood, my son al-Husayn (a) is martyred. One day, she dreamt the Prophet (s) with a sad face and wearing dusty clothes and he (s) told her, "we are coming from the burial of the martyrs." She just woke up and went to that jar and found it bloody and learned that Husayn (a) was martyred. Then, she began crying and mourning and when neighbors came, she told them the story. This story is known as the [[Hadith of Qarura]]. | Before traveling to [[Karbala]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] trusted the [[Prophet (s)|Prophet's (s)]] standard and weapon as the [[Signs of Imams (a)]] to her to keep them safe. This shows her special position for the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. According to some reports, the Prophet (s) had given a little of the [[Turba of Imam al-Husayn (a)|soil of Karbala]] and she kept it in a jar. The Prophet (s) had told her that, "when you saw that this soil turned to blood, my son al-Husayn (a) is martyred. One day, she dreamt the Prophet (s) with a sad face and wearing dusty clothes and he (s) told her, "we are coming from the burial of the martyrs." She just woke up and went to that jar and found it bloody and learned that Husayn (a) was martyred. Then, she began crying and mourning and when neighbors came, she told them the story. This story is known as the [[Hadith of Qarura]]. | ||
== | == Opposition against Mu'awiya == | ||
After [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] accepted peace with [[Mu'awiya]], Umm Salama advised her nephew and [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] to accept [[allegiance]] with Mu'awiya in order to keep their lives. | After [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] accepted peace with [[Mu'awiya]], Umm Salama advised her nephew and [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] to accept [[allegiance]] with Mu'awiya in order to keep their lives. | ||
But Jabir would not keep silent and after Mu'awiya issued an order that speakers had to curse [[Imam Ali (a)]] on pulpits in mosques, Jabir wrote a letter to Mu'awiya and severely admonished him. | But Jabir would not keep silent and after Mu'awiya issued an order that speakers had to curse [[Imam Ali (a)]] on pulpits in mosques, Jabir wrote a letter to Mu'awiya and severely admonished him. | ||
== | == Demise == | ||
There is disagreement on the year of her demise, as it has been reported between [[59]]/678-679 to [[62]]/681-682; but it seems that 62/681-682 could be most accurate; since she was alive after the martyrdom of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. Therefore she was the last | There is disagreement on the year of her demise, as it has been reported between [[59]]/678-679 to [[62]]/681-682; but it seems that 62/681-682 could be most accurate; since she was alive after the martyrdom of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. Therefore she was the last wife of the Prophet (s) who passed away. | ||
It has been reported by her son, 'Umar, that she was 84 years old when she passed away. Her grave is located in [[al-Baqi' cemetery]] beside the graves of other noble Muslims of the early Islam. | It has been reported by her son, 'Umar, that she was 84 years old when she passed away. Her grave is located in [[al-Baqi' cemetery]] beside the graves of other noble Muslims of the early Islam. | ||
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Umm Salama also narrated hadiths from [[Abu Salama|Abu Salama b. 'Abd al-Asad]] and [[Lady Fatima (a)]] and many people have learned hadiths from her and have transmitted them whose names are recorded in hadith references. | Umm Salama also narrated hadiths from [[Abu Salama|Abu Salama b. 'Abd al-Asad]] and [[Lady Fatima (a)]] and many people have learned hadiths from her and have transmitted them whose names are recorded in hadith references. | ||
=== Trustworthiness | === Trustworthiness === | ||
When [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] went out of [[Medina]] towards [[Mecca]], he (a) trusted the [[Signs of Imams (a)]] to Umm Salama. After [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] returned from [[Karbala]], Umm Salama gave [[Imam 'Ali (a)|Imam Ali's (a)]] books of knowledge, Signs and possessions of Imams (a) trusted to her to Imam al-Sajjad (a) and this is a good proof of her trustworthiness of Umm Salama before Imams (a). | When [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] went out of [[Medina]] towards [[Mecca]], he (a) trusted the [[Signs of Imams (a)]] to Umm Salama. After [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] returned from [[Karbala]], Umm Salama gave [[Imam 'Ali (a)|Imam Ali's (a)]] books of knowledge, Signs and possessions of Imams (a) trusted to her to Imam al-Sajjad (a) and this is a good proof of her trustworthiness of Umm Salama before Imams (a). | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
== | == References == | ||
*The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87 ام سلمه] in Farsi WikiShia. | *The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87 ام سلمه] in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
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[[Category:Emigrants to Abyssinia]] | [[Category:Emigrants to Abyssinia]] | ||
[[Category:Transmitters of the hadith al-Ghadir]] | [[Category:Transmitters of the hadith al-Ghadir]] | ||
[[Category:Buried in Baqi cemetery]] | [[Category:Buried in al-Baqi cemetery]] | ||
[[Category:Female hadith transmitters]] | |||