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Hadith of the Divider of the Hell and the Heaven: Difference between revisions
Hadith of the Divider of the Hell and the Heaven (view source)
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There are two major interpretations of the hadith by Muslim scholars: the first is that 'Ali’s friends and advocates will go to the Heaven, and his enemies will be in the Hell; and the other is that, on the [[day of resurrection]], [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] will determine who would go to the Heaven and who would go to the Hell. | There are two major interpretations of the hadith by Muslim scholars: the first is that 'Ali’s friends and advocates will go to the Heaven, and his enemies will be in the Hell; and the other is that, on the [[day of resurrection]], [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] will determine who would go to the Heaven and who would go to the Hell. | ||
The hadith is deemed [[mutawatir]] (or frequently transmitted) by some Shiite and Sunni scholars, | The hadith is deemed [[mutawatir]] (or frequently transmitted) by some Shiite and Sunni scholars. Still, some Sunni scholars have cited it with a particular chain of transmission, which they regard as unreliable. | ||
Arabic and Persian poems also cite the hadith of the divider of the Hell and the Heaven. | |||
==The Text of the Hadith== | ==The Text of the Hadith== | ||
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“The Divider of the Hell and the Heaven” is a hadith from the Prophet (s) about Imam 'Ali (a), which is cited in different wordings: | “The Divider of the Hell and the Heaven” is a hadith from the Prophet (s) about Imam 'Ali (a), which is cited in different wordings: | ||
* | * "O 'Ali, indeed, you are the divider of the Heaven and the Hell."<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 27; Ibn ʿUqda Kūfī, ''Faḍāʾīl Amīr al-Muʾminīn(a)'', p. 102; Ṭabarī Āmulī, ''Bishārat al-Muṣṭafā'', p. 56, 102, 164.</ref> According to ''[[Sahifa Imam al-Rida (a)]], "the Hell" comes before "the Heaven": "Oh 'Ali, indeed, you are the divider of the Hell and the Heaven."<ref>Saḥīfa al-Imām al-Riḍā(a), p. 56, 57.</ref> In some sources, the hadith continues as follows: "you take your lovers inside the Heaven and your enemies inside the Hell."<ref>Khazzāz Rāzī, ''Kifāyat al-athar, p. 151, 152.</ref> | ||
* | * "O 'Ali, indeed, you are the divider of the Heaven on the day of resurrection, telling the Hell this is mine and this is yours."<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 86; Furāt al-Kūfī, ''Tafsīr furāt al-kūfī'', p. 511, H. 667.</ref> | ||
* | * "O 'Ali, indeed, you are the divider of the Hell, and indeed, you knock on the Heaven's door, entering the Heaven without any reckoning."<ref>Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 107; Khwārizmī, ''al-Manāqib'', p. 295; Ḥamūyī al-Juwaynī, ''Frāʾid al-samaṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 325.</ref> | ||
Moreover, there are hadiths in which Imam 'Ali (a) refers to himself as the divider of the Heaven and the Hell,<ref>Ṣaffār, ''Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 415; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 42, p. 298; Ḥamūyī al-Juwaynī, ''Frāʾid al-samaṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 326; Ibn Mardawayh Iṣfahānī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 133.</ref> including “I am the distinguisher (faruq) who distinguishes between the truth and the falsehood; I take my friends inside the Heaven and my enemies inside the Hell.”<ref>Furāt al-Kūfī, ''Tafsīr furāt al-kūfī'', p. 67.</ref> | Moreover, there are hadiths in which Imam 'Ali (a) refers to himself as the divider of the Heaven and the Hell,<ref>Ṣaffār, ''Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 415; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 42, p. 298; Ḥamūyī al-Juwaynī, ''Frāʾid al-samaṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 326; Ibn Mardawayh Iṣfahānī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 133.</ref> including “I am the distinguisher (faruq) who distinguishes between the truth and the falsehood; I take my friends inside the Heaven and my enemies inside the Hell.”<ref>Furāt al-Kūfī, ''Tafsīr furāt al-kūfī'', p. 67.</ref> | ||
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According to Muslim scholars, there are two major interpretations of the phrase “the divider of the Hell and the Heaven”: | According to Muslim scholars, there are two major interpretations of the phrase “the divider of the Hell and the Heaven”: | ||
* '''First''', those who love Imam 'Ali (a) are indeed guided to the right path, and thus, they go to the Heaven, while his enemies are misguided, | * '''First''', those who love Imam 'Ali (a) are indeed guided to the right path, and thus, they go to the Heaven, while his enemies are misguided, so they go to the Hell.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 19, p. 139; Māzandarānī, ''Sharḥ uṣūl kāfī'', vol. 11, p. 289 and vol. 12, p. 172; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 39, p. 210; Ḥamūyī al-Juwaynī, ''Frāʾid al-samaṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 326.</ref> In reply to someone who denied the hadith of “I am the divider of the Hell,” [[Ahmad b. Hanbal]], a Sunni jurist (d. 241/855-6), adduced another hadith by the Prophet (s) concerning 'Ali (a): “No one loves you except a [[believer]], and no one takes you as an enemy except a [[hypocrite]],” and given that believers go to the Heaven and hypocrites go to the Hell, he infers that 'Ali is indeed the divider of the Hell.<ref>Ibn Abī Yaʿlī, ''Ṭabaqāt al-ḥanābila'', vol. 1, p. 320.</ref> | ||
* '''Second''', Imam 'Ali (a) is | * '''Second''', Imam 'Ali (a) is a divider of the Heaven and the Hell on the [[day of resurrection]]; that is, he says who would go to the Heaven and who would go to the Hell.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 19, p. 139; Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 107; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 39, p. 210.</ref> | ||
Both interpretations are implicit in certain hadiths as well.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 86; Ṣadūq, ''ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 162; Ibn Abī Yaʿlī, ''Ṭabaqāt al-ḥanābila'', vol. 1, p. 320.</ref> | Both interpretations are implicit in certain hadiths as well.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 86; Ṣadūq, ''ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 162; Ibn Abī Yaʿlī, ''Ṭabaqāt al-ḥanābila'', vol. 1, p. 320.</ref> | ||
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==Validity and the Chain of Transmission== | ==Validity and the Chain of Transmission== | ||
According to [[al- | According to [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]]<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 39, p. 210.</ref> and some Sunni scholars, the hadith of the divider of the Hell and the Heaven is [[mutawatir]] (frequently transmitted).<ref>Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 107</ref> Immediate Transmitters of the hadith include [[Jabir b. ʿAbd Allah]],<ref>Ṣaffār, ''Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 415, 416.</ref> [[ʿAbd Allah b. ʿAbbas]],<ref>Ṭabarī Āmulī, ''Bishārat al-Muṣṭafā'', p. 102, 153.</ref> [[Abd Allah b. Umar]],<ref>Ṭabarī Āmulī, ''Bishārat al-Muṣṭafā'', p. 56.</ref> [[Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], <ref>Ṭabarī Āmulī, ''Bishārat al-Muṣṭafā'', p. 164.</ref>[[Abu-l-Tufayl]], <ref>Khazzāz Rāzī, ''Kifāyat al-athar, p. 151.</ref>and [[Abu Salt al-Hirawi]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 86.</ref> Nevertheless, some Sunni scholars have just cited the hadith through Musa b. Turayf and ʿAbaya b. Ribʿi, who they regarded as unreliable transmitters, thus taking the validity of the hadith into question.<ref>Dārqutnī, ''al-ʿIlal al-wāridah fī al-aḥādīth al-nabawī'', vol. 6, p. 273; Dhahabī, ''Mīzān al-iʿtidāl'', vol. 2, p. 387 and vol. 4, p. 208; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 42, p. 298-301; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Lisān al-mīzān'', vol. 3, p. 247 and vol. 6, p. 121; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 7, p. 355; Albānī, ''Sīlsīlat al-aḥādīth al-ḍaʿīfa'', vol. 10, p. 597.</ref> | ||
==In Poetry== | ==In Poetry== | ||