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The '''Uprising of al-Yamānī''' (Arabic:{{ia|خروج اليماني}}) or '''Uprising of al-Qaḥṭānī''' (Arabic: {{ia|خروج القحطاني}}), one of the [[Signs of Reappearance of Imam al-Mahdi (a)|signs]] of [[Imam al-Mahdi]]'s (a) return, refers to the uprising of a Yemeni man from the descendants of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] prior to the [[reappearance]] of the Twelfth Imam (a). The uprising, according to some [[hadith]], occurs simultaneously with the [[revolt of al-Sufyani]] and the [[Uprising of al-Sayyid al-Khurasani]]. Al-Yamani calls people to Imam al-Mahdi (a) and fights with al-Sufyani. | The '''Uprising of al-Yamānī''' (Arabic:{{ia|خروج اليماني}}) or '''Uprising of al-Qaḥṭānī''' (Arabic: {{ia|خروج القحطاني}}), one of the [[Signs of Reappearance of Imam al-Mahdi (a)|signs]] of [[Imam al-Mahdi]]'s (a) return, refers to the uprising of a Yemeni man from the descendants of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] prior to the [[reappearance]] of the Twelfth Imam (a). The uprising, according to some [[hadith]], occurs simultaneously with the [[revolt of al-Sufyani]] and the [[Uprising of al-Sayyid al-Khurasani]]. Al-Yamani calls people to Imam al-Mahdi (a) and fights with al-Sufyani. | ||
Many people across different centuries have claimed to be al-Yamani, including [[Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad al-Kindi]] in the first/seventh century and Talib al-Haqq in the second century, whose claim was rejected by [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. [[Ahmad al-Hasan]] was also among those who made similar claims at the beginning of the 21st century | |||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Al-Yamani is the title of a man who will rise up before the return of Imam al-Mahdi (a)<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 252-253.</ref> and call people to him.<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 255-56; Fatlāwī, ''Rayat al-hudā wa l-ḍilāl fī ʿaṣr al-zuhūr'', p. 101.</ref> | Al-Yamani is the title of a man who will rise up before the return of Imam al-Mahdi (a)<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 252-253.</ref> and call people to him.<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 255-56; Fatlāwī, ''Rayat al-hudā wa l-ḍilāl fī ʿaṣr al-zuhūr'', p. 101.</ref> | ||
The actual name of al-Yamani is not given in Shi'a hadiths, but in Sunni sources, the names Jahjah, al-Hasan, or al-Husayn are mentioned for him.<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 20.</ref> According to the book ''Rayat al-huda wa-l-dalal fi asr al-zuhur'', although the genealogy of al-Yamani is not mentioned in the hadiths, there is strong evidence that he is one of the descendants of the [[Prophet (s)]] through Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Fatlāwī, ''Rayat al-hudā wa l-ḍilāl fī ʿaṣr al-zuhūr'', p. 100.</ref> | The actual name of al-Yamani is not given in [[Shi'a]] hadiths, but in [[Sunni]] sources, the names Jahjah, al-Hasan, or al-Husayn are mentioned for him.<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 20.</ref> According to the book ''Rayat al-huda wa-l-dalal fi asr al-zuhur'', although the genealogy of al-Yamani is not mentioned in the hadiths, there is strong evidence that he is one of the descendants of the [[Prophet (s)]] through Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Fatlāwī, ''Rayat al-hudā wa l-ḍilāl fī ʿaṣr al-zuhūr'', p. 100.</ref> | ||
In a hadith from the Prophet (s), al-Yamani is called "al-Mansur" (the Victorious).<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 39-40.</ref> In Sunni sources, he is called al-Qahtani as well.<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 75; Muqaddasī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa al-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 183.</ref> The word "Qahtani" means related to Qahtan,<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 7, p. 374.</ref> the ancestor of Yemeni Arabs.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 156.</ref> | In a hadith from the Prophet (s), al-Yamani is called "al-Mansur" (the Victorious).<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 39-40.</ref> In Sunni sources, he is called al-Qahtani as well.<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 75; Muqaddasī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa al-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 183.</ref> The word "Qahtani" means related to Qahtan,<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 7, p. 374.</ref> the ancestor of Yemeni Arabs.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 156.</ref> | ||
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According to the hadiths, the uprising of al-Yamani is a sign of the reappearance of Imam al-Mahdi (a). For instance, in a hadith reported in [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]]'s ''[[Kamal al-din]]'', the uprising of al-Yamani, together with the [[heavenly cry]], the [[revolt of al-Sufyani]], the [[murder of al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]], and [[al-Khasf bi-l-Bayda]]', is considered as a definite sign of the return of the Twelfth Imam (a).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol. 2, p. 650, Hadith 7.</ref> | According to the hadiths, the uprising of al-Yamani is a sign of the reappearance of Imam al-Mahdi (a). For instance, in a hadith reported in [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]]'s ''[[Kamal al-din]]'', the uprising of al-Yamani, together with the [[heavenly cry]], the [[revolt of al-Sufyani]], the [[murder of al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]], and [[al-Khasf bi-l-Bayda]]', is considered as a definite sign of the return of the Twelfth Imam (a).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol. 2, p. 650, Hadith 7.</ref> | ||
There is a total of thirty-six hadiths on the uprising of al-Yamani in Sunni and Shi'a sources,<ref> | There is a total of thirty-six hadiths on the uprising of al-Yamani in Sunni and Shi'a sources,<ref>Mahdawī Rād, ''Barrasī-yi taṭbīqī-yi riwāyat-i Yamānī az manzar-i farīqayn'', p. 26.</ref> and in most of them there is no mention of the uprising being a definite sign of the return of the Twelfth Imam (a);<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol. 1, p. 328; vol. 2, p. 649, Hadith 1; Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 252, 253; Laythī al-Wasīṭī, ''ʿUyūn al-ḥikam'', p. 244; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Falāḥ al-sāʾil wa najāḥ al-masāʾil'', p. 171.</ref> only two hadiths in Shi'a sources state that it is a definite sign.<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 17.</ref> Considering this and the fact that in some of the versions of these two hadiths there is no mention of definiteness,<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 310, Hadith 483; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 52, p. 233.</ref> some scholars have questioned the claim that al-Yamani's uprising is among the definite signs<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 17-19; Mahdawī Rād, ''Barrasī-yi taṭbīqī-yi riwāyat-i Yamānī az manzar-i farīqayn'', p. 26.</ref> and have suggested that the words that indicate definiteness may have been added by some of the transmitters of the hadiths.<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 19.</ref> | ||
==Time and Place of the Revolt== | ==Time and Place of the Revolt== | ||
The uprising of al-Yamani and the revolt of al-Sufyani will occur simultaneously.<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 305; Ṭūsī, ''Kitab al-ghayba'', p. 447.</ref> According to a hadith from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], the revolts of al-Sufyani, al-Yamani, and al-Khurasani will take place in the same year, same month, and same day.<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 255-256.</ref> On the other hand, [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] has reportedly said that the revolt of al-Sufyani would occur in the month of [[Rajab]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol. 2, p. 650.</ref> From these two hadiths, some scholars have inferred that the uprising of al-Yamani will also take place in Rajab.<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 26.</ref> Other scholars maintain that the occurrence of these revolts in the same day is to indicate that they will happen very closely to each other, even though they may occur in different days.<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 26-27.</ref> | The uprising of al-Yamani and the revolt of al-Sufyani will occur simultaneously.<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 305; Ṭūsī, ''Kitab al-ghayba'', p. 447.</ref> According to a hadith from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], the revolts of al-Sufyani, al-Yamani, and al-Khurasani will take place in the same year, same month, and same day.<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 255-256.</ref> On the other hand, [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] has reportedly said that the revolt of al-Sufyani would occur in the month of [[Rajab]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol. 2, p. 650.</ref> From these two hadiths, some scholars have inferred that the uprising of al-Yamani will also take place in Rajab.<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 26.</ref> Other scholars maintain that the occurrence of these revolts in the same day is to indicate that they will happen very closely to each other, even though they may occur in different days.<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 26-27.</ref> | ||
Moreover, in some [[Sunni]] sources, there are some reports about the return of [[Christ (a)]] before al-Mahdi (a)<ref>Muqaddasī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa al-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 184; Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 285.</ref> and the appearance of [[Antichrist]].<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 291.</ref> However, Shi'a scholars consider these reports unreliable, because they do not report the words of the [[Prophet (s)]] or [[Imams (a)]]<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 36.</ref> and also because the hadith that speaks of the uprising of al-Yamani after the return of al-Mahdi (a) contradict the hadiths in which the uprising of al-Yamani is a sign of the return of al-Mahdi (a).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol. 1, p. 328; vol. 2, p. 649, Hadith 1; Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 252-253; Laythī al-Wasīṭī, ''ʿUyūn al-ḥikam wa l-mawāʿiz'', p. 244; Ibn Ṭāwūs, '' | Moreover, in some [[Sunni]] sources, there are some reports about the return of [[Christ (a)]] before al-Mahdi (a)<ref>Muqaddasī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa al-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 184; Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 285.</ref> and the appearance of [[Antichrist]].<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 291.</ref> However, Shi'a scholars consider these reports unreliable, because they do not report the words of the [[Prophet (s)]] or [[Imams (a)]]<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 36.</ref> and also because the hadith that speaks of the uprising of al-Yamani after the return of al-Mahdi (a) contradict the hadiths in which the uprising of al-Yamani is a sign of the return of al-Mahdi (a).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol. 1, p. 328; vol. 2, p. 649, Hadith 1; Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 252-253; Laythī al-Wasīṭī, ''ʿUyūn al-ḥikam wa l-mawāʿiz'', p. 244; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Falāḥ al-sāʾil wa najāḥ al-masāʾil'', p. 171.</ref> | ||
The uprising of al-Yamani will occur in [[Yemen]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol. 1, p. 331; Laythī al-Wasīṭī, ''ʿUyūn al-ḥikam wa l-mawāʿiz'', p. 244.</ref> In some hadiths, places such as [[Sana'a]], Aden, Kindah, and Abyan have been mentioned.<ref>Fatlāwī, ''Rayat al-hudā wa l-ḍilāl fī ʿaṣr al-zuhūr'', p. 101.</ref> Some scholars believe that the hadiths that mention Sana'a are more frequently reported and indicate that it will be the center of the uprising.<ref>Fatlāwī, ''Rayat al-hudā wa l-ḍilāl fī ʿaṣr al-zuhūr'', p. 101.</ref> | The uprising of al-Yamani will occur in [[Yemen]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol. 1, p. 331; Laythī al-Wasīṭī, ''ʿUyūn al-ḥikam wa l-mawāʿiz'', p. 244.</ref> In some hadiths, places such as [[Sana'a]], Aden, Kindah, and Abyan have been mentioned.<ref>Fatlāwī, ''Rayat al-hudā wa l-ḍilāl fī ʿaṣr al-zuhūr'', p. 101.</ref> Some scholars believe that the hadiths that mention Sana'a are more frequently reported and indicate that it will be the center of the uprising.<ref>Fatlāwī, ''Rayat al-hudā wa l-ḍilāl fī ʿaṣr al-zuhūr'', p. 101.</ref> | ||
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===Calling the People to the Truth=== | ===Calling the People to the Truth=== | ||
According to a hadith from Imam al-Baqir (a), the uprising of al-Yamani is a just uprising and people must join it.<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 255-256.</ref> Some scholars maintain that what makes al-Yamani's revolt a "just uprising" is the fact that he will call the people to Imam al-Mahdi (a).<ref> | According to a hadith from Imam al-Baqir (a), the uprising of al-Yamani is a just uprising and people must join it.<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 255-256.</ref> Some scholars maintain that what makes al-Yamani's revolt a "just uprising" is the fact that he will call the people to Imam al-Mahdi (a).<ref>Mahdawī Rād, ''Barrasī-yi taṭbīqī-yi riwāyat-i Yamānī az manzar-i farīqayn'', p. 52.</ref> There is a mention of a person called "al-Mansur" in a hadith, who will help Imam al-Mahdi (a) with his seventy supporters,<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 39-40.</ref> and is considered to be al-Yamani. | ||
===Battle with al-Sufyani=== | ===Battle with al-Sufyani=== | ||
Some hadiths indicate that there will be a battle between al-Yamani and al-Sufyani; for instance, it is mentioned that the one who will pluck out al-Sufyani's eyes comes from Sana'a<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 227.</ref> or that the first person who will fight al-Sufyani is al-Qahtani.<ref>Azdī al-Nayshābūrī, ''Mukhtaṣar ithbāt al-rijʿa'', vol. 9, p. 261, quoting from | Some hadiths indicate that there will be a battle between al-Yamani and al-Sufyani; for instance, it is mentioned that the one who will pluck out al-Sufyani's eyes comes from Sana'a<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 227.</ref> or that the first person who will fight al-Sufyani is al-Qahtani.<ref>Azdī al-Nayshābūrī, ''Mukhtaṣar ithbāt al-rijʿa'', vol. 9, p. 261, quoting from Mahdawī Rād, ''Barrasī-yi taṭbīqī-yi riwāyat-i Yamānī az manzar-i farīqayn'', p. 53; Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 227.</ref> | ||
There is some discrepancy as to the result of the battle between al-Yamani and al-Sufyani; some hadiths speak about the victory<ref>Azdī al-Nayshābūrī, ''Mukhtaṣar ithbāt al-rijʿa'', vol. 9, p. 261, quoting from | There is some discrepancy as to the result of the battle between al-Yamani and al-Sufyani; some hadiths speak about the victory<ref>Azdī al-Nayshābūrī, ''Mukhtaṣar ithbāt al-rijʿa'', vol. 9, p. 261, quoting from Mahdawī Rād, ''Barrasī-yi taṭbīqī-yi riwāyat-i Yamānī az manzar-i farīqayn'', p. 53.</ref> and some about the defeat of al-Yamani.<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 199.</ref> Regarding this discrepancy, some scholars have explained that the hadiths may refer to different battles between al-Yamani and al-Sufyani,<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 35.</ref> and some scholars have doubted their authenticity.<ref>Āyatī, ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat'', p. 35; Mahdawī Rād, ''Barrasī-yi taṭbīqī-yi riwāyat-i Yamānī az manzar-i farīqayn'', p. 54.</ref> | ||
According to a hadith narrated by the Sunni scholar Ibn Hammad, al-Yamani joins Imam al-Mahdi in [[Medina]]. Then, al-Sufyani sends an army to Medina, so al-Yamani and al-Mahdi (a) leave Medina for [[Mecca]],<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 223.</ref> and the army of al-Sufyani follows them. When al-Sufyani's army reaches [[al-Bayda']], it will sink in the earth.<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 212.</ref> | According to a hadith narrated by the Sunni scholar Ibn Hammad, al-Yamani joins Imam al-Mahdi in [[Medina]]. Then, al-Sufyani sends an army to Medina, so al-Yamani and al-Mahdi (a) leave Medina for [[Mecca]],<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 223.</ref> and the army of al-Sufyani follows them. When al-Sufyani's army reaches [[al-Bayda']], it will sink in the earth.<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 212.</ref> | ||
===Conquests=== | ===Conquests=== | ||
According to Sunni sources, al-Yamani will conquer Constantinople and Rome.<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 291.</ref> His army's flags are white.<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 199.</ref> This conquest is attributed, in | According to Sunni sources, al-Yamani will conquer Constantinople and Rome.<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 291.</ref> His army's flags are white.<ref>Ibn Ḥammad, ''al-Fitan'', p. 199.</ref> This conquest is attributed, in Shia sources, to Imam al-Mahdi (a).<ref>Nuʿmanī, ''Kitāb al-ghayba'', p. 319.</ref> | ||
==Al-Yamani Claimants== | ==Al-Yamani Claimants== | ||
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* [[Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Ash'ath]] (d. [[95]]/713-4), who revolted against [[al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf]], the governor of [[Iraq]], during the reign of [[Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]]. He called himself al-Qahtani whom the people of Yemen anticipate.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf'', p. 272; Muqaddasī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa al-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 184.</ref> After being defeated by the Umayyads, Ibn Ash'ath fled to Sistan where he died.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf'', p. 273.</ref> | * [[Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Ash'ath]] (d. [[95]]/713-4), who revolted against [[al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf]], the governor of [[Iraq]], during the reign of [[Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]]. He called himself al-Qahtani whom the people of Yemen anticipate.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf'', p. 272; Muqaddasī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa al-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 184.</ref> After being defeated by the Umayyads, Ibn Ash'ath fled to Sistan where he died.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf'', p. 273.</ref> | ||
* Talib al-Haqq, who revolted against the [[Umayyads]] at the time of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. The | * Talib al-Haqq, who revolted against the [[Umayyads]] at the time of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. The Shias asked the Imam (a) whether Talib al-Haqq was al-Yamani, and the Imam (a) replied that al-Yamani loves Imam Ali (a), but Talib al-Haqq is his enemy.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Amālī'', p. 661.</ref> | ||
* Ibn Faras, who was one of the scholars of the 6th/12th and 7th/13th centuries in [[Andalusia]]. Once, he made an audacious remark in the presence of al-Mansur and hid for a while until al-Mansur died. Afterwards, he appeared and claimed that he was the promised al-Qahtani. Eventually, he was killed in a battle with the army of Nasir b. Mansur.<ref>Ibn Khaldūn, ''Diwān al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar'', vol. 6, p. 336.</ref> | * Ibn Faras, who was one of the scholars of the 6th/12th and 7th/13th centuries in [[Andalusia]]. Once, he made an audacious remark in the presence of al-Mansur and hid for a while until al-Mansur died. Afterwards, he appeared and claimed that he was the promised al-Qahtani. Eventually, he was killed in a battle with the army of Nasir b. Mansur.<ref>Ibn Khaldūn, ''Diwān al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar'', vol. 6, p. 336.</ref> | ||
* The contemporary Ahmad | * The contemporary Ahmad Isma'il al-Basri, known as [[Ahmad al-Hasan]], who has recently claimed to be al-Yamani. He claims that his mission is to prepare the ground for the return of the Twelfth Imam (a) and that he will take power after him.<ref>Yusufiyān, ''Barrasī-yi barkhī adilla-yi riwayī Aḥmad Baṣrī yamānī-yi durūghīn'', p. 63.</ref> The book ''Da'wat Ahmad b. al-Hasan bayn al-haqq wa-l-batil'' (The Call of Ahmad b. al-Hasan, between Truth and Falsity) is a criticism of the claims and beliefs of Ahmad b. al-Hasan.<ref>Yusufiyān, ''Barrasī-yi barkhī adilla-yi riwayī Aḥmad Baṣrī yamānī-yi durūghīn'', p. 63.</ref> | ||
Yazid b. Mulhib<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''al-Maḥṣūl'', vol. 4, p. 347-348.</ref> and Abd al-Rahman b. Mansur (fl. during the reign of Hisham b. al-Hakam al-Mu'ayyad bi-Allah)<ref>Ibn Khaldūn, ''Diwān al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar'', vol. 6, p. 336.</ref> are counted among al-Yamani claimants. | Yazid b. Mulhib<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''al-Maḥṣūl'', vol. 4, p. 347-348.</ref> and Abd al-Rahman b. Mansur (fl. during the reign of Hisham b. al-Hakam al-Mu'ayyad bi-Allah)<ref>Ibn Khaldūn, ''Diwān al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar'', vol. 6, p. 336.</ref> are counted among al-Yamani claimants. | ||
==Works on al-Yamani== | ==Works on al-Yamani== | ||
The Arabic book ''al-Yamani rayat al-huda'' (al-Yamani the Flag of Guidance) is written by the Iraqi | The Arabic book ''al-Yamani rayat al-huda'' (al-Yamani the Flag of Guidance) is written by the Iraqi Shia scholar Muhammad Ali al-Hulw (born in 1376/1956) on al-Yamani's uprising. The author considers the Uprising of al-Yamani to be one of the definite signs of the return of the Twelfth Imam (a).<ref>Ḥulw, ''al-Yamānī rāyat hudā'', p. 38.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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* Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad. ''Diwān al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar fī tārīkh al-ʿarab wa l-barbar wa man ʿaṣarahum min dhawi l-shaʾn al-akbar''. Edited by Khalil Shahata. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1408 AH. | * Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad. ''Diwān al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar fī tārīkh al-ʿarab wa l-barbar wa man ʿaṣarahum min dhawi l-shaʾn al-akbar''. Edited by Khalil Shahata. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1408 AH. | ||
* Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1414 AH. | * Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1414 AH. | ||
* Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. '' | * Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. ''Falāḥ al-sāʾil wa najāḥ al-masāʾil''. Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb, 1406 AH. | ||
* Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ. ''Tārīkh-i Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ''. Edited by Muṣṭafā Najīb Fawwāz and Ḥikmat Kashlī Fawwāz. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH. | * Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ. ''Tārīkh-i Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ''. Edited by Muṣṭafā Najīb Fawwāz and Ḥikmat Kashlī Fawwāz. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH. | ||
* Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH. | * Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH. | ||
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* [https://www.noorlib.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/22491 Ibn Ḥammad, Naʿīm b. Ḥammād. ''Al-Fitan''. Edited by Majdi b. Mansur. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, [n.d].] | * [https://www.noorlib.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/22491 Ibn Ḥammad, Naʿīm b. Ḥammād. ''Al-Fitan''. Edited by Majdi b. Mansur. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, [n.d].] | ||
* [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/1002896/بررسی-برخی-ادله-روایی-احمد-بصری-یمانی-دروغین Yusufiyan, Mahdi and Shahbaziyan, Muhammad. ''Barrasī-yi barkhī adilla-yi riwayī Aḥmad Baṣrī yamānī-yi durūghīn'']. Published in Mashriq-i Maw'ud journal, no. 27, 1392 Sh. | * [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/1002896/بررسی-برخی-ادله-روایی-احمد-بصری-یمانی-دروغین Yusufiyan, Mahdi and Shahbaziyan, Muhammad. ''Barrasī-yi barkhī adilla-yi riwayī Aḥmad Baṣrī yamānī-yi durūghīn'']. Published in Mashriq-i Maw'ud journal, no. 27, 1392 Sh. | ||
* [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/1077103/بررسی-تطبیقی-روایات-یمانی-از-منظر-فریقین | * [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/1077103/بررسی-تطبیقی-روایات-یمانی-از-منظر-فریقین Mahdawī Rād, Muḥammad ʿAlī, et al. ''Barrasī-yi taṭbīqī-yi riwāyat-i Yamānī az manzar-i farīqayn'']. Published in Hadith Pazhuhi journal, 1393 Sh. | ||
* [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/259232/قرآن-و-حدیث-یمانی-درفش-هدایت Āyatī, Nuṣrat Allāh. ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat''. Published in Mashriq-i Maw'ud, no. 1, 1385 Sh.] | * [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/259232/قرآن-و-حدیث-یمانی-درفش-هدایت Āyatī, Nuṣrat Allāh. ''Yamānī dirafsh-i hidayat''. Published in Mashriq-i Maw'ud, no. 1, 1385 Sh.] | ||
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