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People of the Sabbath: Difference between revisions
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== Naming == | == Naming == | ||
The word " | The word "Sabbath" means "to abandon work<ref>Qurashī Bunābī, ''Qāmūs-i Qurʾān'', vol. 3, p. 207.</ref> and resting".<ref>Qurashī Bunābī, ''Qāmūs-i Qurʾān'', vol. 3, p. 207.</ref> To Hebrews, this word also meant "Saturday".<ref>Rūḥī, ''Asḥāb-i sibt dar aʿlām-i Qurʾān'', p. 232.</ref> Sabbath is among religious days of [[Jews]] and is very sacred to them. In the [[Old Testament]] and [[Talmud]], engaging in non-religious activities such as business, fishing and hunting birds are forbidden on this day. | ||
According to some narrations, God, through [[Prophet Moses (a)]], asked Jews to celebrate Friday and | According to some narrations, God, through [[Prophet Moses (a)]], asked Jews to celebrate Friday and not engage in any non-religious activities on Fridays, but Jews preferred Saturday. God forbade hunting for them on Saturdays. A group of Banu Israel began fishing on Saturdays and were transformed into monkeys as a divine punishment.<ref>''Qur'an 2:65''.</ref> The Qur'an refers to these people as "the People of Sabbath". | ||
== Story == | == Story == | ||
According to hadiths interpreting the [[verses]] of the Qur'an, some people lived by the sea | According to hadiths interpreting the [[verses]] of the Qur'an, some people lived by the sea and received God's order to avoid fishing and eating fish on Saturdays.<ref>Majlisī, ''Ḥayāt al-qulūb'', vol. 2, p. 948.</ref> They followed the order of God for a while. By the will of God, fish came up on the water on Saturdays and tempted fishers, but on other days, fish went down to the depth and became difficult to catch. Some of those people devised a strategy and dug pits on the sea's shore so that fish could enter them by the waves on Saturdays and fishers could catch them on Sundays.<ref>Majlisī, ''Ḥayāt al-qulūb'', vol. 2, p. 948.</ref> According to some other reports, they went fishing on Saturdays and ate them on different days. So, they would say, "We are prohibited from eating fish on Saturdays, not fishing." Against them, other people were divided into two groups: a group who remained indifferent to such actions and others who prohibited them from doing this. However, they did not care and continued with those strategies. Those who prohibited them separated and kept away from them because they knew that [[divine punishment]] would afflict them. | ||
==Metamorphosis of the People of Sabbath == | ==Metamorphosis of the People of Sabbath == | ||
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Eventually, the people of Sabbath were afflicted with divine punishment and were transformed, "We said to them, 'Be you spurned apes."<ref>''Qur'an 2:65''.</ref> According to some hadiths, those transformed people perished after three days.<ref>''Tafsīr al-Imām al-Ḥasan al-ʿAskarī (a)'', p. 279.</ref> | Eventually, the people of Sabbath were afflicted with divine punishment and were transformed, "We said to them, 'Be you spurned apes."<ref>''Qur'an 2:65''.</ref> According to some hadiths, those transformed people perished after three days.<ref>''Tafsīr al-Imām al-Ḥasan al-ʿAskarī (a)'', p. 279.</ref> | ||
Some [[exegetes]] referred to some verses regarding the people of Sabbath and said that only those who prohibited them from [[evil]] survived the punishment | Some [[exegetes]] referred to some verses regarding the people of Sabbath and said that only those who prohibited them from [[evil]] survived the punishment. Still, the other two groups (wrongdoers and silent ones) were afflicted with divine punishment.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 8, p. 268-269.</ref> | ||
== Allegory or Actual Transformation == | == Allegory or Actual Transformation == | ||
{{main| Allegory}} | {{main| Allegory}} | ||
It is narrated | It is narrated by a few exegetes such as Mujahid and Muhammad 'Abduh that the transformation of the people of Sabbath was an [[allegory]], and only their hearts were transformed.<ref>Mughnīya, ''Tafsīr al-Kāshif'', vol. 1, p. 121.</ref> They rejected those people's apparent and physical transformation. This belief has been criticized by many exegetes: [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|al-Tabrisi]] considered this view against the verses' appearance and most exegetes' opinion. | ||
== Time and Place == | == Time and Place == | ||
According to verses of the Qur'an, people of Sabbath lived by the sea.<ref>''Qur'an 7:163''.</ref> Some sources considered Ayla as their place. In a [[hadith]] from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], Ayla is mentioned as the city of the people of Sabbath.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 266.</ref> According to [['Allama Tabataba'i]], Madyan and Tabariyya have also been mentioned as the | According to verses of the Qur'an, the people of the Sabbath lived by the sea.<ref>''Qur'an 7:163''.</ref> Some sources considered Ayla as their place. In a [[hadith]] from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], Ayla is mentioned as the city of the people of Sabbath.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 266.</ref> According to [['Allama Tabataba'i]], Madyan and Tabariyya have also been mentioned as the places where the people of Sabbath lived.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 8, p. 303.</ref> | ||
Most hadiths have mentioned that the people of Sabbath lived at the time of [[Prophet David (a)]].<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 12, p. 412.</ref> | Most hadiths have mentioned that the people of Sabbath lived at the time of [[Prophet David (a)]].<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 12, p. 412.</ref> | ||
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