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'''Jacob''' or '''Yaʿqūb''' (Arabic: {{ia|یَعْقوب}}) or '''Israel''' was the son of the prophet [[Isaac (a)]] and a grandson of the prophet [[Abraham (a)]]. He is one of the [[prophets]] mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]. Shiite exegetes of the Qur'an take "Israel" to mean the servant of God, but according to the [[Torah]], Jacob (a) was called so because he struggled with an angel and won. | '''Jacob''' or '''Yaʿqūb''' (Arabic: {{ia|یَعْقوب}}) or '''Israel''' was the son of the prophet [[Isaac (a)]] and a grandson of the prophet [[Abraham (a)]]. He is one of the [[prophets]] mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]. Shiite exegetes of the Qur'an take "Israel" to mean the servant of God, but according to the [[Torah]], Jacob (a) was called so because he struggled with an angel and won. | ||
In some Islamic sources, it is appealed to the story of [[Joseph]]'s (a) brothers asking Jacob (a) to intercede and ask God for their forgiveness | In some Islamic sources, it is appealed to the story of [[Joseph]]'s (a) brothers asking Jacob (a) to intercede and ask God for their forgiveness to show the permissibility of [[tawassul]] to someone other than God. Some people have appealed to Jacob's (a) marrying two sisters at the same time to show the permissibility of such marriage before Islam. Jacob (a) died in [[Egypt]] at the age of 147, and according to his own will, his corpse was moved from Egypt and buried in the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron in [[Palestine]]. | ||
==Character and Family== | ==Character and Family== | ||
Jacob (a) was the son of [[Isaac (a)]] and a grandson of [[Abraham (a)]].<ref>Shūqī, ''Aṭlas-i Qurʾān'', p. 68.</ref> He was a prophet. He went to Paddan Aram to his maternal uncle, Laban, served as a shepherd for a while and married two of his uncle's daughters.<ref>Muṣṭafawī, ''al-Taḥqīq'', vol. 14, p. 252.</ref> According to Qur'anic verses, | Jacob (a) was the son of [[Isaac (a)]] and a grandson of [[Abraham (a)]].<ref>Shūqī, ''Aṭlas-i Qurʾān'', p. 68.</ref> He was a prophet. He went to Paddan Aram to his maternal uncle, Laban, served as a shepherd for a while, and married two of his uncle's daughters.<ref>Muṣṭafawī, ''al-Taḥqīq'', vol. 14, p. 252.</ref> According to Qur'anic verses, it was permissible to marry two sisters simultaneously before Islam.<ref>Qurʾān, 4:23.</ref> But according to some [[hadith]]s, Jacob (a) married the second sister after the death of the first one. He had 12 sons from his wives. [[Joseph (a)]] and [[Benjamin]] were born from Rachel.<ref>Jazāʾirī, ''Dāstān-i payāmbarān'', p. 304.</ref> According to the Qur'an, Jacob (a) went blind after the disappearance of his son, Joseph (a), because he cried for many years: "And he turned away from them and said, "Oh, my sorrow over Joseph," and his eyes became white from grief, for he was [of that] a suppressor."<ref>Qurʾān, 12:84.</ref> | ||
==Annunciation of Jacob's (a) Birth== | ==Annunciation of Jacob's (a) Birth== | ||
According to the Qur'an, the birth of Isaac and Jacob (a) was annunciated to Abraham (a): "And We gave to Abraham (a), Isaac (a) and Jacob (a) - all [of them] We guided" | According to the Qur'an, the birth of Isaac and Jacob (a) was annunciated to Abraham (a): "And We gave to Abraham (a), Isaac (a) and Jacob (a) - all [of them] We guided." <ref>Qurʾān, 6:84.</ref> The Qur'an mentions "Ya'qub (a)" (Jacob) sixteen times in ten [[sura]]s. And "Isra'il" (Israel) is mentioned twice in [[Qur'an 3]] and [[Qur'an 19]].<ref>Shūqī, ''Aṭlas-i Qurʾān'', p. 68.</ref> In his ''[[Majma' al-bayan]]'', [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|al-Tabrisi]] takes "Isra'il" to be the same person as "Ya'qub (a)," adding that "Isra" means a servant, and "'Il" means God, and so the term means the servant of [[God]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 206.</ref> | ||
The Qur'an also mentions the story of Jacob's (a) children and his [[intercession]] for them to ask for God's [[forgiveness]]: "And if, when they wronged themselves, they had come to you, [O Muhammad], and asked forgiveness of Allah and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah Accepting of [[repentance]] and Merciful" | The Qur'an also mentions the story of Jacob's (a) children and his [[intercession]] for them to ask for God's [[forgiveness]]: "And if, when they wronged themselves, they had come to you, [O Muhammad], and asked forgiveness of Allah and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah Accepting of [[repentance]] and Merciful." <ref>Qur'an, 4: 64.</ref> | ||
==Jacob's Complaint to God== | ==Jacob's Complaint to God== | ||
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==Israel of the Torah== | ==Israel of the Torah== | ||
The [[Torah]] reports different stories about Jacob (a). According to one such story, Jacob (a) was known as "Israel" because after struggling with a divine angel he was told: "What is your name?" He said, "Jacob (a). And He said, "Your name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel; for you have struggled with God and | The [[Torah]] reports different stories about Jacob (a). According to one such story, Jacob (a) was known as "Israel" because after struggling with a divine angel, he was told: "What is your name?" He said, "Jacob (a). And He said, "Your name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel; for you have struggled with God and men, and have prevailed."<ref>Genesis, 32: 27-29.</ref> | ||
==Death and the Burial Place== | ==Death and the Burial Place== | ||
After finding his son Joseph (a), Jacob (a) immigrated to Egypt where he lived for a while.<ref>Shūqī, ''Aṭlas-i Qurʾān'', p. 69.</ref> Before his death, he gathered his children and recommended them to persist on the religion of their ancestor, [[Abraham (a)]], and asked them to bear witness to the [[Abrahamic religion]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 1, p. 462.</ref> | After finding his son Joseph (a), Jacob (a) immigrated to Egypt, where he lived for a while.<ref>Shūqī, ''Aṭlas-i Qurʾān'', p. 69.</ref> Before his death, he gathered his children and recommended them to persist on the religion of their ancestor, [[Abraham (a)]], and asked them to bear witness to the [[Abrahamic religion]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 1, p. 462.</ref> | ||
He died at the age of 147, and per his will, his corpse was moved to [[Palestine]] and was buried in the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron.<ref>Shūqī, ''Aṭlas-i Qurʾān'', p. 69.</ref> | He died at the age of 147, and per his will, his corpse was moved to [[Palestine]] and was buried in the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron.<ref>Shūqī, ''Aṭlas-i Qurʾān'', p. 69.</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Jawāhir al-sanīyya fī l-aḥādīth al-qudsīyya''. Third edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Dihqān, 1380 Sh. | * Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Jawāhir al-sanīyya fī l-aḥādīth al-qudsīyya''. Third edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Dihqān, 1380 Sh. | ||
*Jazāʾirī, Niʿmat Allāh al-. ''Dāstān-i payāmbarān''. Tehrān: Intishārāt-i Hād, 1380 Sh. | * Jazāʾirī, Niʿmat Allāh al-. ''Dāstān-i payāmbarān''. Tehrān: Intishārāt-i Hād, 1380 Sh. | ||
*Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. ''Tafsīr-i nimūna''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1374 Sh. | * Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. ''Tafsīr-i nimūna''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1374 Sh. | ||
*Muṣṭafawī, Ḥasan. ''Al-Taḥqīq fī kalimāt al-Qurʾān''. Tehran: Wizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī, 1368 Sh. | * Muṣṭafawī, Ḥasan. ''Al-Taḥqīq fī kalimāt al-Qurʾān''. Tehran: Wizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī, 1368 Sh. | ||
*Shūqī, Abū l-Khalīl al-. ''Aṭlas-i Qurʾān''. Translated to Farsi by Muḥammad Kirmānī. Fourth edition. Mashhad: Intishārāt-i Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1389 Sh. | * Shūqī, Abū l-Khalīl al-. ''Aṭlas-i Qurʾān''. Translated to Farsi by Muḥammad Kirmānī. Fourth edition. Mashhad: Intishārāt-i Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1389 Sh. | ||
*Ṭabrisī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Mishkāt al-anwār''. Translated to Farsi by Hūshmandī & Muḥammadī. Qom: Dār al-Thaqalayn, 1379 Sh. | * Ṭabrisī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Mishkāt al-anwār''. Translated to Farsi by Hūshmandī & Muḥammadī. Qom: Dār al-Thaqalayn, 1379 Sh. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||