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Hadith al-Manzila: Difference between revisions
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'''Hadith of Manzila''' is among famous hadith narrated from the Prophet (s) which has been approved by both | '''Hadith of Manzila''' is among famous hadith narrated from the Prophet (s) which has been approved by both Shi'a and Sunni scholars. This hadith introduces the position of Imam Ali (a), with regards to the Prophet (s) and his primacy over other companions. It is a frequently narrated hadith (mutawatir) in the view of Shi'a scholars and among the proofs for Imam Ali's (a) right for the caliphate after the noble Prophet (s). | ||
This hadith has been narrated from the Prophet (s) in different occasions, most important of which has been in the battle of Tabuk. One of the most famous versions of its narration is that the noble Prophet (s) addressed Imam Ali (a) and said, "To me, you are like Aaron to Moses, except for there is no prophet after me." | This hadith has been narrated from the Prophet (s) in different occasions, most important of which has been in the battle of Tabuk. One of the most famous versions of its narration is that the noble Prophet (s) addressed Imam Ali (a) and said, "To me, you are like Aaron to Moses, except for there is no prophet after me." | ||
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Different narrations of the hadith of Manzila are common in the message which is Imam Ali's (a) position with regards to the Prophet (s) the same as Aaron's position with regards to Moses. The few differences in the expressions of different narrations are due to narrations in different occasions and narrations based on the message. | Different narrations of the hadith of Manzila are common in the message which is Imam Ali's (a) position with regards to the Prophet (s) the same as Aaron's position with regards to Moses. The few differences in the expressions of different narrations are due to narrations in different occasions and narrations based on the message. | ||
== Sources of the Hadith among | == Sources of the Hadith among Shi'a and Sunnites == | ||
This hadith has been mentioned in different historical, traditional and theological sources. Even, some | This hadith has been mentioned in different historical, traditional and theological sources. Even, some Shi'a scholars have written independent books on them, including Mir Hamid Husayn (d. 1306 AH) who dedicated one volume of ‘Abaqat al-anwar to this hadith. Hakim Haskani narrated from his teacher, Abu Hazim Hafiz ‘Abdaway that he recorded narration of the hadith of Manzila from 5000 references. In another report, 88 ones among most famous narrators of hadith have narrated this hadith. People such as Ibn Taymiyya, Abd al-Haqq Dihlawi, Ganji Shafi'i, Abu l-Qasim Ali b. Muhassin Tanukhi and Suyuti acknowledged authenticity and popularity of this hadith. This hadith has also been mentioned in Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim and other Sunni hadith references. | ||
== Authenticity of this Hadith in the Views of Sunnis == | == Authenticity of this Hadith in the Views of Sunnis == | ||
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In addition to proving a great merit for Imam Ali (a), this hadith also proves his right for caliphate and infallibility, since the Prophet (s) has proved that Imam Ali (a) had all the virtues of Aaron except for being a prophet. According to Quranic verses, prophet Moses asked God to choose Aaron as his deputy and helps him in his mission. God accepted Moses' request and Aaron became Moses' vicegerent in his absence. Therefore, Aaron had all the positions of Moses as well and if Aaron remained alive after moses, he would become his successor (according to Jews, Aaron passed away forty years before Moses.) | In addition to proving a great merit for Imam Ali (a), this hadith also proves his right for caliphate and infallibility, since the Prophet (s) has proved that Imam Ali (a) had all the virtues of Aaron except for being a prophet. According to Quranic verses, prophet Moses asked God to choose Aaron as his deputy and helps him in his mission. God accepted Moses' request and Aaron became Moses' vicegerent in his absence. Therefore, Aaron had all the positions of Moses as well and if Aaron remained alive after moses, he would become his successor (according to Jews, Aaron passed away forty years before Moses.) | ||
Aaron had a great position before Moses and thus Imam Ali's (a) position and rightfulness for caliphate after the Prophet (s) can be understood. Based on the story of Asron an dMoses in the Qur'an, Aaron was Moses' deputy in his mission, thus Ali (a) was also the Prophet's (s) deputy in his leadership and guardianship, except in his prophethood. Aaron was the second man after Moses among Bani Israel, thus Ali (a) was the same in the Prophet's (s) umma. Aaron was Moses' brother, so was Ali (a) the Prophet's (s) brother based on the frequently narrated hadith of Mu'akhat which has been mentioned in both | Aaron had a great position before Moses and thus Imam Ali's (a) position and rightfulness for caliphate after the Prophet (s) can be understood. Based on the story of Asron an dMoses in the Qur'an, Aaron was Moses' deputy in his mission, thus Ali (a) was also the Prophet's (s) deputy in his leadership and guardianship, except in his prophethood. Aaron was the second man after Moses among Bani Israel, thus Ali (a) was the same in the Prophet's (s) umma. Aaron was Moses' brother, so was Ali (a) the Prophet's (s) brother based on the frequently narrated hadith of Mu'akhat which has been mentioned in both Shi'a and Sunni references. Aaron was the best of Moses' people before God and Ali (a) was so. | ||
Aaron was Moses' exclusive deputy in his absence and so was Ali (a), especially due to the Prophet's (s) word that, ""It would not be appropriate that I go to the battle of Tabuk, except you would be my vicegerent here". Aaron was the most knowledgeable person among the people of Moses, and so was Ali (a) as stressed by the Prophet (s). Obeying Aaron was incumbent both upon Joshua b. Nun (Moses' deputy) and Moses' people; so was obeying Ali (a) even with the assumption of the deputyship of Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman or anyone else. | Aaron was Moses' exclusive deputy in his absence and so was Ali (a), especially due to the Prophet's (s) word that, ""It would not be appropriate that I go to the battle of Tabuk, except you would be my vicegerent here". Aaron was the most knowledgeable person among the people of Moses, and so was Ali (a) as stressed by the Prophet (s). Obeying Aaron was incumbent both upon Joshua b. Nun (Moses' deputy) and Moses' people; so was obeying Ali (a) even with the assumption of the deputyship of Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman or anyone else. | ||
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Some Sunni scholars have questioned the source of this hadith and have considered it among the sole sources. | Some Sunni scholars have questioned the source of this hadith and have considered it among the sole sources. | ||
Shi'a scholars have answered that, "Indeed this hadith is authentic and frequently narrated and according to hadith scholars this hadith is among "most authentic prophet's traditions and most established sources" and even Dhahabi, a great Sunni scholar, has approved this hadith in his Talkhis al-mustadrak. If this hadith were not authentic, it would not be mentioned in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Moreover, Mu'awiya who was a fierce enemy of Imam Ali (a) who had ordered others to insult and curse Imam Ali (a) and to invent hadith against him, not only accepted this hadith but also narrated it. | |||
=== Second Question === | === Second Question === | ||