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Hadith al-Manzila: Difference between revisions
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This hadith has been narrated from the Prophet (s) in different times and places and with different wordings, such as on the day of the first pact of brotherhood (before immigration to Medina), the day of the second pact of brotherhood (5 months after immigration to Medina), in the house of [[Umm Salama]], at the time of appointing a guardian for Hamza's daughter, in the event of closing doors of companions' houses to Masjid al-Nabi and most famously in the battle of Tabuk. | This hadith has been narrated from the Prophet (s) in different times and places and with different wordings, such as on the day of the first pact of brotherhood (before immigration to Medina), the day of the second pact of brotherhood (5 months after immigration to Medina), in the house of [[Umm Salama]], at the time of appointing a guardian for Hamza's daughter, in the event of closing doors of companions' houses to Masjid al-Nabi and most famously in the battle of Tabuk. | ||
Different narrations of the hadith of Manzila are common in the message which is Imam Ali's (a) position with regards to the Prophet (s) the same as Aaron's position with regards to Moses. The few differences in the expressions of different narrations are due to narrations in different occasions and narrations based on the message. | Different narrations of the hadith of Manzila are common in the message which is Imam 'Ali's (a) position with regards to the Prophet (s) the same as Aaron's position with regards to Moses. The few differences in the expressions of different narrations are due to narrations in different occasions and narrations based on the message. | ||
== Sources of the Hadith among Shi'a and Sunnites == | == Sources of the Hadith among Shi'a and Sunnites == | ||
This hadith has been mentioned in different historical, traditional and theological sources. Even, some Shi'a scholars have written independent books on them, including Mir Hamid Husayn (d. 1306 AH) who dedicated one volume of | This hadith has been mentioned in different historical, traditional and theological sources. Even, some Shi'a scholars have written independent books on them, including Mir Hamid Husayn (d. 1306 AH) who dedicated one volume of 'Abaqat al-anwar to this hadith. Hakim Haskani narrated from his teacher, Abu Hazim Hafiz 'Abdaway that he recorded narration of the hadith of Manzila from 5000 references. In another report, 88 ones among most famous narrators of hadith have narrated this hadith. People such as Ibn Taymiyya, 'Abd al-Haqq Dihlawi, Ganji Shafi'i, Abu l-Qasim Ali b. Muhassin Tanukhi and Suyuti acknowledged authenticity and popularity of this hadith. This hadith has also been mentioned in Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim and other Sunni hadith references. | ||
== Authenticity of this Hadith in the Views of Sunnis == | == Authenticity of this Hadith in the Views of Sunnis == | ||
Ibn Abi l-Hadid reagrds this hadith agreed upon by all Islamic sects; and Ibn Abd al-Birr knows it among most correct and authentic hadiths. In some sources, different ways of narrating this hadith has been mentioned. Hakim Neyshaburi has considered the way of narrating the hadith correct and in Talkhis al-Mustadrak, Hafiz Dhahabi has stressed its authenticity. Even enemies of Imam Ali (a) have not been able to reject this hadith and have had to accept it and sometimes have unintentionally narrated it. According to Khatib Baghdadi, Walid b. Abd al-Malik admitted the original text of this hadith, however he changed the name Aaron to Qarun. It is said that when debating with jurisprudents, also Ma'mun | Ibn Abi l-Hadid reagrds this hadith agreed upon by all Islamic sects; and Ibn 'Abd al-Birr knows it among most correct and authentic hadiths. In some sources, different ways of narrating this hadith has been mentioned. Hakim Neyshaburi has considered the way of narrating the hadith correct and in Talkhis al-Mustadrak, Hafiz Dhahabi has stressed its authenticity. Even enemies of Imam Ali (a) have not been able to reject this hadith and have had to accept it and sometimes have unintentionally narrated it. According to Khatib Baghdadi, Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik admitted the original text of this hadith, however he changed the name Aaron to Qarun. It is said that when debating with jurisprudents, also Ma'mun 'Abbasi referred to this hadith. According to Khatib Baghdadi, Umar referred to this hadith and called the person who insulted Ali (a) as hypocrite. | ||
Mu'awiya did not reject this hadith and when he asked Sa'd b. Waqqas (one of the enemies of Ali (a)), "Why don't you curse Ali (a)?" Sa'd answered, "because of the three merits, the Prophet (s) mentioned for Ali (a)" then, he narrated the hadith of Manzila and since then Mu'awiya stopped forcing Sa'd to curse Ali (a). | Mu'awiya did not reject this hadith and when he asked Sa'd b. Waqqas (one of the enemies of Ali (a)), "Why don't you curse Ali (a)?" Sa'd answered, "because of the three merits, the Prophet (s) mentioned for Ali (a)" then, he narrated the hadith of Manzila and since then Mu'awiya stopped forcing Sa'd to curse Ali (a). | ||
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Aaron had a great position before Moses and thus Imam Ali's (a) position and rightfulness for caliphate after the Prophet (s) can be understood. Based on the story of Asron an dMoses in the Qur'an, Aaron was Moses' deputy in his mission, thus Ali (a) was also the Prophet's (s) deputy in his leadership and guardianship, except in his prophethood. Aaron was the second man after Moses among Bani Israel, thus Ali (a) was the same in the Prophet's (s) umma. Aaron was Moses' brother, so was Ali (a) the Prophet's (s) brother based on the frequently narrated hadith of Mu'akhat which has been mentioned in both Shi'a and Sunni references. Aaron was the best of Moses' people before God and Ali (a) was so. | Aaron had a great position before Moses and thus Imam Ali's (a) position and rightfulness for caliphate after the Prophet (s) can be understood. Based on the story of Asron an dMoses in the Qur'an, Aaron was Moses' deputy in his mission, thus Ali (a) was also the Prophet's (s) deputy in his leadership and guardianship, except in his prophethood. Aaron was the second man after Moses among Bani Israel, thus Ali (a) was the same in the Prophet's (s) umma. Aaron was Moses' brother, so was Ali (a) the Prophet's (s) brother based on the frequently narrated hadith of Mu'akhat which has been mentioned in both Shi'a and Sunni references. Aaron was the best of Moses' people before God and Ali (a) was so. | ||
Aaron was Moses' exclusive deputy in his absence and so was Ali (a), especially due to the Prophet's (s) word that, ""It would not be appropriate that I go to the battle of Tabuk, except you would be my vicegerent here". Aaron was the most knowledgeable person among the people of Moses, and so was Ali (a) as stressed by the Prophet (s). Obeying Aaron was incumbent both upon Joshua b. Nun (Moses' deputy) and Moses' people; so was obeying Ali (a) even with the assumption of the deputyship of Abu Bakr, | Aaron was Moses' exclusive deputy in his absence and so was Ali (a), especially due to the Prophet's (s) word that, ""It would not be appropriate that I go to the battle of Tabuk, except you would be my vicegerent here". Aaron was the most knowledgeable person among the people of Moses, and so was Ali (a) as stressed by the Prophet (s). Obeying Aaron was incumbent both upon Joshua b. Nun (Moses' deputy) and Moses' people; so was obeying Ali (a) even with the assumption of the deputyship of Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman or anyone else. | ||
Aaron was the most beloved person before God and Moses, so was Ali (a). God supported Moses by his brother Aaron and did the same about the Prophet (s) by Ali (a). Aron was infallible regarding any error or ignorance, and so was Ali (a). | Aaron was the most beloved person before God and Moses, so was Ali (a). God supported Moses by his brother Aaron and did the same about the Prophet (s) by Ali (a). Aron was infallible regarding any error or ignorance, and so was Ali (a). | ||
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# Many Sunni scholars did not limit this hadith to the battle of Tabuk and believe that the Prophet (s) said the same hadith in other occasions too. In approving the deputyship of Imam Ali (a), Ibn Abi al-Hadid referred to the Qur'an and different hadiths and says that all merits and positions of Aaron are proved about Ali (a) and if the Prophet (s) was not the Last of Prophets, Ali (a) would even be his partner in prophethood. The Prophet (s) named Ali's (a) sons the same as Aaron's sons and said, "I named them Shubbar and Shubayr after Aaron's sons." | # Many Sunni scholars did not limit this hadith to the battle of Tabuk and believe that the Prophet (s) said the same hadith in other occasions too. In approving the deputyship of Imam Ali (a), Ibn Abi al-Hadid referred to the Qur'an and different hadiths and says that all merits and positions of Aaron are proved about Ali (a) and if the Prophet (s) was not the Last of Prophets, Ali (a) would even be his partner in prophethood. The Prophet (s) named Ali's (a) sons the same as Aaron's sons and said, "I named them Shubbar and Shubayr after Aaron's sons." | ||
# Companions themselves understood a general sense of the hadith regarding Ali's (a) positions; for example, when Jabir b. Abd Allah Ansari was asked about the meaning of the hadith of Manzila, he (s) answered that in this hadith, the Prophet (s) appointed Ali (a) as his deputy among his umma, in his life and after his demise and made his obedience incumbent upon you. | # Companions themselves understood a general sense of the hadith regarding Ali's (a) positions; for example, when Jabir b. 'Abd Allah Ansari was asked about the meaning of the hadith of Manzila, he (s) answered that in this hadith, the Prophet (s) appointed Ali (a) as his deputy among his umma, in his life and after his demise and made his obedience incumbent upon you. | ||
=== Third Question === | === Third Question === | ||