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 '''Ahmad b. Muhammad Ardabili''' (احمد بن محمد اردبیلی) (d. [[993/1585]]), also known as Muqaddas Ardabili and Muhaqqiq Ardabili, was a [[Shi'a]] [[jurist]] of [[10th /16th]] century. He was contemporaneous with [[Shaykh Baha'i]]. He gained his fame from his [[ascesis]] and pity. Many scholars praised him.
 He was expert in [[intellectual]] and [[narrative sciences]]. He helped [[the seminary of Najaf]] to be more thriving when he was its manager. One of his most important works is [[Zubdat al-bayan fi ayat al-ahkam]]. At the last stages of his life, he renounced teaching intellectual subjects and dedicated himself to teaching narrative subjects.
 He was connected to [[Safavid]] court and he seized this opportunity to spread Shi'a and resolve Shi'as problems. Finally, he passed away in 993/1585 in [[Najaf]] and was buried in [[the holy shrine of Imam Ali (a)]].
 ==Life and Education==
-Ahmad Ardabili was born in [[Ardabil]] in 10th /16th century. He moved to Najaf for continuing his education. He was contemporaneous with Shaykh Baha'i and [[Shah ‘Abbas I]]. He learnt intellectual sciences and [[fiqh]] (jurisprudence) under [[Sayyid Ali Sa'igh]] and other teachers in the seminary of Najaf. Afterward, he emigrated to [[Shiraz]] and studied intellectual sciences under [[Jamal al-Din Mahmud]], the student of [[Jalal al-Din Dawani]]. At the last years of his life in Najaf, he renounced teaching intellectual subjects and taught narrative sciences to the end of his life. He helped the seminary of Najaf to be more thriving when he was its manager. He was titled as “Muhqqiq” (researcher) due to his expertise in researching and his profound knowledge.
+Ahmad Ardabili was born in [[Ardabil]] in 10th /16th century. He moved to Najaf for continuing his education. He was contemporaneous with Shaykh Baha'i and [[Shah 'Abbas I]]. He learnt intellectual sciences and [[fiqh]] (jurisprudence) under [[Sayyid Ali Sa'igh]] and other teachers in the seminary of Najaf. Afterward, he emigrated to [[Shiraz]] and studied intellectual sciences under [[Jamal al-Din Mahmud]], the student of [[Jalal al-Din Dawani]]. At the last years of his life in Najaf, he renounced teaching intellectual subjects and taught narrative sciences to the end of his life. He helped the seminary of Najaf to be more thriving when he was its manager. He was titled as "Muhqqiq" (researcher) due to his expertise in researching and his profound knowledge.
 Ardabili was the first jurist after [[Shaykh Tusi]] period who expand relying on [[Khabar Wahid]] by pay attention to reliable hadiths form non-[[Imami]] narrators.
 ==Moral Characteristics==
-He was so pious and ascetic that he was known as “Muqaddas” (saint). Some acts of wonder have been reported from him. He was so humble among his students. His students have narrated stories about his humbleness and help to the needy.
+He was so pious and ascetic that he was known as "Muqaddas" (saint). Some acts of wonder have been reported from him. He was so humble among his students. His students have narrated stories about his humbleness and help to the needy.
 ==Connection with Safavid Court==
-He had connections with Safavid court and he seized this opportunity to spread Shi'a and resolve Shi'as problems. Although, he refused to emigrate to [[Iran]] after [[Shah ‘Abbas Safavi]] asked him to leave Najaf, he always wrote letters to the court and reminded them to resolve problems of Shi'as.
+He had connections with Safavid court and he seized this opportunity to spread Shi'a and resolve Shi'as problems. Although, he refused to emigrate to [[Iran]] after [[Shah 'Abbas Safavi]] asked him to leave Najaf, he always wrote letters to the court and reminded them to resolve problems of Shi'as.
 ==Words of Other Scholars about Him==
-Scholars and jurists have praised and admired him greatly. Scholars such as: [[Shaykh Hurr ‘Amili]], [[‘Allama Majlisi]], [[Shaykh ‘Abbas Qumi]] and [[Sayyid Mustafa Tafrishi]] have praised him with various titles and expressions. [[Sahib Jawahir]], [[Sahib Mustand al-Shi'a]] and [[Muhaddith Bahrani]] in his book [[“al-Hada'iq al-nadira”]] have referred to him by his greatness.
+Scholars and jurists have praised and admired him greatly. Scholars such as: [[Shaykh Hurr 'Amili]], [['Allama Majlisi]], [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi]] and [[Sayyid Mustafa Tafrishi]] have praised him with various titles and expressions. [[Sahib Jawahir]], [[Sahib Mustand al-Shi'a]] and [[Muhaddith Bahrani]] in his book [["al-Hada'iq al-nadira"]] have referred to him by his greatness.
 ==Students==
 Some of his students are:
--	[[Mirza Muhammad Astar Abadi]].
+# [[Mirza Muhammad Astar Abadi]].
--	[[Sayyid Muhammad ‘Amili]] (d. [[1009/1600]]); the author of [[Madarik al-ahkam wa nihayat al-maram]].
+# [[Sayyid Muhammad 'Amili]] (d. [[1009/1600]]); the author of [[Madarik al-ahkam wa nihayat al-maram]].
--	[[Shaykh Hasan ‘Amili]] (d. [[1011/1602]]); the son of [[Shahid Thani]] and the author of [[Ma'alim al-din]].
+# [[Shaykh Hasan 'Amili]] (d. [[1011/1602]]); the son of [[Shahid Thani]] and the author of [[Ma'alim al-din]].
--	[[Mir Fiyd Allah Tafrishi]].
+# [[Mir Fiyd Allah Tafrishi]].
--	[[Mulla ‘Abd Allah Shushtari]].
+# [[Mulla 'Abd Allah Shushtari]].
--	[[‘Inayat Allah Kuhpayi'i]].
+# [['Inayat Allah Kuhpayi'i]].
 ==Works==
 Ardabili has authored scholarly works in [[fiqh]], [[usul]], theology and [[Ahl al-Bayt]]'s life. Some of which are:
 •	[[Zubdat al-bayan fi barahin ahkam al-Qur'an]]; which is about [[Ayat al-Ahkam]].
-•	[[Majma' al-fa'idat wa al-burhan fi sharh al-Adhhan]]; one of the most famous encyclopedias in [[deductive jurisprudence]]. This book is consider as a commentary on [[Irshad al-adhhan]] written by [[‘Allama Hilli]].
+•	[[Majma' al-fa'idat wa al-burhan fi sharh al-Adhhan]]; one of the most famous encyclopedias in [[deductive jurisprudence]]. This book is consider as a commentary on [[Irshad al-adhhan]] written by [['Allama Hilli]].
 •	Glosses on [[Sharh Tajrid Qushchi]]; He discussed the [[Imama]] issues and disproved some demonstrations given by [[Fakhr Razi]] against Shi'a beliefs about Imama.
 •	[[Istinas al-ma'nawiyyah]].
 •	[[Bahr al-manaqib]].
-•	Glosses on [[Qawa'id al-ahkam]] written by [[‘Allama Hilli]].
+•	Glosses on [[Qawa'id al-ahkam]] written by [['Allama Hilli]].
-•	Glosses on [[Tadhkira]] written by ‘Allama Hilli.
+•	Glosses on [[Tadhkira]] written by 'Allama Hilli.
-•	Glosses on [[Sharh Mukhtasar ‘Adudi]].
+•	Glosses on [[Sharh Mukhtasar 'Adudi]].
 •	A Persian treatise on Imama.
 •	Risalat fi kawn af'al Allah mu'alallat bi al-aghrad.