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Aws and Khazraj: Difference between revisions
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'''Aws''' (Arabic: {{ | {{infobox family | ||
| image = | |||
| caption = | |||
| era = Before and after [[Islam]] | |||
| lineage = Haritha b. Tha'laba b. 'Amr b. 'Amir | |||
| head = | |||
| naming = Aws and Khazraj were two sons of Haritha b. Tha'laba | |||
| origin = [[Yemen]] | |||
| residence = [[Yathrib]] | |||
| from = | |||
| until = | |||
| rulers = | |||
| marja's = | |||
| figures = [[Hanzala b. Abi 'Amir]], [[Sa'd b. Mu'adh]], [['Asim b. Thabit]] from Aws and [[Sa'd b. 'Ubada]], [[Zayd b. Thabit]], [[Mu'adh b. Jabal]] and [[Ubayy b. Ka'b]] from Khazraj. | |||
| scholars = | |||
| literates =[[Hassan b. Thabit]] | |||
| features = These two tribes played a significant role in the history of Islam. | |||
| website = | |||
}} | |||
'''Aws''' (Arabic: {{ia|اوس}}) and '''Khazraj''' (Arabic: {{ia|خزرج}}), are the two important Arab tribes from [[Yemen]], who migrated to [[Medina]] long before [[Islam]]. After [[emigration]] of the [[Prophet (s)]] to Medina they became named as [[Ansar]] (the helpers). The role of these two tribes is significant in the history of [[Islam]], especially in hijra and in battles. | |||
Some historians believe that some of Qur'an [[verse|verses]] are revealed about Ansar. | Some historians believe that some of Qur'an [[verse|verses]] are revealed about Ansar. | ||
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Bloodline of Aws and Khazraj reaches the great tribe of Azd in [[Yemen]]. Most of genealogists and historians of the first centuries of Islam have mentioned the lineage of the two tribes through Banu Mazin b. Azd. | Bloodline of Aws and Khazraj reaches the great tribe of Azd in [[Yemen]]. Most of genealogists and historians of the first centuries of Islam have mentioned the lineage of the two tribes through Banu Mazin b. Azd. | ||
The great ancestor of the two tribes, 'Amr b. 'Amir is known as Muzayqiyya, and Aws and Khazraj were the two sons of Haritha b. Tha'laba b. 'Amr b. 'Amir. Their bloodline reaches to the tribe Banu Quda'a through their mother, named Qayla bt. Kahil; so Aws and Khazraj also had named themselves as Banu Qayla. | The great ancestor of the two tribes, 'Amr b. 'Amir is known as Muzayqiyya, and Aws and Khazraj were the two sons of Haritha b. Tha'laba b. 'Amr b. 'Amir. Their bloodline reaches to the tribe Banu Quda'a through their mother, named Qayla bt. Kahil; so Aws and Khazraj also had named themselves as "Banu Qayla". | ||
Aws is short for "Aws Manat" which shows their connection to one of the famous idols of [[ | Aws is short for "Aws Manat" which shows their connection to one of the famous idols of the [[age of ignorance]]. Khazraj means strong or southern wind.<ref>Ibn Manzur, under the word "Khazraj"</ref> | ||
==Residence in Yathrib== | ==Residence in Yathrib== | ||
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Maybe, after the formation of these states, migration of Azdite tribes, including Aws and Khazraj-or their ancestors- to different parts of the Arabian Peninsula gained speed. According to some authors, maybe the movement of Aws and Khazraj happened later than other Azdite tribes, and probably in late 4th century CE. They chose [[Yathrib]], which was suitable for agriculture. | Maybe, after the formation of these states, migration of Azdite tribes, including Aws and Khazraj-or their ancestors- to different parts of the Arabian Peninsula gained speed. According to some authors, maybe the movement of Aws and Khazraj happened later than other Azdite tribes, and probably in late 4th century CE. They chose [[Yathrib]], which was suitable for agriculture. | ||
When this group of Azdites reached Yathrib, a group of | When this group of Azdites reached Yathrib, a group of [[Jew]]s was living there, and political and economic control of the place was in their hands. | ||
==Relation with Jews== | ==Relation with Jews== | ||
The Jews and the migrants began with cooperation, however, the more the immigrants, the less the dominance of the Jews. It's likely that the procedure of separation of the two tribes began by the formation of different clans and branches. | The Jews and the migrants began with cooperation, however, the more the immigrants, the less the dominance of the Jews. It's likely that the procedure of separation of the two tribes began by the formation of different clans and branches. | ||
Some signs show that Aws and Khazraj were feeling themselves closer to Ghassanids who were descendants of Azd. As some authors guessed, the representative of Sasanid empire ruled Yathrib, but after the entrance of Aws and Khazraj to Yathrib, the situation changed in favor of Ghassanids. According to a narration, Jews were paying tribute to the representative of Sasanid empire, and in return, they supported the rule the Jews over Yathrib. Aws and Khazraj got tired of the oppression of the Jew governor and sought help from Ghassanids. So Malik b. 'Ajlan came to help them, and the superiority of Aws and Khazraj in Yathrib began. | Some signs show that Aws and Khazraj were feeling themselves closer to Ghassanids who were descendants of Azd. As some authors guessed, the representative of [[Sasanid empire]] ruled Yathrib, but after the entrance of Aws and Khazraj to Yathrib, the situation changed in favor of Ghassanids. According to a narration, Jews were paying tribute to the representative of Sasanid empire, and in return, they supported the rule the Jews over Yathrib. Aws and Khazraj got tired of the oppression of the Jew governor and sought help from Ghassanids. So Malik b. 'Ajlan came to help them, and the superiority of Aws and Khazraj in Yathrib began. | ||
==Internal Relations== | ==Internal Relations== | ||
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Aws and Khazraj were famous for their bravery. Each one had important poets; among Aws, Qays b. Khatim, known as "the tongue of Aws", and Abu Qays b. Aslat are famous. [[Hassan b. Thabit]], whose eulogy about the [[Prophet (s)]] is famous, and Ka'b b. Malik are from Khazraj. | Aws and Khazraj were famous for their bravery. Each one had important poets; among Aws, Qays b. Khatim, known as "the tongue of Aws", and Abu Qays b. Aslat are famous. [[Hassan b. Thabit]], whose eulogy about the [[Prophet (s)]] is famous, and Ka'b b. Malik are from Khazraj. | ||
Some of great [[companions of the Prophet (s)|Companions]] of the Prophet (s) were from the two tribes. From Aws, [[Hanzala | Some of great [[companions of the Prophet (s)|Companions]] of the Prophet (s) were from the two tribes. From Aws, [[Hanzala b. Abi 'Amir]], [['Asim b. Thabit]], [[Sa'd b. Mu'adh]]; and from Khazraj, [[Zayd b. Thabit]], [[Mu'adh b. Jabal]], and [['Ubay b. Ka'b]] could be noted. | ||
It is said that some of [[Qur' | It is said that some of [[Qur'anic]] [[verse]]s are revealed about Aws and Khazraj, especially [[Quran 3]]:103 which commands [[believer]]s to be unified and avoid division<ref>Al-Shaykh al-Tusi, Vol.2, PP. 545-6</ref>. | ||
Amongst historians, Abu 'Ubayda Mu'ammar b. al-Muthanna, al-Waqidi (d. 207/822), and 'Allan al-Shu'ubi (d. late | Amongst historians, Abu 'Ubayda Mu'ammar b. al-Muthanna, al-Waqidi (d. 207/822), and 'Allan al-Shu'ubi (d. late 2nd/seventh century), wrote books dedicated to Aws and Khazraj, their genealogy, battles, and vices. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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