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Narjis (a): Difference between revisions
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'''Narjis (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|نرجس}}) is the name of [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]]'s wife. She was the mother of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]]. She was also called: '''Malīka''', '''Rayhāna''' and '''Sūsan'''. | '''Narjis (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|نرجس}}) is the name of [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]]'s wife. She was the mother of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]]. She was also called: '''Malīka''', '''Rayhāna''' and '''Sūsan'''. | ||
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The first narration about her nationality goes back to [[286]]/899. [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] is the first scholar who brought up this topic. According to this narration, she was a Christian from Roman Empire who was captured by Muslims. Nakhkhas –one of the [[List of Companions of Imam al-Hadi (a)|companions of Imam al-Hadi (a)]]- bought her from the slave market in [[Baghdad]] and sent her to [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] in [[Samarra]]. | The first narration about her nationality goes back to [[286]]/899. [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] is the first scholar who brought up this topic. According to this narration, she was a Christian from Roman Empire who was captured by Muslims. Nakhkhas –one of the [[List of Companions of Imam al-Hadi (a)|companions of Imam al-Hadi (a)]]- bought her from the slave market in [[Baghdad]] and sent her to [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] in [[Samarra]]. | ||
However, this narration loses its authenticity afterward and looks more like a fairy tale. It continues that the mother of twelfth Imam was Malika bt. Yusha' the grand-daughter of Caesar from his daughter, and her mother was a descendant of Simon, the disciple of [[Jesus (a)]]. When Malika was in his grand-father's palace, she dreamed lady [[Mary (a)]], Jesus's mother, and [[Lady Fatima (a)]], the Prophet's (s) daughter. Lady Fatima (a) invited her to embrace [[Islam]] and convinced her to let herself to be captured by Muslims. | However, this narration loses its authenticity afterward and looks more like a fairy tale. It continues that the mother of twelfth Imam was Malika bt. Yusha' the grand-daughter of Caesar from his daughter, and her mother was a descendant of Simon, the disciple of [[Jesus (a)]]. When Malika was in his grand-father's palace, she dreamed lady [[Mary (a)]], Jesus's mother, and [[Lady Fatima (a)]], the Prophet's (s) daughter. Lady Fatima (a) invited her to embrace [[Islam]] and convinced her to let herself to be captured by Muslims.<ref>Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Imām al-Mahdī'', vol. 2, p. 179.</ref> | ||
==Criticism of this Hadith== | ==Criticism of this Hadith== | ||
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Second, early authors such as [['Ali b. Ibrahim al-Qummi|al-Qummi]], [[Hasan b. Musa al-Nawbakhti|Nawbakhti]], [[al-Kulayni]] and [['Ali b. Husayn al-Mas'udi|al-Mas'udi]] who were contemporaries of [[Muhammad b. Bahr al-Shaybani|al-Shaybani]] - the narrator of the hadith - did not mention this hadith in their works. Also, [[al-Kashshi]], who was acquainted with al-Shaybani, asserts that he was from [[Ghulat]]. | Second, early authors such as [['Ali b. Ibrahim al-Qummi|al-Qummi]], [[Hasan b. Musa al-Nawbakhti|Nawbakhti]], [[al-Kulayni]] and [['Ali b. Husayn al-Mas'udi|al-Mas'udi]] who were contemporaries of [[Muhammad b. Bahr al-Shaybani|al-Shaybani]] - the narrator of the hadith - did not mention this hadith in their works. Also, [[al-Kashshi]], who was acquainted with al-Shaybani, asserts that he was from [[Ghulat]]. | ||
Third, al-Kulayni reported that Imam al-Mahdi's (a) mother was a slave woman from [[Nawba]], northern province of [[Sudan]]. | Third, al-Kulayni reported that Imam al-Mahdi's (a) mother was a slave woman from [[Nawba]], northern province of [[Sudan]].<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 2, p. 107, hadith 14.</ref> | ||
Additionally, [[Ibn Abi Zaynab al-Nu'mani|al-Nu'mani]] and [[al-Saduq]] have narrated other hadiths which say that she was a black slave woman. | Additionally, [[Ibn Abi Zaynab al-Nu'mani|al-Nu'mani]] and [[al-Saduq]] have narrated other hadiths which say that she was a black slave woman.<ref>Salīmīyān, ''Farhangnāma-ye mahdawīyyat'', p. 374; Nuʿmānī, ''Kitāb al-Ghayba'', p. 163; Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol.1, p. 329.</ref> | ||
But why later Shi'a scholars ignored these hadiths and believed that al-Shaybani's hadith is authentic? It is possible that it was because his hadith implies that Imam al-Mahdi's (a) mother was from a noble family with a high social rank. Also, the relation between Imam al-Mahdi (a) and Jesus (a) in this hadith fascinated them, because there are some hadiths from the [[Prophet (s)]] which imply that they both rise up together and save the world from injustice and tyranny. | But why later Shi'a scholars ignored these hadiths and believed that al-Shaybani's hadith is authentic? It is possible that it was because his hadith implies that Imam al-Mahdi's (a) mother was from a noble family with a high social rank. Also, the relation between Imam al-Mahdi (a) and Jesus (a) in this hadith fascinated them, because there are some hadiths from the [[Prophet (s)]] which imply that they both rise up together and save the world from injustice and tyranny. | ||
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According to the three previously mentioned points, one can reject al-Shaybani's hadith; although [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] and [[Ibn Rustam al-Tabari]] authenticated it. | According to the three previously mentioned points, one can reject al-Shaybani's hadith; although [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] and [[Ibn Rustam al-Tabari]] authenticated it. | ||
Apparently, [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] has narrated a [[sahih]] | Apparently, [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] has narrated a [[sahih hadith]] about the mother of Imam al-Mahdi (a). He narrated: "she was a slave women who was brought up in the house of [[Hakima]], [[Imam al-Hadi]]'s sister, and when Imam (a) saw her face, foretold that she will bear a child by the special [[blessing of God]]." | ||
==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
According to [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], she passed away before [[260]]/874. But according to [[al-Najashi]], she was alive after this year and hid in the house of | According to [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], she passed away before [[260]]/874.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', vol. 2, p. 431.</ref> But according to [[al-Najashi]], she was alive after this year and hid in the house of [[Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Hamza]] who was a close companion of Imam al-'Askari (a).<ref>Najāshī, ''Rijāl al-Najāshī'', p. 268.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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