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Abu Sufyan: Difference between revisions
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Ṣakhr b. Ḥarb b. | '''Ṣakhr b. Ḥarb b. Umayya b. ʿAbd al-Shams b. ʿAbd Manāf''' (صَخر بن حَرب بن اُمَیـَّة بن عبدالشمس بن عبدمَناف), famous as '''Abu Sufyan''' (اَبوسُفیان), is one of the famous Arab men in the history of early Islam. When the Noble [[Prophet (s)]] started his invitation to [[Islam]], Abu Sufyan turned in to one of the most obstinate enemies of the Prophet (s). He had an active role against the Prophet (s) in the Battles of [[Battle of Badr|Badr]], [[Battle of Uhud|Uhud]] and [[Battle of Khandaq|Khandaq]] but embraced Islam in the eighth year of Hijri, and was appointed as the governor of [[Najran]] by the Noble Prophet (s). He treated the [[Abu Bakr|first]] and [['Umar b. Khattab|second caliph]] with compromise and supported the caliphate of [['Uthman b. 'Affan|'Uthman]]. | ||
==Birth and Lineage== | ==Birth and Lineage== | ||
He was sometimes called with his nickname, Abu Handhala. His exact date of birth is not clear, but according to some, he was born ten years before the [['Am al-Fil]] (the Year of the Elephant), 560 AD. | He was sometimes called with his nickname, Abu Handhala. His exact date of birth is not clear, but according to some, he was born ten years before the [['Am al-Fil]] (the Year of the Elephant), 560 AD. | ||
His mother was | His mother was Safiyya, daughter of Hazn b. Bujayr b. Huzam. His father, Harb, was the leader of [[Banu Umayya]] and their commander in the Battles of Fijar (Harb al-Fijar). | ||
==Social and Political Personality== | ==Social and Political Personality== | ||
Although Abu Sufyan is a famous figure of the early history of Islam, but his life, specifically before Islam, is not clear. Some indications from historians show that he was probably one of the nobles of the | Although Abu Sufyan is a famous figure of the early history of Islam, but his life, specifically before Islam, is not clear. Some indications from historians show that he was probably one of the nobles of the [[Quraysh]] before Islam and was a merchant. Ibn Habib says he was one of the rulers of Quraysh. He was one of the authorities of Quraysh and one of the four people whose command was influential. | ||
With the beginning of the Prophet's (s) invitation to Islam, Abu Sufyan turned into one of his obstinate enemies; nevertheless, it is believed that his enmity with the Prophet (s) was less than the rest of the leaders of | With the beginning of the [[Prophet (s)|Prophet's (s)]] invitation to Islam, Abu Sufyan turned into one of his obstinate enemies; nevertheless, it is believed that his enmity with the Prophet (s) was less than the rest of the leaders of Quraysh, such as [[Abu Jahl]] and [[Abu Lahab]]. | ||
Although he embraced Islam after the liberation of Mecca, but the speeches which have been attributed to him in the | Although he embraced Islam after the liberation of [[Mecca]], but the speeches which have been attributed to him in the Event of Radda shows his desire and attraction to the previous religion. Ibn Habib states he was one of the pagans of Quraysh. | ||
Abu Sufyan has reported some hadiths from the Noble Prophet (s) as well. | Abu Sufyan has reported some hadiths from the Noble Prophet (s) as well. | ||
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==Encountering the Prophet (s) == | ==Encountering the Prophet (s) == | ||
===Battle of Badr=== | ===Battle of Badr=== | ||
In the second year after the Prophet's (s) migration from Mecca to Medina, Abu Sufyan was leading a trade caravan coming back from | {{Main|Battle of Badr}} | ||
In the second year after the Prophet's (s) [[Hijra|migration]] from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]], Abu Sufyan was leading a trade caravan coming back from [[Sham]]. The [[Prophet (s)]] decided to raid the caravan. Abu Sufyan sent a letter asking for the help of the Qurayshi Meccans on one hand, and at the same time, changed his path and delivered the caravan to Mecca safely. Although the caravan avoided the raid, [[Abu Jahl]] became angry of the Prophet's (s) threat and decided to stay and fight the people of [[Yathrib]]. So, with the help of new force that came from Mecca, Abu Jahl fight against the army of Muslims. | |||
The | The [[Quraysh]] was defeated in the [[Battle of Badr]]; Handhala, the son of Abu Sufyan was killed and his other son, 'Amr was captured. He was set free later. | ||
===Torching the Palm Tress of Medina=== | ===Torching the Palm Tress of Medina=== | ||