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Eid al-Ghadir: Difference between revisions
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'''Eid Ghadir'''(عید غدیر) is among important feasts and happy holidays of Shi'a held on 18th Dhu al-Hijjah; when according to reports, the noble Prophet (s) appointed Ali b. Abi Talib (a) as hos caliph and Imam after himself following an order from God. That event happened in the Prophet's (s) Hajjat al-Wida' (haj of the farewell), 10 AH in a place called Ghadir Khum. | '''Eid Ghadir'''(عید غدیر) is among important feasts and happy holidays of Shi'a held on 18th Dhu al-Hijjah; when according to reports, the noble Prophet (s) appointed 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) as hos caliph and Imam after himself following an order from God. That event happened in the Prophet's (s) Hajjat al-Wida' (haj of the farewell), 10 AH in a place called Ghadir Khum. | ||
In Shi'a hadiths, the anniversary has been called "Eid Allah al-Akbar", Eid of Ahl al-Bayt (a) of the Prophet (s) and Ashraf al-A'yad. | In Shi'a hadiths, the anniversary has been called "Eid Allah al-Akbar", Eid of Ahl al-Bayt (a) of the Prophet (s) and Ashraf al-A'yad. | ||
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== The Event of Ghadir == | == The Event of Ghadir == | ||
The Prophet (s) began his journey from Medina toward Mecca for hajj on 24th or 25th of Dhu al-Qi'dah 10 AH accompanied with thousands of people. Since that hajj was the last hajj of the Prophet (s), it was later called Hajjat al-Wida'. When hajj rituals finished and the Prophet (s) left Mecca toward Medina, they arrived at Ghadir Khum on Thursday, 18th Dhu al-Hijjah and before people of Sham, Egypt and Iraq leave, Gabriel revealed the verse of Tabligh to the Prophet (s) and delivered him the order of God for appointment of Ali (a) as Wali (guardian) and Wasi (successor) after the Prophet (s) and announcing it to people. | The Prophet (s) began his journey from Medina toward Mecca for hajj on 24th or 25th of Dhu al-Qi'dah 10 AH accompanied with thousands of people. Since that hajj was the last hajj of the Prophet (s), it was later called Hajjat al-Wida'. When hajj rituals finished and the Prophet (s) left Mecca toward Medina, they arrived at Ghadir Khum on Thursday, 18th Dhu al-Hijjah and before people of Sham, Egypt and Iraq leave, Gabriel revealed the verse of Tabligh to the Prophet (s) and delivered him the order of God for appointment of 'Ali (a) as Wali (guardian) and Wasi (successor) after the Prophet (s) and announcing it to people. | ||
According to hadiths, the Prophet (s) gathered people in Ghadir Khum, raised Ali's (a) hand so that everyone sees and asked, "O people! Do I not have wilaya [guardianship] over you more than you have over yourself?" People answered, "Yes, O Prophet (s)!" Then, the Prophet (s) said, "God is my wali [guardian] and I am wali of the believers; and I have wilaya over them more than they have over themselves. So anyone, I am his wali, Ali (a) is his wali." Then, the Prophet (s) repeated it three times and said, "O God! Befriend and be the wali of anyone who loves Ali (a) and considers him as his wali; be the enemy of anyone who is his enemy; and assist anyone who assists him and abandon anyone who abandons him." He (s) then told people, "Those who are present, convey this message to those who are absent." | According to hadiths, the Prophet (s) gathered people in Ghadir Khum, raised 'Ali's (a) hand so that everyone sees and asked, "O people! Do I not have wilaya [guardianship] over you more than you have over yourself?" People answered, "Yes, O Prophet (s)!" Then, the Prophet (s) said, "God is my wali [guardian] and I am wali of the believers; and I have wilaya over them more than they have over themselves. So anyone, I am his wali, 'Ali (a) is his wali." Then, the Prophet (s) repeated it three times and said, "O God! Befriend and be the wali of anyone who loves 'Ali (a) and considers him as his wali; be the enemy of anyone who is his enemy; and assist anyone who assists him and abandon anyone who abandons him." He (s) then told people, "Those who are present, convey this message to those who are absent." | ||
== Eid Ghadir in Hadiths == | == Eid Ghadir in Hadiths == | ||
In Sunni references, there is a hadith saying that, "anyone who fasts 18th of Dhu al-Hijjah, God regards the rewards of 6 months fasting for him" and that "this day is Eid Ghadir Khum." | In Sunni references, there is a hadith saying that, "anyone who fasts 18th of Dhu al-Hijjah, God regards the rewards of 6 months fasting for him" and that "this day is Eid Ghadir Khum." | ||
The Prophet (s) said, "the day of Eid Ghadir Khum is the best eid of my Ummah [people, community] and that is the day God, the Almighty ordered to appoint my brother Ali b. Abi Talib (a) as the standard-bearer of my ummah; so that, people will be guided by him after I pass away; and that is the day God perfected religion and completed blessings upon my ummah and chose Islam their religion." | The Prophet (s) said, "the day of Eid Ghadir Khum is the best eid of my Ummah [people, community] and that is the day God, the Almighty ordered to appoint my brother 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) as the standard-bearer of my ummah; so that, people will be guided by him after I pass away; and that is the day God perfected religion and completed blessings upon my ummah and chose Islam their religion." | ||
Also, Imam Sadiq (a) said, "the day of Ghadir Khum is the grand eid of God. God did not choose any prophet unless that day has been an eid, and has glorified it and its name in the heavens is the day of covenant and on the earth is the day of solemn covenant and public presence." | Also, Imam Sadiq (a) said, "the day of Ghadir Khum is the grand eid of God. God did not choose any prophet unless that day has been an eid, and has glorified it and its name in the heavens is the day of covenant and on the earth is the day of solemn covenant and public presence." | ||
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Muslims, especially Shi'a knew the day of Ghadir as one of the greatest eids since the early Islam and this day was famous among them as Eid Ghadir. | Muslims, especially Shi'a knew the day of Ghadir as one of the greatest eids since the early Islam and this day was famous among them as Eid Ghadir. | ||
In his book, Mas'udi (d. 346 AH) wrote that children and followers of Imam Ali (a) venerated this day. In a hadith, Kulayni (d. 329 AH) has narrated Shi'a's celebration of this day. Therefore, it is clear that celebration Eid Ghadir has been common in the 3rd and 4th centuries AH. | In his book, Mas'udi (d. 346 AH) wrote that children and followers of Imam 'Ali (a) venerated this day. In a hadith, Kulayni (d. 329 AH) has narrated Shi'a's celebration of this day. Therefore, it is clear that celebration Eid Ghadir has been common in the 3rd and 4th centuries AH. | ||
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In Egypt, Fatimid caliphs made the Eid of Ghadir official and in Iran, it has been among official eids since 907 AH, when Shah Isma'il Safavi came to throne. | In Egypt, Fatimid caliphs made the Eid of Ghadir official and in Iran, it has been among official eids since 907 AH, when Shah Isma'il Safavi came to throne. | ||
In Najaf, a great celebration is held every year in the courtyard of Imam Ali's (a) holy shrine and noblemen and scholars of Shi'a and ambassadors of Islamic countries attend there and great speeches and odes are recited. In Yemen, Zaidi Shi'a celebrate the day of Ghadir and illuminate and decorate their streets. | In Najaf, a great celebration is held every year in the courtyard of Imam 'Ali's (a) holy shrine and noblemen and scholars of Shi'a and ambassadors of Islamic countries attend there and great speeches and odes are recited. In Yemen, Zaidi Shi'a celebrate the day of Ghadir and illuminate and decorate their streets. | ||
The eve of Eid Ghadir is also among important nights among Muslims. | The eve of Eid Ghadir is also among important nights among Muslims. | ||