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Eid al-Ghadir: Difference between revisions
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{{For|other uses|Ghadir (disambiguation)}} | {{For|other uses|Ghadir (disambiguation)}} | ||
[[File:Ghadir Khum by Mahmud Farshchiyan.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|"Ghadir-i Khumm", a painting by [[Mahmud Farshchiyan]] which shows the [[Prophet (s)]] giving a speech to the Muslims while [[Ali (a)]] is standing next to him.]] | [[File:Ghadir Khum by Mahmud Farshchiyan.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|"Ghadir-i Khumm", a painting by [[Mahmud Farshchiyan]] which shows the [[Prophet (s)]] giving a speech to the Muslims while [[Ali (a)]] is standing next to him.]] | ||
''' | '''Eid al-Ghadīr''' (Arabic: {{ia|عید الغَدیر}}) is among important feasts and happy holidays of [[Shi'a]] held on [[Dhu l-Hijja 18]]; when according to reports, the noble [[Prophet (s)]] appointed [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] as his [[caliph]] and the [[Imam]] after himself following an order from [[God]]. That event happened in the Prophet's (s) [[Hajjat al-Wida']] (the Farewell Hajj), in [[10]]/632 in a place called [[Ghadir Khumm]]. | ||
In [[Shi'a]] [[hadith]]s, the anniversary has been called "Eid Allah al-Akbar" (the greatest eid of God),<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 8, p. 89.</ref> Eid of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]<ref>Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-Aʿmāl'', vol. 2, p. 261.</ref> and "Ashraf al-A'yad" (Most Honorable Eid).<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 148.</ref> Shi'a celebrate this day around the world with various customs. | In [[Shi'a]] [[hadith]]s, the anniversary has been called "Eid Allah al-Akbar" (the greatest eid of God),<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 8, p. 89.</ref> Eid of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]<ref>Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-Aʿmāl'', vol. 2, p. 261.</ref> and "Ashraf al-A'yad" (Most Honorable Eid).<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 148.</ref> Shi'a celebrate this day around the world with various customs. | ||
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== History of the Celebration == | == History of the Celebration == | ||
[[File:Eid al-Ghadir in Holy Shrine of Imam Ali.jpg|380px|thumbnail|right|Eid al-Ghadir in the [[Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)]] in [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]]. The photo is taken on [[November 3]], 2012 by Shia Waves.]] | [[File:Eid al-Ghadir in Holy Shrine of Imam Ali.jpg|380px|thumbnail|right|Eid al-Ghadir in the [[Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)]] in [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]]. The photo is taken on [[November 3]], 2012 by Shia Waves.]] | ||
Muslims, especially Shi'a consider the day of Ghadir as one of the greatest eids since early Islam, and this day was famous among them as Eid al-Ghadir. In his book, [[Mas'udi]] (d. [[346]]/957-958) wrote that children and followers of [[Imam Ali (a)]] venerated this day.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa l-ishrāf'', p. 221.</ref> In a hadith, [[al-Kulayni]] (d. [[329]]/940-1) has narrated Shi'a's celebration of this day.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 149.</ref> Therefore, it is clear that Eid al-Ghadir's celebration has been common in the 3rd/9th and 4th/10th centuries. | Muslims, especially Shi'a, consider the day of Ghadir as one of the greatest eids since early Islam, and this day was famous among them as Eid al-Ghadir. In his book, [[Mas'udi]] (d. [[346]]/957-958) wrote that children and followers of [[Imam Ali (a)]] venerated this day.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa l-ishrāf'', p. 221.</ref> In a hadith, [[al-Kulayni]] (d. [[329]]/940-1) has narrated Shi'a's celebration of this day.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 149.</ref> Therefore, it is clear that Eid al-Ghadir's celebration has been common in the 3rd/9th and 4th/10th centuries. | ||
Earlier, [[Fayyad b. Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Tusi]] narrated a tradition which suggested that [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] celebrated the day of Ghadir.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 95, p. 322.</ref> Since Imam al-Rida (a) was living at the end of the second/ early 9th century, it becomes clear that the | Earlier, [[Fayyad b. Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Tusi]] narrated a tradition which suggested that [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] celebrated the day of Ghadir.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 95, p. 322.</ref> Since Imam al-Rida (a) was living at the end of the second/ early 9th century, it becomes clear that the celebration of the day of Ghadir goes back early centuries of Islam. | ||
Such a celebration has been common among Muslims in the following years and centuries so that the ceremony of [[allegiance]] with [[al-Musta'la b. Mustansir]] (one of the rulers of [[Egypt]]) was held on the day of Eid al-Ghadir [[487]]/1094.<ref>Ibn Khallikān, ''Wafayāt al-aʿyān'', vol. 1, p. 180.</ref> [[Fatimid]] caliphs made the Eid al-Ghadir an official eid in Egypt; in [[Iran]], it has been among official holidays since [[907]]/1502, when [[Isma'il I]], the [[Safavid]] king came to the throne. | Such a celebration has been common among Muslims in the following years and centuries so that the ceremony of [[allegiance]] with [[al-Musta'la b. Mustansir]] (one of the rulers of [[Egypt]]) was held on the day of Eid al-Ghadir [[487]]/1094.<ref>Ibn Khallikān, ''Wafayāt al-aʿyān'', vol. 1, p. 180.</ref> [[Fatimid]] caliphs made the Eid al-Ghadir an official eid in Egypt; in [[Iran]], it has been among official holidays since [[907]]/1502, when [[Isma'il I]], the [[Safavid]] king came to the throne. | ||
In recent centuries, celebrating this day has been considered among the symbols of Shi'a. In [[Najaf]], a great celebration is held every year in the courtyard of [[Imam Ali's (a) holy shrine]], and noblemen and scholars of Shi'a and ambassadors of | In recent centuries, celebrating this day has been considered among the symbols of Shi'a. In [[Najaf]], a great celebration is held every year in the courtyard of [[Imam Ali's (a) holy shrine]], and noblemen and scholars of Shi'a and ambassadors of Islamic Countries attend there, and great speeches and odes are recited. In [[Yemen]], [[Zaydiyya|Zaydi Shi'a]] celebrate the day of Ghadir and illuminate and decorate their streets. | ||
The eve of Eid al-Ghadir is also among important nights | The eve of Eid al-Ghadir is also among the important nights for Muslims.<ref>Thaʿālibī, ''Thimār al-ghulūb'', p. 511.</ref> | ||
== Recommended Practices == | == Recommended Practices == | ||
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== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [http://khetabeghadir.com/Home-Page/English/lang/En.aspx Khetabe Ghadir]. | * [http://khetabeghadir.com/Home-Page/English/lang/En.aspx Khetabe Ghadir]. | ||
* [http://www.al-islam.org/ghadir/intro.htm Ghadir Khumm in the Qur'an, Hadith, history]. | * [http://www.al-islam.org/ghadir/intro.htm Ghadir Khumm in the Qur'an, Hadith, history]. | ||