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Ulu l-Amr Verse: Difference between revisions
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'''The | '''The ʾUli l-ʾAmr verse '''(Arabic: آیه اولی الامر) or the '''Iṭāʿa''' (obedience) [[verse]] is the verse 59 of sura [[al-Nisa']] which commands believers to obey [[Allah]], [[the Prophet (s)]], and Uli l-Amr (those vested with authority). The verse is one of the Qur'anic proofs for the [[infallibility]] and [[imamate]] of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and other [[Twelve Imams (a)]]. | ||
==Text== | ==Text== | ||
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O, you who have faith! Obey Allah and obey the Apostle and those vested with authority (Uli | O, you who have faith! Obey Allah and obey the Apostle and those vested with authority (Uli l-Amr) among you. And if you dispute concerning anything, refer it to Allah and the Apostle, if you have faith in Allah and the Last Day. That is better and more favorable in outcome. | ||
|source = Q,4:59 | |source = Q,4:59 <ref group="Note"> یا أَیُّها الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا أَطیعُوا اللّهَ وَأَطیعُوا الرَّسُول وَأُولی الأمرِ مِنْکُمْ فَإِنْ تَنازَعْتُمْ فی شَیء فَرُدُّوهُ إِلی اللّهِ وَالرَّسُول إِنْ کُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللّهِ وَالْیَومِ الآخر ذلِکَ خَیرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْویلاً http://tanzil.net/#4:59 </ref> | ||
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==Cause of Revelation== | ==Cause of Revelation== | ||
One [[Muslim]] and a [[Jew]] got disagreement on a subject. The Jew said: "Let's go to Muhammad (s) for judgment" for the Jew knew that [[the Prophet (s)]] would not accept [[bribe]]; but the Muslim said: "Let's go to Ka'b b. Ashraf" because the Muslim knew that he will accept bribe and will judge for him. After the event the verse of Uli | One [[Muslim]] and a [[Jew]] got disagreement on a subject. The Jew said: "Let's go to Muhammad (s) for judgment" for the Jew knew that [[the Prophet (s)]] would not accept [[bribe]]; but the Muslim said: "Let's go to Ka'b b. Ashraf" because the Muslim knew that he will accept bribe and will judge for him. After the event the verse of Uli l-Amr revealed and commanded the believers to obey Allah, the Prophet (s), and Uli l-Amr; and in times of any dispute refer to Allah and his Prophet (s).<ref>Al-Tabrisi, Majma' al-Bayan, vol.2 p.264</ref> | ||
==Indication that Uli | ==Indication that Uli l-Amr are Infallible == | ||
In the view of the Shi'a exegetes, there's no doubt that the [[verse]] indicates the [[infallibility]] of Uli | In the view of the Shi'a exegetes, there's no doubt that the [[verse]] indicates the [[infallibility]] of Uli l-Amr. The reasoning is based on two main points: | ||
* When God commands to obey someone unconditionally, it results in his infallibility; because if he is fallible and commands us to do a sin, at the same time, we must obey him (because God commanded us to do so), and not obey him (because we must not commit sins).<ref>Muhammad Hasan Al-Muzaffar, Dala'il al-Sidq, vol.2 p.17</ref> | * When God commands to obey someone unconditionally, it results in his infallibility; because if he is fallible and commands us to do a sin, at the same time, we must obey him (because God commanded us to do so), and not obey him (because we must not commit sins).<ref>Muhammad Hasan Al-Muzaffar, Dala'il al-Sidq, vol.2 p.17</ref> | ||
* The word Uli | * The word Uli l-Amr is mentioned immediately after the word "al-Rasul" (the Prophet) and because the obedience of the Propeht is unconditionally necessary, due to his infallibility, so the obedience of Uli l-Amr is also unconditional. So it results in the infallibility of Uli l-Amr.<ref> Al-Tabrisi, Majma' al-Bayan, vol.2 p.64</ref> | ||
In addition to Shi'a scholars some [[Sunni]] scholars, like [[al-Fakhr al-Razi]] accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Uli | In addition to Shi'a scholars some [[Sunni]] scholars, like [[al-Fakhr al-Razi]] accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Uli l-Amr.<ref>Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Mafatih al-Ghayb, vol.10 p.113</ref> | ||
==Instance of Uli | ==Instance of Uli l-Amr== | ||
Although al-Fakhr al-Razi accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Uli | Although al-Fakhr al-Razi accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Uli l-Amr; but considers its instance, the [[consensus]] of [[Muslims]] and claims that we cannot identify the infallible and recognize them.<ref> Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Mafatih al-Ghayb, vol.10 p.113</ref> But there are many [[hadith]]s in Shi'a sources which explain that the instance of Uli l-Amr are [[Imams]] (a): | ||
* [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] says: "When the verse revealed, I asked [[the Prophet (s)]]: 'We know Allah and his Prophet, but who are Uli | * [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] says: "When the verse revealed, I asked [[the Prophet (s)]]: 'We know Allah and his Prophet, but who are Uli l-Amr that God attached their obedience to your obedience?', the Prophet (s) said: 'They are my successors and Imams of Muslims after me, first of them is [[imam 'Ali (a)|'Ali]], then [[imam Hasan (a)|Hasan]], then [[imam Husayn (a)|Husayn]], then [[imam 'Ali b. Husayn (a)|'Ali b. Husayn]], then [[Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a)|Muhammad b. 'Ali]],…'<ref>Sulayman Qunduzi, Yanabi', p.494</ref> | ||
* [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] says in the exegesis of the verse: "Uli | * [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] says in the exegesis of the verse: "Uli l-Amr are from the children of 'Ali and [[Fatima (s)|Fatima]], till the [[Day of Judgment]]." He aslo said: "By Uli l-Amr, God only intended us and commanded all the faithful to obey us until the Day of Judgment."<ref>Al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani, p.383,386</ref> | ||
* [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] says: "Uli | * [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] says: "Uli l-Amr are 'Ali b. Abi Talib, Hasan, Husayn, 'Ali b. Husayn, Muhammad b. 'Ali and me, praise God that introduced your Imams and leaders to you when people deny them.<ref>Al-'Ayyashi, Al-Tafsir, p.252</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
[['Isma]] | * [['Isma]] | ||
* [[Fourteen Infallibles]] | |||
==Explanatory notes== | |||
<references group="Note"/> | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
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==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
* The material for writing this article has been mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1 آیه اولی الامر] in Farsi wikishia. | |||
{{The excellences of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | {{The excellences of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | ||
{{Famous verses of Qur'an}} | {{Famous verses of Qur'an}} | ||
{{Imamate}} | {{Imamate}} | ||