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Ulu l-Amr Verse: Difference between revisions
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==Cause of Revelation== | ==Cause of Revelation== | ||
One Muslim and a Jew got disagreement on a subject. The Jew said, "Let's go to Muhammad (s) for judgment" for the Jew knew that the Prophet (s) would not accept bribe; but the Muslim said, "Let's go to Ka'b b. Ashraf" because the Muslim knew that he will accept bribe and will judge for him. After the event, the verse of Uli l-Amr revealed and commanded the believers to obey Allah, the Prophet (s), and Uli l-Amr; and in times of any dispute refer to Allah and his Prophet (s).<ref> | One Muslim and a Jew got disagreement on a subject. The Jew said, "Let's go to Muhammad (s) for judgment" for the Jew knew that the Prophet (s) would not accept bribe; but the Muslim said, "Let's go to Ka'b b. Ashraf" because the Muslim knew that he will accept bribe and will judge for him. After the event, the verse of Uli l-Amr revealed and commanded the believers to obey Allah, the Prophet (s), and Uli l-Amr; and in times of any dispute refer to Allah and his Prophet (s).<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 264.</ref> | ||
==Indication that Uli l-Amr are Infallible == | ==Indication that Uli l-Amr are Infallible == | ||
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In the view of the Shi'a [[exegete]]s, there's no doubt that the verse indicates the [[infallibility]] of Uli l-Amr. The reasoning is based on two main points: | In the view of the Shi'a [[exegete]]s, there's no doubt that the verse indicates the [[infallibility]] of Uli l-Amr. The reasoning is based on two main points: | ||
* When God commands to obey someone unconditionally, it results in his infallibility; because if he is fallible and commands us to do a [[sin]], at the same time, we must obey him (because God commanded us to do so), and not obey him (because we must not commit sins).<ref> | * When God commands to obey someone unconditionally, it results in his infallibility; because if he is fallible and commands us to do a [[sin]], at the same time, we must obey him (because God commanded us to do so), and not obey him (because we must not commit sins).<ref>Muẓaffar, ''Dalāʾil al-ṣidq'', vol. 2, p. 17.</ref> | ||
* The word ''Uli l-Amr'' is mentioned immediately after the word ''al-Rasul'' (the Prophet) and because the obedience of the Prophet is unconditionally necessary, due to his infallibility, so the obedience of Uli l-Amr is also unconditional. So it results in the infallibility of Uli l-Amr.<ref> | * The word ''Uli l-Amr'' is mentioned immediately after the word ''al-Rasul'' (the Prophet) and because the obedience of the Prophet is unconditionally necessary, due to his infallibility, so the obedience of Uli l-Amr is also unconditional. So it results in the infallibility of Uli l-Amr.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 64.</ref> | ||
In addition to Shi'a scholars some [[Sunni]] scholars, like [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]] accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Uli l-Amr.<ref>Fakhr al- | In addition to Shi'a scholars some [[Sunni]] scholars, like [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]] accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Uli l-Amr.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 10, p. 113.</ref> | ||
==Instances of Uli l-Amr== | ==Instances of Uli l-Amr== | ||
Although Fakhr al-Din al-Razi accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Uli l-Amr; he considers its instance, the [[consensus]] of Muslims and claims that we cannot identify the infallible and recognize them.<ref> Fakhr al- | Although Fakhr al-Din al-Razi accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Uli l-Amr; he considers its instance, the [[consensus]] of Muslims and claims that we cannot identify the infallible and recognize them.<ref> Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 10, p. 113.</ref> However, there are many [[hadith]]s in Shi'a sources which explain that the instance of Uli l-Amr are the Shia Imams (a): | ||
* [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] says, "When the verse revealed, I asked [[the Prophet (s)]], 'We know Allah and his Prophet, but who are Uli l-Amr that God attached their obedience to your obedience?', the Prophet (s) said, 'They are my successors and imams of Muslims after me, first of them is [[Imam 'Ali (a)|'Ali]], then [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)|Hasan]], then [[Imam al-Husayn (a)|Husayn]], then [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)|'Ali b. al-Husayn]], then [[Imam al-Baqir (a)|Muhammad b. 'Ali]],…'<ref> | * [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] says, "When the verse revealed, I asked [[the Prophet (s)]], 'We know Allah and his Prophet, but who are Uli l-Amr that God attached their obedience to your obedience?', the Prophet (s) said, 'They are my successors and imams of Muslims after me, first of them is [[Imam 'Ali (a)|'Ali]], then [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)|Hasan]], then [[Imam al-Husayn (a)|Husayn]], then [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)|'Ali b. al-Husayn]], then [[Imam al-Baqir (a)|Muhammad b. 'Ali]],…'<ref>Qunduzi, ''Yanābīʿ al-Mawadda'', p. 494.</ref> | ||
* [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] says in the exegesis of the verse, "Uli l-Amr are from the children of 'Ali and [[Fatima (s)|Fatima]], till the [[Day of Judgment]]." He also said, "By Uli l-Amr, God only intended us and commanded all the faithful to obey us until the Day of Judgment."<ref> | * [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] says in the exegesis of the verse, "Uli l-Amr are from the children of 'Ali and [[Fatima (s)|Fatima]], till the [[Day of Judgment]]." He also said, "By Uli l-Amr, God only intended us and commanded all the faithful to obey us until the Day of Judgment."<ref>Baḥrānī, ''al-Burhān'', p. 383, 386.</ref> | ||
* [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] says, "Uli l-Amr are 'Ali b. Abi Talib, al-Hasan, al-Husayn, 'Ali b. al-Husayn, Muhammad b. 'Ali and me, praise God that introduced your imams and leaders to you when people deny them.<ref> | * [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] says, "Uli l-Amr are 'Ali b. Abi Talib, al-Hasan, al-Husayn, 'Ali b. al-Husayn, Muhammad b. 'Ali and me, praise God that introduced your imams and leaders to you when people deny them.<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī'', p. 252.</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* | *ʿAyyāshī, Muḥammad b. Masʿūd al-. ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī''. Edited by Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallatī. Tehran: Maktabat al-ʿIlmīyya al-Islāmīyya, 1363 Sh. | ||
* | *Baḥrānī, Sayyid Hāshim al-. ''Al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Qom: Ismāʾīlīyān, n.d. | ||
* | *Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb (al-Tafsīr al-kabīr)''. Third edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1420 AH. | ||
* | *Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. ''Āyāt-i wilāyat dar Qurʾān''. Qom: Intishārāt-i Nasl-i Jawān, 1386 Sh. | ||
* | *Muẓaffar, Muḥammad Ḥasan al-. ''Dalāʾil al-ṣidq''. Tehran: Maktabat al-Dhujāj, n.d. | ||
* | *Qundūzī, Ḥāfiẓ Sulaymān al-. ''Yanābīʿ al-Mawadda''. Edited by ʿAlī Jamāl Ashraf. Qom: Dār al-Uswa li-l-Ṭabāʿa wa l-Nashr, 1416 AH. | ||
* | *Rabbānī Gulpāyigānī, ʿAlī. ''Imāmat dar bīnish-i Islāmī''. Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb, 1386 Sh. | ||
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallatī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1379 AH. | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||